International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics ... · marked by a "dual disease burden", a continuing rise in communicable diseases and a spurt in non -communicable or "lifestyle"

Analysis of Emotional Intelligence and its Impact on Stress Management: A Study of

Woman Nurses in Private Hospitals in Chennai

Dr. V. Rohini

Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies

Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai – 601 105

Dr.A.R.Nithya

Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, Saveetha Engineering College

Thandalam, Chennai – 601 105

ABSTRACT

The world today is experiencing a change more deep and far reaching than any

experienced since the beginning of the modern age. The transformations do represent a shift

from traditional intelligence to new paradigm of emotional intelligence. The Healthcare industry

is characterized by phenomenal and increasingly rapid change. Nursing is a tough profession. It

is physically, mentally, and emotionally draining at times. Night shift, critical patient care,

extended work hours and fatigue, workload issues, etc. are some of the issues faced by the

Nurses in the private hospitals. Such hectic and demanding work routines can easily stress out

individuals. This could bring disturbed emotional state of mind, which finally affects the

performance and quality of the work produced. Proper application of Emotional Intelligence in

the workplace leads to effective management of Stress.The purpose of this study is to analyse

the components of Emotional Intelligence and its impact on Stress Management of Woman

Nurses working in various private hospitals in Chennai. The study was descriptive and

explorative in nature. The combination of qualitative and quantitative study was conducted in

Healthcare Organisations in Chennai. Sample of 100 woman nurses were selected and surveyed

through structured questionnaire. A Snowball Sampling Method of Non-Probability Sampling

was employed. Descriptive and Inferential statistical tools were applied to analyse the data. The

results show that the four components i.e., Appraisal of Self-Emotion, Appraisal of Other‟s

Emotion, Regulation of Emotion and Usage of Emotion contribute to Emotional Intelligence.

Out of four components, Usage of Emotion strongly influences the Emotional Intelligence than

others. Emotional Intelligence has strong impact on Stress Management. It is suggested that

management of Healthcare Organisations should focus their attention to improve the level of

Emotional Intelligence of their employees in order to increase the work performance and this

would also help to manage the occupational stress effectively.

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Appraisal of Self-Emotion, Appraisal of Other‟s Emotion,

Regulation of Emotion, Usage of Emotion, Stress Management.

INTRODUCTION

The world of work is changing rapidly on a daily basis. To deliver best performance,

employees today are required to be much more involved in their work, not only physically, but

also emotionally and mentally (Turner, Barling&Zacharatos, 2002). In order to survive and

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 118 No. 20 2018, 641-655ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu

641

to retain a competitive edge, organisations especially service based organisations put constant

pressure on their employees to perform. This pressure is evident within the environment of

private hospitals where the need for quality of service delivery, patient care, etc. is enormous.

The increasing complexities both in business as well as in human behavior have created the

need for not only people with high Intelligent Quotient (IQ) but people with high Emotional

Quotient (EQ) also. Emotional Intelligence is the capability to understand ones emotions and

inspire, influence and understand other people‟s emotions. The way a person feels affects the

way he behaves and the way he/she behaves will not only have the relationship with his/her

achievements, but also affects the performance of those around him/her. Many organizations are

recognizing the significance of Emotional Intelligence at their workplace as well as in their

work outcomes. In human services, the performance of service occupations is inherent to strain

and emotions which may lead to sense of stress. Stress is an inevitable part of today‟s fast life.

It is a mental pain caused to employees in their work area due to the work they perform. When

stress builds up in an individual, it decreases his ability, his concentration and his performance

reduces considerably. Stress not only affects an individual‟s work, but also affects his health

largely. Hence, the management of stress is vital not only to reduce the stress but also to

increase the performance. The Indian healthcare sector is growing at a brisk pace due to its

strengthening coverage, services and increasing expenditure by public as well private players.

The Healthcare Industry is one example where emotional intelligence can be better developed to

improve individual, team and work outcomes and manage Stress.In this background, this study

analyses the components of Emotional Intelligence and its impact on Stress Management of

Woman Nurses in Private Hospitals in Chennai.

