IPv6Overview and Status

Robert M. Hinden

NOKIA

2 NOKIA

TALK OVERVIEW

IPng Overview

Proposed TLA/NLA Assignment Rules

Current Status

Deployment Timetable

3 NOKIA

New Version of the Internet Protocol

– Assigned Version 6 (IPv6)

Expands Scope of Routing and Addressing to

Meet Internet Growth

Solves Next Set of Pressing Problems

Good Example of Internet Technology Evolution

IP NEXT GENERATION

4 NOKIA

Larger 128-bit Hierarchical Addresses

– Supports Much Larger Internet

– Allows Embedded IEEE 802 MAC Address for Auto-Configuration

Simplified Header w/ 64bit Alignment

Flow Label for Real Time Support

Flexible Extension Header Mechanism

– Security

– Route Selection

CHANGES FROM IPv4

5 NOKIA

Plug and Play Auto Configuration

Authentication and Privacy Extensions

Flexible Scaleable Routing Architecture

Multicast Improved and Made Standard

Incremental Deployment

NEW FEATURES

6 NOKIA

IPv6 HEADER FORMAT

Payload Length

Version Flow Label

Next Header Hop Limit

Source Address

Destination Address

32 bits

40 bytes

Class

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IPv4 HEADER FORMAT

LengthVers

Source AddressDestination Address

32 bits

20 bytes

TOSHdrL

Identification Frag. OffsetFlags

Header ChecksumProtocolTTL

Options Padding

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EXTENSION HEADERS

IPv6 Header

Next Header =TCP

TCP Header + Data

Security Header

Next Header =TCP

IPv6 Header

Next Header =Security

TCP Header + Data

Fragment Header

Next Header =TCP

Routing Header

Next Header =Fragment

IPv6 Header

Next Header =Routing

Fragment of TCPHeader + Data

9 NOKIA

IPv6 ADDRESSING

128 Bit Addresses can Identify Large Number of End Points:

340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456

15% Initially Assigned, 85% Reserved for Future Growth

10 NOKIA

IPv6 ADDRESS TYPES

Unicast (one-to-one)

– Global

– Link-Local

– Site-Local

– Compatible (IPv4, IPX, NSAP)

Multicast (one-to-many)

Anycast (one-to-nearest)

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Aggregatable Unicast

Link Local Unicast

Site Local Unicast

Multicast

ADDRESS FORMATS

111111010Interface

ID0000.............0000

001SLAID

NLAID

InterfaceID

TLAID

SubnetID

InterfaceID

111111011

Flags ScopeGroup

ID11111111

000...000

R

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AGGREGATABLE UNICAST ADDRESSES

Unicast Address Format for IPv6

Supports Provider and Exchange Models

Great Improvement in ISP Routing Scaling

– Limits Size of Top Level Routing

Exchanges Support Site

– Multihoming to Long Haul Providers

– Changing Long Haul Providers w/out Renumbering

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FORMAT

FP TLA R NLA* SLA* INTERFACE ID

3 13 8 24 16 64

PublicTopology

SiteTopology

InterfaceIdentifier

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FIELDS

FP Format Prefix (010)

TLA ID Top Level Aggregation ID

RES Reserved for Future Use

NLA ID Next Level Aggregation ID

SLA ID Site Level Aggregation ID

INTERFACE ID Interface Identifier

1515 NOKIA

TOP LEVEL AGGREGATION ID Top Level in Addressing Hierarchy

Assigned to Organizations providing Transit Topology

– Not for Leaf Topology

Supports 213 TLA ID’s (8K)

– Expansion possible using Reserved field

IANA Assigns Blocks to Registries

– Registries assign TLA ID’s to organizations

– Registries get more from IANA

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NEXT LEVEL AGGREGATION ID Used by TLA ID holders to

– Create TLA Hierarchy

– Identify Sites

TLA ID holder’s may support NLA’s in their own Site ID space

NLA holder’s may support NLA’s in their…..

Works exactly like CIDR delegation

TLA holder’s assume registry duties for NLA’s

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NLA ID’S

NLA1 SITE ID SLA ID INTERFACE ID

NLA2 SITE ID SLA ID INTERFACE ID

NLA3SITE SLA ID INTERFACE ID

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INTERFACE ID’S Identify Interfaces on a Link

– Required to be Unique on Link

– May be Unique over a broader scope

Constructed in IEEE EUI-64 format

– Usually from Hardware Token» Ethernet MAC, etc.

