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WhyStudyHuman-ComputerInteraction(HCI)andSoftwareEngineering?
• Virtuallyall“real”systemshaveaHCI– Graphicaluserinterfaces(GUI)ondesktops,laptops,webapplications
– Embedded“smart”devices,non-traditionalinterfaces
• BadUI’scost:– Money(yourproductwillbeaflop)– Safety(vehiclescrash,medicalequipmentmis-used)
HCIisMultidisciplinary,including:• SoftwareEngineering/ComputerScience• Psychology/CognitiveScience
– Knowledgeofuser’sperceptual,cognitive,problem-solvingskills• Ergonomics
– Knowledgeofdesigntoaccommodatetheuser’sphysicalandcognitiveabilities• Sociology
– Helpstounderstandthewidercontextoftheinteraction• Business
– Marketsthesystem,determinesthevalue• GraphicDesign
– Designstheuserinterface(element)presentations-aesthetics• Communications
– Technicalwritingtoproducetrainingmaterials,manuals,etc.– Effectiveinformationinteraction
PsychologyandCognitiveScience
• HCIbasedonpsychologyandcognitivescienceprinciples
“Usabilityguidelinesliveforalongtime;usabilitymethodsliveevenlonger.Humanbehaviorchangesmuchmoreslowlythanthetechnologyweallfindsofascinating,andthebestapproachestostudyingthisbehaviorhardlychangeatall.”
JakobNielsen
WhoBuildsInterfaces?
• Ideally:Amultidisciplinaryteamofspecialists– Graphicdesigners– UXinteractiondesigners– Ergonomicspecialists– Technicalwriters– Marketers– Softwareengineers– Customersandusers
ChangingConceptofComputingandInteraction
14
• �Theworldisnotadesktop�—Tscheligi,2005(paraphrasingMarkWeiser)
• Usability– Helpnovicesbecomeexperts– Helpexpertsbehighlyproductive
• Progressionfromnarrowfocusontaskperformancetoentireuserexperience– Emotion,socialandculturalimplications– Fun,style,art– Branding,reputation– Political,social,personalconnection
• InteractionintheUXcontextisbroad…• Seeing,touching,andthinkingaboutsystemor
product• Admirationandanticipationbeforeanyphysical
interaction• Entireexperienceduringinteraction• Savoringmemoryafterinteraction
ProgressingfromUsabilitytoUX
• Directmanipulation,clickon�+�or�-�icon
18 Copyright MKP. All rights reserved.
ProgressingfromUsabilitytoUX
• Embodied,fingergesture(multi-touch)
• Makesyourealizethatdirectmanipulationwithamouseisnotsodirect
19 Copyright MKP. All rights reserved.
ProgressingfromUsabilitytoUX
ComponentsofUX
• Usability– Learnability,memorability,efficiency/productivity,understandability/errors,usersatisfaction
• Usefulness– Systemfunctionality…– Givesabilitytousesystemorproducttoaccomplishgoalsofwork(orplay)
• Emotionalimpact– Aboutuserfeelings:engagement,self-identity,aesthetics,“coolness”factor,joyofuse
– (Relatestousersatisfaction) Enjoyment is fundamental to life.
Hassenzahl, Beu, and Burmester
MeasuringUX
• Hardtomeasuredirectly• Usabilityandusefulnessevaluation• Emotionalimpactmorechallenging
– EstimateUXviaqualitativeandquantitativeindicators
– Qualitativeinterviews,surveys,observationtounderstandbefore,during,afterexperience
Activity:DifficulttouseProducts?
• Thinkaboutaproductthatyouhavefoundtobedifficulttouse:– Whatwasthedifficultyandtheconsequencesoftheproductbeingdifficult?
– Whatdoyouthinkcontributestoorcausesthedifficulty?
• Nowthinkofaproductyoureallyliketouse!“It is easy to write software that is hard to use and hard to write software that is easy to use”
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