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Analysis of Emotional Intelligence and its Impact on Stress Management: A Study of
Woman Nurses in Private Hospitals in Chennai
Dr. V. Rohini
Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies
Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai – 601 105
Dr.A.R.Nithya
Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, Saveetha Engineering College
Thandalam, Chennai – 601 105
ABSTRACT
The world today is experiencing a change more deep and far reaching than any
experienced since the beginning of the modern age. The transformations do represent a shift
from traditional intelligence to new paradigm of emotional intelligence. The Healthcare industry
is characterized by phenomenal and increasingly rapid change. Nursing is a tough profession. It
is physically, mentally, and emotionally draining at times. Night shift, critical patient care,
extended work hours and fatigue, workload issues, etc. are some of the issues faced by the
Nurses in the private hospitals. Such hectic and demanding work routines can easily stress out
individuals. This could bring disturbed emotional state of mind, which finally affects the
performance and quality of the work produced. Proper application of Emotional Intelligence in
the workplace leads to effective management of Stress.The purpose of this study is to analyse
the components of Emotional Intelligence and its impact on Stress Management of Woman
Nurses working in various private hospitals in Chennai. The study was descriptive and
explorative in nature. The combination of qualitative and quantitative study was conducted in
Healthcare Organisations in Chennai. Sample of 100 woman nurses were selected and surveyed
through structured questionnaire. A Snowball Sampling Method of Non-Probability Sampling
was employed. Descriptive and Inferential statistical tools were applied to analyse the data. The
results show that the four components i.e., Appraisal of Self-Emotion, Appraisal of Other‟s
Emotion, Regulation of Emotion and Usage of Emotion contribute to Emotional Intelligence.
Out of four components, Usage of Emotion strongly influences the Emotional Intelligence than
others. Emotional Intelligence has strong impact on Stress Management. It is suggested that
management of Healthcare Organisations should focus their attention to improve the level of
Emotional Intelligence of their employees in order to increase the work performance and this
would also help to manage the occupational stress effectively.
Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Appraisal of Self-Emotion, Appraisal of Other‟s Emotion,
Regulation of Emotion, Usage of Emotion, Stress Management.
INTRODUCTION
The world of work is changing rapidly on a daily basis. To deliver best performance,
employees today are required to be much more involved in their work, not only physically, but
also emotionally and mentally (Turner, Barling&Zacharatos, 2002). In order to survive and
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 118 No. 20 2018, 641-655ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu
641
to retain a competitive edge, organisations especially service based organisations put constant
pressure on their employees to perform. This pressure is evident within the environment of
private hospitals where the need for quality of service delivery, patient care, etc. is enormous.
The increasing complexities both in business as well as in human behavior have created the
need for not only people with high Intelligent Quotient (IQ) but people with high Emotional
Quotient (EQ) also. Emotional Intelligence is the capability to understand ones emotions and
inspire, influence and understand other people‟s emotions. The way a person feels affects the
way he behaves and the way he/she behaves will not only have the relationship with his/her
achievements, but also affects the performance of those around him/her. Many organizations are
recognizing the significance of Emotional Intelligence at their workplace as well as in their
work outcomes. In human services, the performance of service occupations is inherent to strain
and emotions which may lead to sense of stress. Stress is an inevitable part of today‟s fast life.
It is a mental pain caused to employees in their work area due to the work they perform. When
stress builds up in an individual, it decreases his ability, his concentration and his performance
reduces considerably. Stress not only affects an individual‟s work, but also affects his health
largely. Hence, the management of stress is vital not only to reduce the stress but also to
increase the performance. The Indian healthcare sector is growing at a brisk pace due to its
strengthening coverage, services and increasing expenditure by public as well private players.
The Healthcare Industry is one example where emotional intelligence can be better developed to
improve individual, team and work outcomes and manage Stress.In this background, this study
analyses the components of Emotional Intelligence and its impact on Stress Management of
Woman Nurses in Private Hospitals in Chennai.