PROFILE OF INDIAN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY

Indian healthcare has leveraged the scientific and technological developments of the

West and changed them to the social and economic fabric of this diverse country. Healthcare

sector is rapidly contributing to both employment as well as revenue. It is expected to grow up

to INR1,230,800 crore by 2020 from INR669,500 crore in 2015 at a Compound Annual Growth

Rate (CAGR) of 13 per cent. (Source: India Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare Report, 2016)

India added 450 million people over the 25 years to 2016, a period during which the

proportion of people living in poverty fell by half. This period of rising prosperity has been

marked by a "dual disease burden", a continuing rise in communicable diseases and a spurt in

non-communicable or "lifestyle" diseases, which accounted for half of all deaths in 2015, up

from 42 percent in 2001-03. The result of this disease burden on a growing and ageing

population, economic development and increasing health awareness is a healthcare industry that

has grown to $81.3 billion (Rs 54,086 lakh crore) in 2013 and is now projected to grow to 17

percent by 2020, up from 11 percent in 1990. Research by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India

indicates the size of the industry will reach $160 billion by 2017 and $280 billion by 2020.

However, despite this growth, India‟s healthcare sector faces numerous challenges in trying to

effectively serve its 1.3 billion population. The revenue of India‟s corporate healthcare sector is

estimated to grow at 15 per cent in FY 2017-18. India is experiencing 22-25 per cent growth in

medical tourism and the industry is expected to double its size from present (April 2017) US$ 3

billion to US$ 6 billion by 2018. Medical tourist arrivals in India increased more than 50 per

cent to 200,000 in 2016 from 130,000 in 2015.India has emerged as a hub for R&D activities

for international players due to its relatively low cost of clinical research. (Source: IBEF

Report, Sept. 2017 (www.ibef.org))

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

642

The world today is experiencing a change more deep and far reaching than any

experienced since the beginning of the modern age. The transformations do represent a shift

from traditional intelligence to new paradigm of emotional intelligence. The Healthcare industry

is characterized by phenomenal and increasingly rapid change. Nursing is a tough profession. It

is physically, mentally, and emotionally draining at times. Mental satisfaction plays an

important role in having stable emotional state. Night shift, critical patient care, extended work

hours and fatigue,workload issues, workplace environmental issues, workplace systems, and

workplace communication and other barriers to effective communication among care team

members, etc. are some of the issues faced by the Nurses in the private hospitals. Such hectic

and demanding work routines can easily stress out individuals. This could bring disturbed

emotional state of mind, which finally affects the performance and quality of the work

produced. Even very unnoticeable stress, situations greatly affect the quality of the product and

services delivered. The impact of this is a major change in the complexity of hospital

environment and demands for effective employee profiles that are no longer solely focused on a

set of narrowly defined skills suited specifically to an occupation, such as analytical abilities,

caring nature, empathy, etc., and the ability to carry out the function of the position.

Accompanying these situations is an increasing need for employees to have good social skills,

to be able to manage conflict effectively and to cope with stress and tension appropriately in the

workplace. To deal with these challenges employees need not only technical skills but other

skills commonly known as emotional skills, as explained by Goleman (1998). The personal and

social competencies in Emotional Intelligence (EI) enhance an individual‟s high technical and

functional expertise and for Healthcare employees (nurses), Emotional Intelligence means a

balance of technical and emotional considerations to problem solving situations and reducing

stress.

Every research starts with the problem, the basic element of research that helps to

transform an idea into concrete research operations. A problem is an intellectual stimuli calling

for an answer in the form of scientific inquiry. The present study is an attempt to identify and

analyse the components and level of Emotional Intelligence among the Nurses in the workplace

and its effect on their Stress Management in Private Hospitals in Chennai.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The Objectives refer to the questions to be answered through the study. They indicate

what researcher trying to get from the study. The objectives of this study is to analyse the

components of Emotional Intelligence. This study also analyse the impact of emotional

intelligence on stress management of woman nurses in private hospitals in Chennai.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Every organization aims to reach at the level of optimum productivity. Certainly, skillful

and competent human force is one of the most important elements that help organization to

achieve their goals, because human force plays a noteworthy role in changing the level of

productivity. The management of healthcare organizations are increasingly interested in ways to

attract, retain, and gain commitment from their employees. This interest is created in part

because high turnover rates and the lack of commitment negatively affect the provision of care

and the bottom line in their organizations. In a quality and cost conscious healthcare

environment, healthcare management needs to find effective, efficient and sustainable solutions

for these difficult issues.Emotional intelligence is a topic of growing interest in organizations

and research. Most people in organizations today undergo motions of crumbling trust, jarring