– May be created from limited scope token» Local Talk, tunnels, etc.

Future work may use Interface ID as an Node Identifier

19 NOKIA

IPv6 ROUTING

Longest-Prefix Match Routing

– Same as IPv4 CIDR Routing

Extensions to Existing IPv4 Routing Protocols

– Unicast: RIPv2, OSPF, ISIS, BGP4, ...

– Multicast: PIM, MOSPF, , ...

Support for Policy Routing by use of Routing Header with Anycast Addresses

– Provider Selection, Policy Routing, etc.

20 NOKIA

IPv6 SECURITY

All implementations expected to support authentication and encryption headers

Authentication separate from encryption for use in situations where encryption is prohibited or prohibitively expensive

Support for manual key configuration required

Key distribution protocols are under development

– Independent of IPv4 / IPv6

21 NOKIA

“PLUG-AND-PLAY” AUTOCONFIGURATION

Hosts automatically learn subnet prefix from router advertisements

– Fabricate own address by adding local unique ID (e.g., Ethernet address)

New subnet prefixes can be added, and old ones deleted, to cause automatic renumbering

Automatic address fabrication can be overridden by DHCP service, for more local control

Work underway on dynamic DNS updating and automatic service location (anycast/multicast)

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REAL TIME

Flows

– Sequence of Packets that desire Real-Time service

– Flow Label used to identify Flow

Traffic Classes

– Interactive (prefer Low Latency over Throughput

– Explicit Congestion Notification

– Priority

23 NOKIA

IPv6 TRANSITION

Philosophy

– Make IPv6 Implementations Compatible with IPv4

– Make it Easy to Deploy

– Get Experience Early in Transition

Goals

– Allow Incremental Upgrade of Hosts and Routers to IPv6

– Few or No Upgrade Dependencies

– Complete Transition before IPv4 Addresses Run Out

24 NOKIA

GENERAL TRANSITION MODEL

time

IPv4 Only IPv4 & IPv6 IPv6

Phase 1 Phase 2

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TRANSITION TECHNIQUES

Dual IP Layer

– Nodes Support IPv4 and IPv6

IPv4 Compatibility Addresses

– IPv4 Address Embedded within IPv6 Address

IPv6 in IPv4 Encapsulation

– Tunnel IPv6 Datagrams across IPv4 Infrastructure

Translation

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CURRENT IPv4 OPERATION

IPv4Router

IPv4Host

IPv4Router

IPv4Host

IPv4

Data

IPv4

Data

IPv4

Data

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INTEROPERATION WITH IPv4

IPv4Router

IPv6/IPv4Host

IPv4Router

IPv4Host

IPv4

Data

IPv4

Data

IPv4

Data

28 NOKIA

TUNNELING OVER IPv4

IPv4Router

IPv6/IPv4Host

IPv6/IPv4Host

IPv4Router

IPv4

IPv6

Data

IPv6

Data

IPv6

Data

IPv4

IPv6

Data

IPv4

IPv6

Data

29 NOKIA

IPv6 AND TUNNELING

IPv6/IPv4Host

IPv6/IPv4Host

IPv4Router

IPv4

IPv6

Data

IPv6

Data

IPv6

Data

IPv4

IPv6

Data

IPv4

IPv6

Data

IPv4/IPv6Router

IPv6

Data

30 NOKIA

IPv6 - IPv4 TRANSLATION

IPv6Host

IPv4Host

IPv4Router

IPv6

Data

IPv4/IPv6Translator

IPv6

Data

IPv4

Data

IPv4

Data

31 NOKIA

IPv6 OPERATION

IPv6

Data

IPv6/IPv4Host

IPv6/IPv4Host

IPv6

Data

IPv6

Data

IPv4/IPv6Router

IPv4/IPv6Router

PROPOSED TLA/NLA ASSIGNMENT RULES

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MOTIVATION FORPROPOSED ASSIGMENT RULES

Limit Number of Top Level Prefixes to Manageable Size

Assign Top Level Prefixes only to Transit Providers

– Not assigned to Leaf Sites

Assign Top Level Prefixes to Organizations who

– Are Capable of providing service

– Plan IPv6 service in near term

34 NOKIA

MOTIVATION (CONTINUED)