PROFILE OF INDIAN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY
Indian healthcare has leveraged the scientific and technological developments of the
West and changed them to the social and economic fabric of this diverse country. Healthcare
sector is rapidly contributing to both employment as well as revenue. It is expected to grow up
to INR1,230,800 crore by 2020 from INR669,500 crore in 2015 at a Compound Annual Growth
Rate (CAGR) of 13 per cent. (Source: India Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare Report, 2016)
India added 450 million people over the 25 years to 2016, a period during which the
proportion of people living in poverty fell by half. This period of rising prosperity has been
marked by a "dual disease burden", a continuing rise in communicable diseases and a spurt in
non-communicable or "lifestyle" diseases, which accounted for half of all deaths in 2015, up
from 42 percent in 2001-03. The result of this disease burden on a growing and ageing
population, economic development and increasing health awareness is a healthcare industry that
has grown to $81.3 billion (Rs 54,086 lakh crore) in 2013 and is now projected to grow to 17
percent by 2020, up from 11 percent in 1990. Research by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India
indicates the size of the industry will reach $160 billion by 2017 and $280 billion by 2020.
However, despite this growth, India‟s healthcare sector faces numerous challenges in trying to
effectively serve its 1.3 billion population. The revenue of India‟s corporate healthcare sector is
estimated to grow at 15 per cent in FY 2017-18. India is experiencing 22-25 per cent growth in
medical tourism and the industry is expected to double its size from present (April 2017) US$ 3
billion to US$ 6 billion by 2018. Medical tourist arrivals in India increased more than 50 per
cent to 200,000 in 2016 from 130,000 in 2015.India has emerged as a hub for R&D activities
for international players due to its relatively low cost of clinical research. (Source: IBEF
Report, Sept. 2017 (www.ibef.org))
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
642
The world today is experiencing a change more deep and far reaching than any
experienced since the beginning of the modern age. The transformations do represent a shift
from traditional intelligence to new paradigm of emotional intelligence. The Healthcare industry
is characterized by phenomenal and increasingly rapid change. Nursing is a tough profession. It
is physically, mentally, and emotionally draining at times. Mental satisfaction plays an
important role in having stable emotional state. Night shift, critical patient care, extended work
hours and fatigue,workload issues, workplace environmental issues, workplace systems, and
workplace communication and other barriers to effective communication among care team
members, etc. are some of the issues faced by the Nurses in the private hospitals. Such hectic
and demanding work routines can easily stress out individuals. This could bring disturbed
emotional state of mind, which finally affects the performance and quality of the work
produced. Even very unnoticeable stress, situations greatly affect the quality of the product and
services delivered. The impact of this is a major change in the complexity of hospital
environment and demands for effective employee profiles that are no longer solely focused on a
set of narrowly defined skills suited specifically to an occupation, such as analytical abilities,
caring nature, empathy, etc., and the ability to carry out the function of the position.
Accompanying these situations is an increasing need for employees to have good social skills,
to be able to manage conflict effectively and to cope with stress and tension appropriately in the
workplace. To deal with these challenges employees need not only technical skills but other
skills commonly known as emotional skills, as explained by Goleman (1998). The personal and
social competencies in Emotional Intelligence (EI) enhance an individual‟s high technical and
functional expertise and for Healthcare employees (nurses), Emotional Intelligence means a
balance of technical and emotional considerations to problem solving situations and reducing
stress.
Every research starts with the problem, the basic element of research that helps to
transform an idea into concrete research operations. A problem is an intellectual stimuli calling
for an answer in the form of scientific inquiry. The present study is an attempt to identify and
analyse the components and level of Emotional Intelligence among the Nurses in the workplace
and its effect on their Stress Management in Private Hospitals in Chennai.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The Objectives refer to the questions to be answered through the study. They indicate
what researcher trying to get from the study. The objectives of this study is to analyse the
components of Emotional Intelligence. This study also analyse the impact of emotional
intelligence on stress management of woman nurses in private hospitals in Chennai.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Every organization aims to reach at the level of optimum productivity. Certainly, skillful
and competent human force is one of the most important elements that help organization to
achieve their goals, because human force plays a noteworthy role in changing the level of
productivity. The management of healthcare organizations are increasingly interested in ways to
attract, retain, and gain commitment from their employees. This interest is created in part
because high turnover rates and the lack of commitment negatively affect the provision of care
and the bottom line in their organizations. In a quality and cost conscious healthcare
environment, healthcare management needs to find effective, efficient and sustainable solutions
for these difficult issues.Emotional intelligence is a topic of growing interest in organizations
and research. Most people in organizations today undergo motions of crumbling trust, jarring
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
643
uncertainty, stifled creativity, distance between managers and co-workers, and vanishing loyalty
and commitment and affected by severe occupational stress. Stress is a mental pain caused to
employees in their work area due to the work they perform. Either organizations are ignorant of
these symptoms or do not want to recognize them (majority of the times), as they would have to
do something about it. Emotional intelligence calls for recognizing and understanding of these