643

uncertainty, stifled creativity, distance between managers and co-workers, and vanishing loyalty

and commitment and affected by severe occupational stress. Stress is a mental pain caused to

employees in their work area due to the work they perform. Either organizations are ignorant of

these symptoms or do not want to recognize them (majority of the times), as they would have to

do something about it. Emotional intelligence calls for recognizing and understanding of these

issues in organizations. Emotional intelligence is a set of acquired skills and competencies that

predict positive outcomes at home with one‟s family, in public place, and at work. People who

possess these are healthier, less stressed and depressed, more productive at work, and have

better relationships. The understanding of emotional intelligence of Healthcare employees

(Nurses) is more useful for the management of the Healthcare Organisations (hospitals) in order

to create a good and stress free atmosphere for the workers and also get better work

performance from their employees. The research has been conducted to see the link between the

Emotional Intelligence of the Nurses and its effect on their stress management in private

hospital environment. The study is significant to two areas, level of emotional intelligence and

its effect on stress management. The research provided an opportunity to add new knowledge to

the emotional intelligence concept as it applies to stress management of employees in

Healthcare Sector.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Scope of study is a general outline of what the study will cover. The focal point of the

study is to analyse the various components of Emotional Intelligence and its impact on Stress

Management of Nurses in selected Private Hospitals in Chennai. The analysis, findings,

suggestions and conclusion of the present study conducted by the researcher will be of immense

use for the Hospitals/Healthcare Organisations as well as Healthcare Employees in India as well

as other parts of the world and this study is also more useful for future researcher with similar

studies in this nature. This study is limited to the perception of woman Nurses working in

private hospitals in Chennai. The scope of study is confined within Chennai district. This study

is conducted to suggest some measures to improve the present hospital working environment for

the purpose of effective management of Stress and increasing the work performance of nurses.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Nina Ogniska (2005) confirmed an essential, but not very strong, the role of emotional

intelligence in perceiving occupational stress and preventing employees of human services from

negative health outcomes. The ability to effectively deal with emotions and emotional

information in work place assists employees in coping with occupational stress. Therefore, it

should be developed in stress managing trainings. The highly stressed intense but confused

participants in particular because they have average emotional intelligence, but don‟t appear to

use it, presumable because they lack confidence in their emotional ability.

Studies conducted by Montes-Berges et al., (2007) with nursing students have shown

that Emotional Intelligence is a skill that minimises the negative consequences of stress. They

examined the role of measured by the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, in the use of stress coping

strategies in the mental health of nursing students, and in the quality & quantity of social

support. The results showed positive correlations between social support and repair, clarity and

social support, and mental health and social support. Hierarchy regression analysis pointed out

that emotional repair is the main predictor of mental health, and emotional and clarity repair are

predictors of social support. These results display the importance of perceived emotional

intelligence (PEI) in coping of stress within the nursing framework.


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Saddam Hussain Rahim (2008) found that Emotional Intelligence competencies have

the profound impact on stress the psychological problems of employees and seeks to the

solutions in the light of EI competencies have a positive and strong impact on stress. The

emotional intelligence is very important factor for prediction of teachers‟ health and also the

correlation of emotional intelligence and occupational stress is significant.

Singh and Singh (2008) examined the relationship as well as the impact of emotional

intelligence on to the perception of role stress of medical professionals in their organizational

lives. The study was conducted on a sample size of 312 medical professionals consisting of 174

male and 138 female doctors working for privately managed professional hospital

organizations. The findings of the study indicated no significant difference in the level of

emotional intelligence and perceived role stress between genders, but significantly negative

relationships of emotional intelligence with organizational role stress for both the genders and

the medical professionals as a whole.

