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Introduction to PBN (Performance Based Navigation)
1
Overview
✈ Learning Objectives: ✈ Understand PBN concept ✈ Understand how to improve operational efficiency and airspace capacity
through correct use of PBN ✈ This presentation will discuss
✈ Navigation in context ✈ Evolution to Performance Based Navigation ✈ Performance Based Navigation
✈ What Is PBN? ✈ What is Area Navigation (RNAV)? ✈ What is Required Navigation Performance (RNP)? ✈ What is the Key Difference?
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Navigation in Context
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Air Traffic Management
Communications
Navigation
Surveillance
CNS/ATM
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Evolution to PBN – RNP
✈ RNP concept ✈ Initially defined by ICAO Special Committee on Future Air Navigation
Systems (FANS) for “Required Navigation Performance Capability” (RNPC)
✈ Refined by ICAO Review of the General Concept of Separation Panel to “Required Navigation Performance” (RNP)
✈ ICAO Doc 9613 Manual on Required Navigation Performance (First Edition 1993) ✈ RNP: “A statement of the navigation performance necessary for operation within a
defined airspace”
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Evolution to PBN – Why?
B-RNAV
P-RNAV
US-RNAV
RNP10
RNP 4
RNP/RNAV
Boeing Europe
US
Australia
Canada
South America
China
Japan
Airbus
Russia Other States-Regions
India
RNAV and RNP
Globally applicable navigation applications required. RNP majored on accuracy.
Implementations need specific functionality as well as accuracy.
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Evolution to PBN – a new definition
Navigation based on
specified system performance requirements for aircraft operating on a air traffic route,
instrument approach procedure, or
in a designated airspace
Components of PBN Concept
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1
3
2
NAVIGATION APPLICATION
3
NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE
1 NAVIGATION
SPECIFICATION
2
Components of PBN Concept
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1
3
2
NAVIGATION APPLICATION
3
NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE
1 NAVIGATION
SPECIFICATION
2
Components of PBN Concept - Navaid Infrastructure -
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Ground-based Navigation Aids (Navaids) VOR; DME; (Not NDB)
Space-based Navaids GNSS
• GPS; Glonass; future Galileo
2 NAVAID
INFRASTRUCTURE
1
Components of PBN Concept
10
1
3
2
NAVIGATION APPLICATION
3
NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE
1 NAVIGATION
SPECIFICATION
2
Components of PBN Concept - Navigation Specification -
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What PERFORMANCE is required of the RNAV system?
What Functionalities must RNAV system have to achieve Performance
What Navigation Sensors must be integrated in RNAV system to achieve Performance
What requirements are placed on the Air crew to achieve the required Performance from the RNAV system?
3 NAVIGATION
SPECIFICATION
2
Document used by State as basis for developing Certification & Operational Approval
International Navigation Specifications published in Volume II of PBN Manual
Accuracy Integrity
Continuity
Aim is to limit number
of Nav. Specs in global use
Components of PBN Concept - Navigation Specification -
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PERFORMANCE
Functionalities
Navigation Sensors
Air crew requirements
3 NAVIGATION
SPECIFICATION
2
Previous RNP
Concept
Document used by State as basis for developing Certification & Operational Approval
International Navigation Specifications published in Volume II of PBN Manual
Components of PBN Concept - Navigation Specification -
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RNAV System PERFORMANCE
3 NAVIGATION
SPECIFICATION
2
Document used by State as basis for Certification & Operational Approval
International NS in Volume II of PBN Manual
RNAV RNP On-Board performance Monitoring and Alerting
Accuracy Integrity
Continuity
Components of PBN Concept - Navigation Specification -
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✈ On-board performance monitoring and alerting allows the air crew to detect that the RNP system is not achieving the navigation performance required of the RNP system
RNAV RNP
On-Board performance Monitoring and Alerting
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RNAV and RNP
RNP 1
1 Nautical Mile 95% of flight time
1 Nautical Mile 95% of flight time
Track Centerline
2*RNP Alert to Pilot
The Key Extra Ingredient: On-Board Performance Monitoring and Alerting
