Introduction to PBN (Performance Based Navigation)

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Overview

✈ Learning Objectives: ✈ Understand PBN concept ✈ Understand how to improve operational efficiency and airspace capacity

through correct use of PBN ✈ This presentation will discuss

✈ Navigation in context ✈ Evolution to Performance Based Navigation ✈ Performance Based Navigation

✈ What Is PBN? ✈ What is Area Navigation (RNAV)? ✈ What is Required Navigation Performance (RNP)? ✈ What is the Key Difference?

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Navigation in Context

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Air Traffic Management

Communications

Navigation

Surveillance

CNS/ATM

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Evolution to PBN – RNP

✈ RNP concept ✈ Initially defined by ICAO Special Committee on Future Air Navigation

Systems (FANS) for “Required Navigation Performance Capability” (RNPC)

✈ Refined by ICAO Review of the General Concept of Separation Panel to “Required Navigation Performance” (RNP)

✈ ICAO Doc 9613 Manual on Required Navigation Performance (First Edition 1993) ✈ RNP: “A statement of the navigation performance necessary for operation within a

defined airspace”

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Evolution to PBN – Why?

B-RNAV

P-RNAV

US-RNAV

RNP10

RNP 4

RNP/RNAV

Boeing Europe

US

Australia

Canada

South America

China

Japan

Airbus

Russia Other States-Regions

India

RNAV and RNP

Globally applicable navigation applications required. RNP majored on accuracy.

Implementations need specific functionality as well as accuracy.

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Evolution to PBN – a new definition

Navigation based on

specified system performance requirements for aircraft operating on a air traffic route,

instrument approach procedure, or

in a designated airspace

Components of PBN Concept

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1

3

2

NAVIGATION APPLICATION

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NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE

1 NAVIGATION

SPECIFICATION

2

Components of PBN Concept

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1

3

2

NAVIGATION APPLICATION

3

NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE

1 NAVIGATION

SPECIFICATION

2

Components of PBN Concept - Navaid Infrastructure -

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Ground-based Navigation Aids (Navaids) VOR; DME; (Not NDB)

Space-based Navaids GNSS

• GPS; Glonass; future Galileo

2 NAVAID

INFRASTRUCTURE

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Components of PBN Concept

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1

3

2

NAVIGATION APPLICATION

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NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE

1 NAVIGATION

SPECIFICATION

2

Components of PBN Concept - Navigation Specification -

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What PERFORMANCE is required of the RNAV system?

What Functionalities must RNAV system have to achieve Performance

What Navigation Sensors must be integrated in RNAV system to achieve Performance

What requirements are placed on the Air crew to achieve the required Performance from the RNAV system?

3 NAVIGATION

SPECIFICATION

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Document used by State as basis for developing Certification & Operational Approval

International Navigation Specifications published in Volume II of PBN Manual

Accuracy Integrity

Continuity

Aim is to limit number

of Nav. Specs in global use

Components of PBN Concept - Navigation Specification -

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PERFORMANCE

Functionalities

Navigation Sensors

Air crew requirements

3 NAVIGATION

SPECIFICATION

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Previous RNP

Concept

Document used by State as basis for developing Certification & Operational Approval

International Navigation Specifications published in Volume II of PBN Manual

Components of PBN Concept - Navigation Specification -

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RNAV System PERFORMANCE

3 NAVIGATION

SPECIFICATION

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Document used by State as basis for Certification & Operational Approval

International NS in Volume II of PBN Manual

RNAV RNP On-Board performance Monitoring and Alerting

Accuracy Integrity

Continuity

Components of PBN Concept - Navigation Specification -

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✈ On-board performance monitoring and alerting allows the air crew to detect that the RNP system is not achieving the navigation performance required of the RNP system

RNAV RNP

On-Board performance Monitoring and Alerting

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RNAV and RNP

RNP 1

1 Nautical Mile 95% of flight time

1 Nautical Mile 95% of flight time

Track Centerline

2*RNP Alert to Pilot

The Key Extra Ingredient: On-Board Performance Monitoring and Alerting

RNAV 1

RNP is not different from RNAV: it is more than RNAV

Components of PBN Concept - Standardized Navigation Specification -

DesignationRNP with additional requirements to be

determined (e.g. 3D, 4D etc)