Ismail, Suh-Suh, Ajis and Dollah (2009) carried out a study to examine the effect of

emotional intelligence in the association between job performance and occupational stress. The

result of the research clearly stated that association between emotional intelligence and

occupational stress significantly correlated with job performance. Statistically, the outcome of

study confirmed that the inclusion of emotional intelligence in the analysis mediated the effect

of job stress on performance of job.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Emotional intelligence is the “capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of

others, motivating ourselves and managing emotions well, in ourselves and in our

relationships‟. John Mayer and Peter Salovey coined the term Emotional Intelligence and they

have been most influential in its scientific genesis. According to Salovey and Mayer (1990),

emotional intelligence includes an "ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and

emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one's thinking and

actions". The current wide spread interest in the topic has been fuelled by the publication of

Daniel Goleman’s seminal book Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than

IQin 1995.Emotional intelligence is a concept based on individuals‟ abilities to understand and

regulate their own emotions and those of others (Mayer & Salovey, 1997). It emerged as a

concept referring to intelligent behaviours in dealing with emotional related issues. A person

with high emotional intelligence will not only understand, manage and accommodate the

emotions of self and others but also alleviate emotional disturbances and anxieties and manage

stress, which will contribute considerably to productivity and performance at the workplace on

both personal and organizational level.

STRESS MANAGEMENT

Stress refers to a set of physical responses caused by internal (cognitive) or external

(environmental) stimuli. Stress is a mental pain caused to employees in their work area due to

the work they perform. When stress becomes excessive, employees develop various symptoms

that can harm their job performance and health and even threaten their ability to cope with the

environment.Stress can reduce an employee‟s performance and decrease his overall productivity

to a large extent. Some try to adopt an approach strategy, which means taking stress as a

challenge and overcoming it in a positive manner, while some go for avoidance strategy in


645

which they show escapist behavior.The organization should take some steps to minimize the

stress of employees by giving good training and prior instruction regarding the work they have

to perform. Proper relationship should exist between the superiors and subordinates. Good work

environment should be maintained. Every organization should try at most to control stress

among employees as far as possible, because it reduces the employee‟s ability that leads to the

downfall of the organization. Management of Emotional Intelligence would lead to management

of stress.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The detailed methodology of the research has been described based on research design,

sampling design, data collection method and analysis. From the viewpoint of function, it is a

descriptive as well as analytical research because here we discuss the perception on the

components emotional intelligence and analyse its impact on stress management. From the

viewpoint of data nature, it is both qualitative and quantitative research. From the viewpoint of

research place, it is a survey research because the data used in this research was gathered from

the Nurses of various Private Hospitals in Chennai district. A survey design was used to obtain

the required information. The population for this research comprises of nurses working in

various healthcare organizations. The study covered only the Private Healthcare organizations

(Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Healthcare Centre, etc.) in Chennai. Chennai district comprising

North Chennai, Central Chennai and South Chennai was selected for this research.

Questionnaire, Personal Interview and Observation techniques were used to collect the

Primary data relating to the various aspects of emotional intelligence that exist in the healthcare

organizations and its impact on stress management. Secondary data relating to Theoretical

concepts and Profile of Healthcare Industry were also collected from different Newspapers,

Journals, Magazines, Reports, Books, Research Articles, Internet websites, etc. A sample size of

100 was finalized for this study. Snowball Sampling, a type of Non-Probability Sampling

technique was used to gather data from the respondents. The data were collected during the

month of April, May and June 2017.Various statistical tools like Percentage Analysis, Mean

Analysis, Independent Sample „t‟ test, Correlation and Multiple Regression were used to

analyse the data. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for the

statistical analysis.

DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

The data, after collection, has to be processed and analyzed in accordance with the

outline laid down for the purpose at the time of developing the research plan. Analysis has been

done through various statistical tools to understand the outcomes with reference to the

objectives and hypothesis. In order to analyze and give the proper interpretation of data various

statistical tools (descriptive as well as inferential) are used.

1. DEMOGRAPHIC & JOB PROFILE

TABLE 2

Demographic& Job Profile

(Sample Size = 100)

VARIABLES OPTIONS FREQUENCIES (%)

Marital Status Married

Unmarried

54

46

54.00

46.00

Age 19 – 40 Years Open ended 68.00


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41 - 52 Years Question (Scale

Variable)

32.00

Qualification School

Level/Diploma

UG / PG

59

41

59.00

41.00

Monthly

Income (INR)

Upto Rs.10,000

Rs.10,001 –

Rs.20,000

Above Rs.20,000

47

36

17

47.00

36.00

17.00

Job Experience 1 – 5 Years

6 – 10 Years

11 – 18 Years

Open ended

Question (Scale

Variable)

72.00

18.00

10.00

Working Shift

General / Day

shift

Night shift

Rotating Shift

36

45

19

36.00

45.00

19.00

Source: Primary Data

INTERPRETATION

From the above table, it is inferred that Married respondents (54%) are more than

unmarried respondents. In terms of Age of the respondents 68% of them belong to the age

group of 19 – 40 Years. 59% of them have School level/Diploma education and remaining 41%

of them are Under/Post Graduates. In terms of Monthly Income, 47% of the respondents are

earning upto Rs.10,000. 72% of the respondents have 1 – 5 years‟ of job experience. 45% of

them are working in Night Shifts.