issues in organizations. Emotional intelligence is a set of acquired skills and competencies that
predict positive outcomes at home with one‟s family, in public place, and at work. People who
possess these are healthier, less stressed and depressed, more productive at work, and have
better relationships. The understanding of emotional intelligence of Healthcare employees
(Nurses) is more useful for the management of the Healthcare Organisations (hospitals) in order
to create a good and stress free atmosphere for the workers and also get better work
performance from their employees. The research has been conducted to see the link between the
Emotional Intelligence of the Nurses and its effect on their stress management in private
hospital environment. The study is significant to two areas, level of emotional intelligence and
its effect on stress management. The research provided an opportunity to add new knowledge to
the emotional intelligence concept as it applies to stress management of employees in
Healthcare Sector.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Scope of study is a general outline of what the study will cover. The focal point of the
study is to analyse the various components of Emotional Intelligence and its impact on Stress
Management of Nurses in selected Private Hospitals in Chennai. The analysis, findings,
suggestions and conclusion of the present study conducted by the researcher will be of immense
use for the Hospitals/Healthcare Organisations as well as Healthcare Employees in India as well
as other parts of the world and this study is also more useful for future researcher with similar
studies in this nature. This study is limited to the perception of woman Nurses working in
private hospitals in Chennai. The scope of study is confined within Chennai district. This study
is conducted to suggest some measures to improve the present hospital working environment for
the purpose of effective management of Stress and increasing the work performance of nurses.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Nina Ogniska (2005) confirmed an essential, but not very strong, the role of emotional
intelligence in perceiving occupational stress and preventing employees of human services from
negative health outcomes. The ability to effectively deal with emotions and emotional
information in work place assists employees in coping with occupational stress. Therefore, it
should be developed in stress managing trainings. The highly stressed intense but confused
participants in particular because they have average emotional intelligence, but don‟t appear to
use it, presumable because they lack confidence in their emotional ability.
Studies conducted by Montes-Berges et al., (2007) with nursing students have shown
that Emotional Intelligence is a skill that minimises the negative consequences of stress. They
examined the role of measured by the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, in the use of stress coping
strategies in the mental health of nursing students, and in the quality & quantity of social
support. The results showed positive correlations between social support and repair, clarity and
social support, and mental health and social support. Hierarchy regression analysis pointed out
that emotional repair is the main predictor of mental health, and emotional and clarity repair are
predictors of social support. These results display the importance of perceived emotional
intelligence (PEI) in coping of stress within the nursing framework.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
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Saddam Hussain Rahim (2008) found that Emotional Intelligence competencies have
the profound impact on stress the psychological problems of employees and seeks to the
solutions in the light of EI competencies have a positive and strong impact on stress. The
emotional intelligence is very important factor for prediction of teachers‟ health and also the
correlation of emotional intelligence and occupational stress is significant.
Singh and Singh (2008) examined the relationship as well as the impact of emotional
intelligence on to the perception of role stress of medical professionals in their organizational
lives. The study was conducted on a sample size of 312 medical professionals consisting of 174
male and 138 female doctors working for privately managed professional hospital
organizations. The findings of the study indicated no significant difference in the level of
emotional intelligence and perceived role stress between genders, but significantly negative
relationships of emotional intelligence with organizational role stress for both the genders and
the medical professionals as a whole.
Ismail, Suh-Suh, Ajis and Dollah (2009) carried out a study to examine the effect of
emotional intelligence in the association between job performance and occupational stress. The
result of the research clearly stated that association between emotional intelligence and
occupational stress significantly correlated with job performance. Statistically, the outcome of
study confirmed that the inclusion of emotional intelligence in the analysis mediated the effect
of job stress on performance of job.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Emotional intelligence is the “capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of
others, motivating ourselves and managing emotions well, in ourselves and in our
relationships‟. John Mayer and Peter Salovey coined the term Emotional Intelligence and they
have been most influential in its scientific genesis. According to Salovey and Mayer (1990),
emotional intelligence includes an "ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and
emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one's thinking and
actions". The current wide spread interest in the topic has been fuelled by the publication of
Daniel Goleman’s seminal book Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than
IQin 1995.Emotional intelligence is a concept based on individuals‟ abilities to understand and
regulate their own emotions and those of others (Mayer & Salovey, 1997). It emerged as a
concept referring to intelligent behaviours in dealing with emotional related issues. A person
with high emotional intelligence will not only understand, manage and accommodate the
emotions of self and others but also alleviate emotional disturbances and anxieties and manage
stress, which will contribute considerably to productivity and performance at the workplace on
both personal and organizational level.