RNAV 1
RNP is not different from RNAV: it is more than RNAV
Components of PBN Concept - Standardized Navigation Specification -
DesignationRNP with additional requirements to be
determined (e.g. 3D, 4D etc)
Designation RNAV 5RNAV 2RNAV 1
Designation
B-RNP 1
RNP AR APCHfor various phases of
flight
RNP 2*
A-RNP*RNP 0.3*
RNP APCH*
Designation RNAV 10
For Oceanic and Remote Continental navigation
applications For En Route & Terminal navigation applications
Designation RNP 4
For Oceanic & Remote Continental navigation
applications
* Under development
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ICAO NAVIGATION
SPECIFICATIONS
International NS in Volume II of PBN Manual
RNAV SPECIFICATIONS RNP SPECIFICATIONS
Components of PBN Concept - Designation -
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1 NAVIGATION APPLICATION
X RNAV RNP X 3 NAVIGATION
SPECIFICATION
RNP 1 RNAV 10 X RNAV RNP X
RNP 1 RNAV 10 2
NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE
RNAV 5
RNAV 5
RNP descriptor RNP APCH
RNP AR APCH
RNP APCH
RNP AR APCH
X = Navigation Accuracy in NM
Components of PBN Concept
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1
3
2
NAVIGATION APPLICATION
3
NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE
1 NAVIGATION
SPECIFICATION
2
Components of PBN Concept - Navigation Application -
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The APPLICATION (use of) the Navigation Specification and Navaid Infrastructure - For example: Routes based on RNAV and RNP Specifications (these rely on the Navaid Infrastructure); For example: SIDs/STARs based on RNAV and RNP Specifications; For example: Approach procedures based on RNP Specifications
1 NAVIGATION APPLICATION
3
Airspace Design & PBN
✈ Separation minima in procedural environment;
✈ Configuration/proximity of ATS Routes (including SIDs, STARs, Holds and IAPs) for an airspace organisation.
✈ Determined in part, but not exclusively by
area navigation system performance stipulated in the Navigation Specification (required for operation in an airspace).
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•Accuracy •Integrity •Continuity
Components of PBN Concept
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1
3
2
NAVIGATION APPLICATION
3
NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE
1 NAVIGATION
SPECIFICATION
2
Example: RNAV 1 Specification
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PERFORMANCE Functionalities
Navigation Sensors
Air crew requirements
RNAV 1 APPLICATION
NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE
ICAO RNAV 1 SPECIFICATION
Navigation Sensors (1) DME/DME/IRU (2) DME/DME (3) GNSS
(1) DME (2) DME (3) GPS
E.G: RNAV 1 Specification (A)
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1
2 3
STATE (A) RNAV 1
APPLICATION
NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE
STATE (A) RNAV 1
SPECIFICATION
Navigation Sensors
(3) GNSS (3) GPS
State A
E.G: RNAV 1 Specification (B)
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1
2 3
STATE (B) RNAV 1
APPLICATION
NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE
STATE (B) RNAV 1
SPECIFICATION
Navigation Sensors (1) DME/DME/IRU (1) DME (2) DME/DME (2) DME
State B
ICAO 2012 Flight Plan & PBN Example of RNAV 1
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In Item 10: R = PBN levels that can be met are shown in Item 18 of FPL
In Item 18:
PBN in Context: Part of the Solution
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NAVIGATION APPLICATION
NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE
NAVIGATION SPECIFICATION
COM NAV SUR ATM
PBN
Airspace Concept (Operational Concept)
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What’s new with PBN
✈ Certified RNAV system needed
✈ Operational approval needed
✈ Different sensors can be used to achieve the same performance
Benefits of PBN
✈ Transition to a total RNAV environment ✈ Flight efficiency, optimise airspace etc
✈ PBN systematises RNAV ✈Avoid proliferation of standards (costs for certification)
✈ RNP allows increased reliance on RNAV ✈Closer routes ✈Avoid need to cross check against point source Nav aids
(e.g. VOR) ✈ Infrastructure
✈Dense airspace – if GNSS dual constellation or DME/DME available, VOR and NDB can be decommissioned
✈ Low traffic volumes – single constellation GNSS may be acceptable
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Concept Summary
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RNAV RNP
NAVIGATION SPECIFICATION
Concept Summary
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RNAV RNP
NAVIGATION APPLICATION
Thank you
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