2. COMPONENTS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE – MEAN ANALYSIS

TABLE 3

Components of Emotional Intelligence

Descriptive Statistics

VARIABLES N Mean SD

Appraisal of Self-Emotion 100 9.76 4.352

Appraisal of Other’s Emotion 100 9.12 4.611

Regulation of Emotion 100 10.89 3.822

Usage of Emotion 100 11.28 3.561

OVERALL EI SCORE 100 41.05 4.653


INTERPRETATION

Twelve Questions relating to four aspects of Emotional Intelligence(3 questions for each

aspect) based on 5 point Likert scale, (Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree) were given in the

questionnaire. Nurses‟ Perception on these aspects is measured by using descriptive

statistics.From the above table, it is inferred that the employees perception on Usage of Emotion

(M = 11.28) is more than others and on Appraisal of Others‟ Emotion is lesser than others. It is

also inferred that the Nurses‟ Perception on four aspects of Emotional Intelligence is above the

average level since the all Mean values are above 9 (60%) out of 15. The Overall Mean Score

of the Nurses‟ Perception on Emotional IntelligenceinPrivate Hospitals is 41.05. This is above

68% (41.05 / 60 x 100 = 68.42%). This indicates that the Nurses‟ Perception on Emotional

Intelligence inPrivate Hospitals is above 68%.


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3. INDEPENDENT SAMPLE ‘t’ TEST - ANALYSIS

H0: There is no significant difference between the Married and Unmarried respondents

with respect to the Emotional Intelligence.

TABLE 4

MARITAL STATUS – EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

VARIABLES

MARITAL STATUS – EI

t -

valu

e

p -

value MARRIED UNMARRIED

N Mean SD

N Mean SD

Appraisal of Self-Emotion 54

10.2

2

3.61

5

4

6

9.26 3.98

4

4.59

8

0.000*

*

Appraisal of Other’s

Emotion 54 9.58 4.26

9

46 10.2

2

3.41

2

3.24

5 0.018*

Regulation of Emotion 54 11.2

7

3.38

7

46 10.4

9

4.32

4

3.53

6 0.010*

Usage of Emotion 54 12.4

6

2.53

4

46 11.2

0

3.23

3

3.93

6

0.002*

*

OVERALL EI SCORE 54 43.5

3

5.64

7

46 41.1

7

6.23

8

4.13

3

0.000*

*


(** 1% Level of Significance) (* 5% Level of Significance)

INTERPRETATION

An independent-samples t-test was conducted to compare the difference between the

Married and Unmarried respondents with respect to the various Components of Emotional

Intelligence. As the P values are lesser than Sig. Value (0.01 and 0.05) in all the cases, the Null

Hypotheses are rejected.

Based on the mean scores, we can say that the Overall Mean Score of Emotional

Intelligence for Married respondents (M = 43.53) is more than Unmarried respondents (M =

40.17). This indicates that the Married respondents have more perception on the various

Components of Emotional Intelligence than the Unmarried respondents. The married and

Unmarried respondents (M = 12.46 for male and M = 11.20 for Unmarried) have more

perception on Usage of Emotion when compared with other components of Emotional

Intelligence. Hence, it is concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between the

Married and Unmarried respondents with respect to the Emotional Intelligence.

4. CORRELATION ANALYSIS

H0: There is no significant relationship between the Components of Emotional

Intelligence andEmotional Intelligence of Nurses.

A Pearson product-moment correlation was run to determine the relationship between

the Appraisal of Self-Emotion, Appraisal of Other‟s Emotion, Regulation of Emotion and Usage

of Emotion and Emotional Intelligence of Nurses.