STRESS MANAGEMENT
Stress refers to a set of physical responses caused by internal (cognitive) or external
(environmental) stimuli. Stress is a mental pain caused to employees in their work area due to
the work they perform. When stress becomes excessive, employees develop various symptoms
that can harm their job performance and health and even threaten their ability to cope with the
environment.Stress can reduce an employee‟s performance and decrease his overall productivity
to a large extent. Some try to adopt an approach strategy, which means taking stress as a
challenge and overcoming it in a positive manner, while some go for avoidance strategy in
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
645
which they show escapist behavior.The organization should take some steps to minimize the
stress of employees by giving good training and prior instruction regarding the work they have
to perform. Proper relationship should exist between the superiors and subordinates. Good work
environment should be maintained. Every organization should try at most to control stress
among employees as far as possible, because it reduces the employee‟s ability that leads to the
downfall of the organization. Management of Emotional Intelligence would lead to management
of stress.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The detailed methodology of the research has been described based on research design,
sampling design, data collection method and analysis. From the viewpoint of function, it is a
descriptive as well as analytical research because here we discuss the perception on the
components emotional intelligence and analyse its impact on stress management. From the
viewpoint of data nature, it is both qualitative and quantitative research. From the viewpoint of
research place, it is a survey research because the data used in this research was gathered from
the Nurses of various Private Hospitals in Chennai district. A survey design was used to obtain
the required information. The population for this research comprises of nurses working in
various healthcare organizations. The study covered only the Private Healthcare organizations
(Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Healthcare Centre, etc.) in Chennai. Chennai district comprising
North Chennai, Central Chennai and South Chennai was selected for this research.
Questionnaire, Personal Interview and Observation techniques were used to collect the
Primary data relating to the various aspects of emotional intelligence that exist in the healthcare
organizations and its impact on stress management. Secondary data relating to Theoretical
concepts and Profile of Healthcare Industry were also collected from different Newspapers,
Journals, Magazines, Reports, Books, Research Articles, Internet websites, etc. A sample size of
100 was finalized for this study. Snowball Sampling, a type of Non-Probability Sampling
technique was used to gather data from the respondents. The data were collected during the
month of April, May and June 2017.Various statistical tools like Percentage Analysis, Mean
Analysis, Independent Sample „t‟ test, Correlation and Multiple Regression were used to
analyse the data. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for the
statistical analysis.
DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
The data, after collection, has to be processed and analyzed in accordance with the
outline laid down for the purpose at the time of developing the research plan. Analysis has been
done through various statistical tools to understand the outcomes with reference to the
objectives and hypothesis. In order to analyze and give the proper interpretation of data various
statistical tools (descriptive as well as inferential) are used.
1. DEMOGRAPHIC & JOB PROFILE
TABLE 2
Demographic& Job Profile
(Sample Size = 100)
VARIABLES OPTIONS FREQUENCIES (%)
Marital Status Married
Unmarried
54
46
54.00
46.00
Age 19 – 40 Years Open ended 68.00
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
646
41 - 52 Years Question (Scale
Variable)
32.00
Qualification School
Level/Diploma
UG / PG
59
41
59.00
41.00
Monthly
Income (INR)
Upto Rs.10,000
Rs.10,001 –
Rs.20,000
Above Rs.20,000
47
36
17
47.00
36.00
17.00
Job Experience 1 – 5 Years
6 – 10 Years
11 – 18 Years
Open ended
Question (Scale
Variable)
72.00
18.00
10.00
Working Shift
General / Day
shift
Night shift
Rotating Shift
36
45
19
36.00
45.00
19.00
Source: Primary Data
INTERPRETATION
From the above table, it is inferred that Married respondents (54%) are more than
unmarried respondents. In terms of Age of the respondents 68% of them belong to the age
group of 19 – 40 Years. 59% of them have School level/Diploma education and remaining 41%
of them are Under/Post Graduates. In terms of Monthly Income, 47% of the respondents are
earning upto Rs.10,000. 72% of the respondents have 1 – 5 years‟ of job experience. 45% of
them are working in Night Shifts.