Designation RNAV 5RNAV 2RNAV 1

Designation

B-RNP 1

RNP AR APCHfor various phases of

flight

RNP 2*

A-RNP*RNP 0.3*

RNP APCH*

Designation RNAV 10

For Oceanic and Remote Continental navigation

applications For En Route & Terminal navigation applications

Designation RNP 4

For Oceanic & Remote Continental navigation

applications

* Under development

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ICAO NAVIGATION

SPECIFICATIONS

International NS in Volume II of PBN Manual

RNAV SPECIFICATIONS RNP SPECIFICATIONS

Components of PBN Concept - Designation -

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1 NAVIGATION APPLICATION

X RNAV RNP X 3 NAVIGATION

SPECIFICATION

RNP 1 RNAV 10 X RNAV RNP X

RNP 1 RNAV 10 2

NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE

RNAV 5

RNAV 5

RNP descriptor RNP APCH

RNP AR APCH

RNP APCH

RNP AR APCH

X = Navigation Accuracy in NM

Components of PBN Concept

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1

3

2

NAVIGATION APPLICATION

3

NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE

1 NAVIGATION

SPECIFICATION

2

Components of PBN Concept - Navigation Application -

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The APPLICATION (use of) the Navigation Specification and Navaid Infrastructure - For example: Routes based on RNAV and RNP Specifications (these rely on the Navaid Infrastructure); For example: SIDs/STARs based on RNAV and RNP Specifications; For example: Approach procedures based on RNP Specifications

1 NAVIGATION APPLICATION

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Airspace Design & PBN

✈ Separation minima in procedural environment;

✈ Configuration/proximity of ATS Routes (including SIDs, STARs, Holds and IAPs) for an airspace organisation.

✈ Determined in part, but not exclusively by

area navigation system performance stipulated in the Navigation Specification (required for operation in an airspace).

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•Accuracy •Integrity •Continuity

Components of PBN Concept

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1

3

2

NAVIGATION APPLICATION

3

NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE

1 NAVIGATION

SPECIFICATION

2

Example: RNAV 1 Specification

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PERFORMANCE Functionalities

Navigation Sensors

Air crew requirements

RNAV 1 APPLICATION

NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE

ICAO RNAV 1 SPECIFICATION

Navigation Sensors (1) DME/DME/IRU (2) DME/DME (3) GNSS

(1) DME (2) DME (3) GPS

E.G: RNAV 1 Specification (A)

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1

2 3

STATE (A) RNAV 1

APPLICATION

NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE

STATE (A) RNAV 1

SPECIFICATION

Navigation Sensors

(3) GNSS (3) GPS

State A

E.G: RNAV 1 Specification (B)

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1

2 3

STATE (B) RNAV 1

APPLICATION

NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE

STATE (B) RNAV 1

SPECIFICATION

Navigation Sensors (1) DME/DME/IRU (1) DME (2) DME/DME (2) DME

State B

ICAO 2012 Flight Plan & PBN Example of RNAV 1

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In Item 10: R = PBN levels that can be met are shown in Item 18 of FPL

In Item 18:

PBN in Context: Part of the Solution

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NAVIGATION APPLICATION

NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE

NAVIGATION SPECIFICATION

COM NAV SUR ATM

PBN

Airspace Concept (Operational Concept)

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What’s new with PBN

✈ Certified RNAV system needed

✈ Operational approval needed

✈ Different sensors can be used to achieve the same performance

Benefits of PBN

✈ Transition to a total RNAV environment ✈ Flight efficiency, optimise airspace etc

✈ PBN systematises RNAV ✈Avoid proliferation of standards (costs for certification)

✈ RNP allows increased reliance on RNAV ✈Closer routes ✈Avoid need to cross check against point source Nav aids

(e.g. VOR) ✈ Infrastructure

✈Dense airspace – if GNSS dual constellation or DME/DME available, VOR and NDB can be decommissioned

✈ Low traffic volumes – single constellation GNSS may be acceptable

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Concept Summary

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RNAV RNP

NAVIGATION SPECIFICATION

Concept Summary

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RNAV RNP

NAVIGATION APPLICATION

Thank you

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