TABLE 5

EI COMPONENTS –EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

VARIABLES N ‘r’ P - RELATIO REMARKS


648

VALU

E

VALU

E

NSHIP SIGNIFICAN

T RESULT

Appraisal of Self-

Emotion –

Emotional

Intelligence

10

0

0.561*

* 0.000 Positive Significant

REJECTE

D

Appraisal of

Other’s Emotion

– Emotional

Intelligence

10

0

0.502*


REJECTE

D

Regulation of

Emotion –

Emotional

Intelligence

10

0

0.636*


REJECTE

D

Usage of Emotion

– Emotional

Intelligence

10

0

0.752*


REJECTE

D

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

INTERPRETATION

As the P value is lesser than Sig. Value (0.01) in all the above cases, the Null

Hypotheses are rejected. There are moderate to high positive correlations between the

Appraisal of Self-Emotion, Appraisal of Other‟s Emotion, Regulation of Emotion and Usage of

Emotion and Emotional Intelligence of Nurses.

Out of four Components of EI, the relationship between Usage of Emotion and

Emotional Intelligence(r = 0.752) is more than others and Appraisal of Other‟s Emotion has

lesser relationship with Emotional Intelligence (r = 0.502) than others. It is inferred that Usage

of Emotion has strong influence on Emotional Intelligence of Nurses. Hence, there is a

significant relationship between the Components of Emotional Intelligence and Emotional

Intelligence of Nurses.

H0: There is no significant relationship between the Components of Emotional

Intelligence and Stress Management of Nurses.



of Emotion and Stress Management of Nurses.

TABLE 6

COMPONENTS OF EI– STRESS MANAGEMENT

VARIABLES N

‘r’

VALU

E

P -

VALU

E

RELATIO

NSHIP

REMARKS

SIGNIFICAN

T RESULT

Appraisal of

Self-Emotion –

Stress

Management

100 0.667*


REJECTE

D

Appraisal of

Other’s Emotion 100

0.502*


REJECTE

D


649

– Stress

Management

Regulation of

Emotion – Stress

Management

100 0.713*


REJECTE

D

Usage of

Emotion – Stress

Management

100 0.811*


REJECTE

D


INTERPRETATION

As the P value is lesser than Sig. Value (0.01) in all the above cases, the Null

Hypotheses are rejected. There are moderate to high positive correlations between the

Appraisal of Self-Emotion, Appraisal of Other‟s Emotion, Regulation of Emotion and Usage of

Emotion and Stress Management of Nurses.

Out of four Components of EI, the relationship between Usage of Emotion and Stress

Management (r = 0.811) is more than others. It is inferred that Usage of Emotion has strong

impact on Stress Management of Nurses. It indicates that those who effectively using their

emotions, can manage the stress effectively. Hence, there is a significant relationship between


of Emotion and Stress Management of Nurses.

H0: There is no significant relationship between the Level of Emotional Intelligence and

Stress Management of Nurses.


the Emotional Intelligence and Stress Management of Nurses.

TABLE 7

LEVEL OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE – STRESS MANAGEMENT

VARIABLES N

‘r’

VALU

E

P -

VALU

E

RELATIO

NSHIP

REMARKS

SIGNIFICAN

T RESULT

Emotional

Intelligence –

Stress

Management

100 0.816*


REJECT

ED


INTERPRETATION

As the P value is lesser than Sig. Value (0.01) in the above case, the Null Hypothesis is

rejected. There is a high positive correlation (r = 0.816) between the Emotional Intelligence and

Stress Management of Nurses.

5. MULTIPLE REGRESSION

Regression is the determination of statistical relationship between two or more variables.

Multiple regression analysis examines the strength of the linear relationship between a set of

independent variables and a single dependent variable (measured at the interval/ratio level).

Multiple Regression was conducted to determine the best linear combination of Appraisal of


650

Self-Emotion, Appraisal of Other‟s Emotion, Regulation of Emotionand Usage of Emotionfor

predicting Emotional Intelligence of Nurses in Private Hospitals.


651

TABLE 8

REGRESSION ANALYSIS - EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Model

Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1

(Constant) .813 .554 2.392 .154

Appraisal of Self-Emotion .224 .032 .437 8.487 .000

Appraisal of Other’s

Emotion .251 .029 .382 7.249 .000

Regulation of Emotion .412 .022 .511 10.152 .000 Usage of Emotion .538 .018 .612 12.444 .000

Dependent Variable: EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Preliminary analyses were conducted to ensure no violation of the assumptions of

normality, linearity, multi-collinearity and homoscedasticity. The Means, Standard Deviations,

and inter-correlations can be found. This combination of all four variables significantly predicts

the dependent variable i.e., Emotional Intelligence, F (4, 95) = 439.611, p = .000 which is

lesser than .001 (Sig. Value 2-tailed) and Adjusted R Square = 0.669.