2. COMPONENTS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE – MEAN ANALYSIS
TABLE 3
Components of Emotional Intelligence
Descriptive Statistics
VARIABLES N Mean SD
Appraisal of Self-Emotion 100 9.76 4.352
Appraisal of Other’s Emotion 100 9.12 4.611
Regulation of Emotion 100 10.89 3.822
Usage of Emotion 100 11.28 3.561
OVERALL EI SCORE 100 41.05 4.653
Source: Primary Data
INTERPRETATION
Twelve Questions relating to four aspects of Emotional Intelligence(3 questions for each
aspect) based on 5 point Likert scale, (Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree) were given in the
questionnaire. Nurses‟ Perception on these aspects is measured by using descriptive
statistics.From the above table, it is inferred that the employees perception on Usage of Emotion
(M = 11.28) is more than others and on Appraisal of Others‟ Emotion is lesser than others. It is
also inferred that the Nurses‟ Perception on four aspects of Emotional Intelligence is above the
average level since the all Mean values are above 9 (60%) out of 15. The Overall Mean Score
of the Nurses‟ Perception on Emotional IntelligenceinPrivate Hospitals is 41.05. This is above
68% (41.05 / 60 x 100 = 68.42%). This indicates that the Nurses‟ Perception on Emotional
Intelligence inPrivate Hospitals is above 68%.
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3. INDEPENDENT SAMPLE ‘t’ TEST - ANALYSIS
H0: There is no significant difference between the Married and Unmarried respondents
with respect to the Emotional Intelligence.
TABLE 4
MARITAL STATUS – EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
VARIABLES
MARITAL STATUS – EI
t -
valu
e
p -
value MARRIED UNMARRIED
N Mean SD
N Mean SD
Appraisal of Self-Emotion 54
10.2
2
3.61
5
4
6
9.26 3.98
4
4.59
8
0.000*
*
Appraisal of Other’s
Emotion 54 9.58 4.26
9
46 10.2
2
3.41
2
3.24
5 0.018*
Regulation of Emotion 54 11.2
7
3.38
7
46 10.4
9
4.32
4
3.53
6 0.010*
Usage of Emotion 54 12.4
6
2.53
4
46 11.2
0
3.23
3
3.93
6
0.002*
*
OVERALL EI SCORE 54 43.5
3
5.64
7
46 41.1
7
6.23
8
4.13
3
0.000*
*
Source: Primary Data
(** 1% Level of Significance) (* 5% Level of Significance)
INTERPRETATION
An independent-samples t-test was conducted to compare the difference between the
Married and Unmarried respondents with respect to the various Components of Emotional
Intelligence. As the P values are lesser than Sig. Value (0.01 and 0.05) in all the cases, the Null
Hypotheses are rejected.
Based on the mean scores, we can say that the Overall Mean Score of Emotional
Intelligence for Married respondents (M = 43.53) is more than Unmarried respondents (M =
40.17). This indicates that the Married respondents have more perception on the various
Components of Emotional Intelligence than the Unmarried respondents. The married and
Unmarried respondents (M = 12.46 for male and M = 11.20 for Unmarried) have more
perception on Usage of Emotion when compared with other components of Emotional
Intelligence. Hence, it is concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between the
Married and Unmarried respondents with respect to the Emotional Intelligence.
4. CORRELATION ANALYSIS
H0: There is no significant relationship between the Components of Emotional
Intelligence andEmotional Intelligence of Nurses.
A Pearson product-moment correlation was run to determine the relationship between
the Appraisal of Self-Emotion, Appraisal of Other‟s Emotion, Regulation of Emotion and Usage
of Emotion and Emotional Intelligence of Nurses.
TABLE 5
EI COMPONENTS –EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
VARIABLES N ‘r’ P - RELATIO REMARKS
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648
VALU
E
VALU
E
NSHIP SIGNIFICAN
T RESULT
Appraisal of Self-
Emotion –
Emotional
Intelligence
10
0
0.561*
* 0.000 Positive Significant
REJECTE
D
Appraisal of
Other’s Emotion
– Emotional
Intelligence
10
0
0.502*
* 0.000 Positive Significant
REJECTE
D
Regulation of
Emotion –
Emotional
Intelligence
10
0
0.636*
* 0.000 Positive Significant
REJECTE
D
Usage of Emotion
– Emotional
Intelligence
10
0
0.752*
* 0.000 Positive Significant
REJECTE
D
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
INTERPRETATION
As the P value is lesser than Sig. Value (0.01) in all the above cases, the Null
Hypotheses are rejected. There are moderate to high positive correlations between the
Appraisal of Self-Emotion, Appraisal of Other‟s Emotion, Regulation of Emotion and Usage of
Emotion and Emotional Intelligence of Nurses.