Assignment policy match current IPv4 Practice

Assignees make registration data available to Registries

Assignments consistent w/ Aggregation Format

– Limit Prefix to /48

– Sites always get 80 bits (16bit SLA + 64bit I ID)

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TWO STAGE TLA ALLOCATION

First Stage - Allocate Sub-TLA ID

– Create Sub-TLA out of TLA ID = 1

Second Stage - Allocate TLA ID

– When assignee demonstrates 90% usage of Sub-TLA

FP TLA Sub- NLA* SLA* INTERFACE ID TLA

3 13 13 19 16 64

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PROPOSED ASSIGNMENT REQUIREMENTS

Plan to offer native IPv6 service within 9 months of assignment

Verifiable track record of providing Internet transit service or capability of same

– No assignments to leaf sites

Registration fee to IANA and/or service/registration fees to Registries

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PROPOSED ASSIGNMENT REQUIREMENTS (CONTINUED)

Provide Registry services for NLA space it is responsible

– Database of assignments publicly available to Registries

Periodically provide Utilization statistics to Registry

Must show 90% utilization prior to additional TLA assignments

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DOCUMENTS

Proposed TLA and NLA Assignment Rules

<draft-ietf-ipngwg-tla-assignment-03.txt>

An Aggregatable Global Unicast Address Format

<draft-ietf-ipngwg-unicast-aggr-04.txt>

CURRENT STATUS

40 NOKIA

IPng STANDARDS STATUS

IPv6 IETF Standards– IPv6 Protocol– Addressing Architecture– ICMP – DNS– Security– Unicast Aggregation Formats – Transition Mechanisms– Neighbor Discovery– Address Auto-configuration– OSI NSAP Mappings– IPv6 over Ethernet– IPv6 over FDDI– IPv6 over PPP– Jumbo Grams– Routing Protocols (RIPng, OSPFv3, ISIS, BGP4++)

– Tunneling– MIB’s

IETF Completing Work– Routing Protocols (PIM)– Header Compression– MIB’s– IPv6 over <link>– Router Renumbering– DHCP– Service Location– Mobility Support

41 NOKIA

IPv6 IMPLEMENTATIONS Host Systems

– Apple– BSDI– Digital– Epiloque– FTP Software (WIN)– IBM (AIX)– INRIA (NetBSD, FreeBSD)– Linux– Mentat (Streams)– Microsoft– Novell– NRL (4.4-lite BSD)– Pacific Softworks– Process Software (VMS)– SCO– SICS/HP (HP-UX)

– Siemens Nixdorf– Sun Microsystems– UNH– WIDE Consortium

(NAIST, Hitachi, Sony, NTT)

Routers– 3Com– Bay Networks– Cisco Systems– Digital– Hitachi, Ltd.– Merit– Nokia– NTH University– Sumitomo Electric– Telebit AS

42 NOKIA

Testbed for IPv6 Testing and Deployment

– Modeled after MBONE

Uses IPv6 in IPv4 Tunnels

Currently

– 265 Sites

– 34 Countries

– 4 Continents

NOKIA

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TOPOLOGY

DEPLOYMENT TIMETABLE

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DEPLOYMENT TIMETABLE

1997-1998– Product Development Continues

– Protocols Refined based on Experience

1998-1999– IPv6 Appears in Users Systems as part of

Software Upgrades

– Users Tryout IPv6

1999-2000– Organizations start Converting to IPv6

– Translate to IPv4 at Organizational Boundaries

47 NOKIA

FOR MORE INFORMATION

IPng Web Pages (General Info, Mailing Lists, etc.)

http://playground.sun.com/ipnghttp://www.6bone.net

BooksIPng, Internet Protocol Next Generation by Scott O. Bradner & Allison Mankin (Addison-

Wesley)

IPv6, The New Internet Protocol by Christian Huitema (Prentice Hall)

IPng and the TCP/IP Protocols by Stephen Thomas (Wiley)

48 NOKIA

SUMMARY

IPng is a New Version of IP

Solves Current Critical Growth Problems

Compatible with IPv4

Improves IP in Many Areas

Builds a Strong Base for the Future Growth