Out of four independent variables, Usage of Emotion (0.612) is the strongest influencing

factor which predicting dependent variable – Emotional Intelligence. The beta weights suggest

that the Usage of Emotion only contribute most (0.612 or 61%) to predict Emotional

Intelligence. Appraisal of Other‟s Emotioncontributes to Emotional Intelligence (0.382) lesser

than others.

LIMITATIONS AND DIRECTION FOR FUTURE STUDIES

The sample will be confined to 100 Woman Nurses of Private Hospitals. So this study

cannot be regarded as “full -proof” one. This study is confined to the selected woman Nurses

working in various private hospitals in Chennai only. Hence, the results of this study cannot be

generalized to the other parts of the state as well as other parts of India. Therefore, for

academics and researchers, further quantitative research is needed to identify the impact of

Emotional Intelligence on Stress Management using cross-district/state and cross-industry

applications to predict human behavior in various contexts. Upon this study, there may be some

suggestions for further studies. The scope of this research is Nurses who are working in Private

Hospitals in Chennai. Considering this fact, for the future studies, employees from different

categories like Doctors and healthcare employees from different cities (Places) may be chosen

and comparative studies might be carried out.

SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

In general, Emotional Intelligence contains the sort of skills, which are educable,

flexible, and variable in the course of time. This course of action, consequently, will increase

employees' ability to adopt with work place and facilitate proper work relationship that leads to

improving efficiency and job performance. This research provides information that could

benefit the human resources department of the Healthcare industry in better understanding the

needs and perception of employees.

From the study, it is found that demographic variable, marital status has an influence on

emotional intelligence of the nurses. The study showed that the married have scored higher

level of emotional intelligence than the unmarred. The research also showed that more than 68%


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of the respondents are younger and middle aged (19 – 40 Years) and 46% of them are

unmarried. Therefore, the management of healthcare organisations should formulate suitable

policies to improve the level of emotional intelligence among the young nurses who are

considerable employees in their organisations. The findings of the study pointed out a strong

relationship between emotional intelligence of nurses and Stress Management. Management of

healthcare organisations may use this information to help create a happy and work environment

and support and assist their employees in dealing with demands and challenges both on the job

and in their personal life.

The management should create a good work atmosphere through its organizational

policies (reward programs) that would influence employees‟ welfare in various ways (fringe

benefits, wellness programs, counseling and career advancement, etc.). By doing so, the

healthcare organisations may be able to maintain or improve their employees‟ performance.

The study showed that the out of four components of Emotional Intelligence, Usage of Emotion

has more impact on Emotional Intelligence as well as Stress Management of nurses. Hence,

Healthcare organizations should design and provide such training for nurses in order to apply

their emotions in reducing/managing their stress effectively and efficiently. Regular exercises,

mediation, Yoga and other soft skill practices can improve the emotional balance and reduce the

stress level of the healthcare employees.

CONCLUSION

The ability to manage and study emotions would seem to be an important skill for any

healthcare employee and might potentially enhance patient-centred care, improve the quality of

the professional-patient relationship, and increase patient levels of satisfaction. Improved

emotional intelligence skills will help an individual understand and manage the emotions of one

and others better which will lead to high quality service delivery. It is therefore imperative for

Healthcare management to strive to create a bridge between emotional intelligence and stress

management of their employees. Emotional intelligence is an effective way to integrate,

enhance and provide better work environment.

Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the four components i.e., Appraisal

of Self-Emotion, Appraisal of Other‟s Emotion, Regulation of Emotion and Usage of Emotion

contribute to Emotional Intelligence. Out of four components, Usage of Emotion strongly

influences the Emotional Intelligence than others. Emotional Intelligence has strong impact on

Stress Management. It is suggested that management of Healthcare Organisations should focus

their attention to improve the level of Emotional Intelligence of their employees in order to

increase the work performance and this would also help to manage the occupational stress

effectively.

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