Out of four Components of EI, the relationship between Usage of Emotion and
Emotional Intelligence(r = 0.752) is more than others and Appraisal of Other‟s Emotion has
lesser relationship with Emotional Intelligence (r = 0.502) than others. It is inferred that Usage
of Emotion has strong influence on Emotional Intelligence of Nurses. Hence, there is a
significant relationship between the Components of Emotional Intelligence and Emotional
Intelligence of Nurses.
H0: There is no significant relationship between the Components of Emotional
Intelligence and Stress Management of Nurses.
A Pearson product-moment correlation was run to determine the relationship between
the Appraisal of Self-Emotion, Appraisal of Other‟s Emotion, Regulation of Emotion and Usage
of Emotion and Stress Management of Nurses.
TABLE 6
COMPONENTS OF EI– STRESS MANAGEMENT
VARIABLES N
‘r’
VALU
E
P -
VALU
E
RELATIO
NSHIP
REMARKS
SIGNIFICAN
T RESULT
Appraisal of
Self-Emotion –
Stress
Management
100 0.667*
* 0.000 Positive Significant
REJECTE
D
Appraisal of
Other’s Emotion 100
0.502*
* 0.000 Positive Significant
REJECTE
D
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
649
– Stress
Management
Regulation of
Emotion – Stress
Management
100 0.713*
* 0.000 Positive Significant
REJECTE
D
Usage of
Emotion – Stress
Management
100 0.811*
* 0.000 Positive Significant
REJECTE
D
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
INTERPRETATION
As the P value is lesser than Sig. Value (0.01) in all the above cases, the Null
Hypotheses are rejected. There are moderate to high positive correlations between the
Appraisal of Self-Emotion, Appraisal of Other‟s Emotion, Regulation of Emotion and Usage of
Emotion and Stress Management of Nurses.
Out of four Components of EI, the relationship between Usage of Emotion and Stress
Management (r = 0.811) is more than others. It is inferred that Usage of Emotion has strong
impact on Stress Management of Nurses. It indicates that those who effectively using their
emotions, can manage the stress effectively. Hence, there is a significant relationship between
the Appraisal of Self-Emotion, Appraisal of Other‟s Emotion, Regulation of Emotion and Usage
of Emotion and Stress Management of Nurses.
H0: There is no significant relationship between the Level of Emotional Intelligence and
Stress Management of Nurses.
A Pearson product-moment correlation was run to determine the relationship between
the Emotional Intelligence and Stress Management of Nurses.
TABLE 7
LEVEL OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE – STRESS MANAGEMENT
VARIABLES N
‘r’
VALU
E
P -
VALU
E
RELATIO
NSHIP
REMARKS
SIGNIFICAN
T RESULT
Emotional
Intelligence –
Stress
Management
100 0.816*
* 0.000 Positive Significant
REJECT
ED
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
INTERPRETATION
As the P value is lesser than Sig. Value (0.01) in the above case, the Null Hypothesis is
rejected. There is a high positive correlation (r = 0.816) between the Emotional Intelligence and
Stress Management of Nurses.
5. MULTIPLE REGRESSION
Regression is the determination of statistical relationship between two or more variables.
Multiple regression analysis examines the strength of the linear relationship between a set of
independent variables and a single dependent variable (measured at the interval/ratio level).
Multiple Regression was conducted to determine the best linear combination of Appraisal of
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650
Self-Emotion, Appraisal of Other‟s Emotion, Regulation of Emotionand Usage of Emotionfor
predicting Emotional Intelligence of Nurses in Private Hospitals.
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651
TABLE 8
REGRESSION ANALYSIS - EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) .813 .554 2.392 .154
Appraisal of Self-Emotion .224 .032 .437 8.487 .000
Appraisal of Other’s
Emotion .251 .029 .382 7.249 .000
Regulation of Emotion .412 .022 .511 10.152 .000 Usage of Emotion .538 .018 .612 12.444 .000
Dependent Variable: EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Preliminary analyses were conducted to ensure no violation of the assumptions of
normality, linearity, multi-collinearity and homoscedasticity. The Means, Standard Deviations,
and inter-correlations can be found. This combination of all four variables significantly predicts
the dependent variable i.e., Emotional Intelligence, F (4, 95) = 439.611, p = .000 which is
lesser than .001 (Sig. Value 2-tailed) and Adjusted R Square = 0.669.
Out of four independent variables, Usage of Emotion (0.612) is the strongest influencing
factor which predicting dependent variable – Emotional Intelligence. The beta weights suggest
that the Usage of Emotion only contribute most (0.612 or 61%) to predict Emotional
Intelligence. Appraisal of Other‟s Emotioncontributes to Emotional Intelligence (0.382) lesser
than others.
LIMITATIONS AND DIRECTION FOR FUTURE STUDIES
The sample will be confined to 100 Woman Nurses of Private Hospitals. So this study
cannot be regarded as “full -proof” one. This study is confined to the selected woman Nurses
working in various private hospitals in Chennai only. Hence, the results of this study cannot be
generalized to the other parts of the state as well as other parts of India. Therefore, for
academics and researchers, further quantitative research is needed to identify the impact of
Emotional Intelligence on Stress Management using cross-district/state and cross-industry
applications to predict human behavior in various contexts. Upon this study, there may be some
suggestions for further studies. The scope of this research is Nurses who are working in Private
Hospitals in Chennai. Considering this fact, for the future studies, employees from different
categories like Doctors and healthcare employees from different cities (Places) may be chosen
and comparative studies might be carried out.
SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
In general, Emotional Intelligence contains the sort of skills, which are educable,
flexible, and variable in the course of time. This course of action, consequently, will increase
employees' ability to adopt with work place and facilitate proper work relationship that leads to
improving efficiency and job performance. This research provides information that could
benefit the human resources department of the Healthcare industry in better understanding the
needs and perception of employees.
From the study, it is found that demographic variable, marital status has an influence on
emotional intelligence of the nurses. The study showed that the married have scored higher
level of emotional intelligence than the unmarred. The research also showed that more than 68%
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of the respondents are younger and middle aged (19 – 40 Years) and 46% of them are
unmarried. Therefore, the management of healthcare organisations should formulate suitable
policies to improve the level of emotional intelligence among the young nurses who are
considerable employees in their organisations. The findings of the study pointed out a strong
relationship between emotional intelligence of nurses and Stress Management. Management of
healthcare organisations may use this information to help create a happy and work environment
and support and assist their employees in dealing with demands and challenges both on the job
and in their personal life.
The management should create a good work atmosphere through its organizational
policies (reward programs) that would influence employees‟ welfare in various ways (fringe
benefits, wellness programs, counseling and career advancement, etc.). By doing so, the
healthcare organisations may be able to maintain or improve their employees‟ performance.
The study showed that the out of four components of Emotional Intelligence, Usage of Emotion
has more impact on Emotional Intelligence as well as Stress Management of nurses. Hence,
Healthcare organizations should design and provide such training for nurses in order to apply
their emotions in reducing/managing their stress effectively and efficiently. Regular exercises,
mediation, Yoga and other soft skill practices can improve the emotional balance and reduce the
stress level of the healthcare employees.
CONCLUSION
The ability to manage and study emotions would seem to be an important skill for any
healthcare employee and might potentially enhance patient-centred care, improve the quality of
the professional-patient relationship, and increase patient levels of satisfaction. Improved
emotional intelligence skills will help an individual understand and manage the emotions of one
and others better which will lead to high quality service delivery. It is therefore imperative for
Healthcare management to strive to create a bridge between emotional intelligence and stress
management of their employees. Emotional intelligence is an effective way to integrate,
enhance and provide better work environment.
Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the four components i.e., Appraisal
of Self-Emotion, Appraisal of Other‟s Emotion, Regulation of Emotion and Usage of Emotion
contribute to Emotional Intelligence. Out of four components, Usage of Emotion strongly
influences the Emotional Intelligence than others. Emotional Intelligence has strong impact on
Stress Management. It is suggested that management of Healthcare Organisations should focus
their attention to improve the level of Emotional Intelligence of their employees in order to
increase the work performance and this would also help to manage the occupational stress
effectively.
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