Inter-Substation Communication leveraging IEC 61850 for ... · •IEC 61850 is not just a...

Inter-Substation Communication leveraging IEC 61850 for wide area substation communications

Dr. Alexander Apostolov

October 2016Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Questions

• What are we doing?

• Why are we doing it?

• How are we doing it?

What are we doing?

• Substation-to-substation communications for protection, automation and control

• Horizontal communications for applications such as accelerated transmission line protection schemes

• Vertical communications for applications such as System Integrity Protection Schemes

Ride-Through Capability

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Transmission Line Protection

Distance

Protection

A B

Distance

Protection

t

F1 F2 F3

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Accelerated Scheme

IEC 61850 Based Accelerated Line Protection

A Distance

Protection 1

A B

B Distance

Protection 1

F1 F2 F3

Ethernet

Switch

Ethernet

Switch

A Distance

Protection 2B Distance

Protection 2

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SIPS Hierarchy

SIPS Functionality

•SIPS can be considered as systems that have three main types of functional elements:

–System monitoring elements

–Protection elements

–Execution elements

Why are we doing it?

• There are requirements for improving the quality, reliability and efficiency of PAC systems

• Quality: the standard of something as measured against other things of a similar kind.

• Reliability: the ability of an apparatus or system to consistently perform its intended function without degradation or failure.

• Efficiency: the extent to which a resource is used in order to effectively achieve an objective.

Why are we doing it?

• Conventional client-server protocols such as IEC60870-5-101, IEC60870-5-104 and DNP 3.0 as connection oriented and do not meet the performance requirements for many PAC applications

• They do not support high-speed peer-to-peer communications

• The detailed semantical object model in IEC 61850 is not available in other protocols

Why are we doing it?

• IEC 61850 is not just a communications protocol

• It supports a standardized engineering process based on the different System Configuration Language (SCL) files

• Substation-to-Substation communications engineering is based on System interface Exchange Description (SED) files

System interface Exchange Description (SED)

How are we doing it?

• Use of IEC 61850 GOOSE and sampled values based versus conventional hardwired interfaces

• Using GOOSE over existing communications channel

• Using GOOSE over Layer 2

• Using GOOSE over Layer 2.5

• Using R-GOOSE

IEC 61850 Services

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GSE Messages:

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Analog GOOSE Applications

IEC 61850 Reports

• IEC 61850-90-1 – Using IEC 61850 for communicationbetween substations

• IEC 61850-90-5 – Using IEC 61850 to transmitsynchrophasor information according to IEEE C37.118

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SS-SS Tunneling

SS-SS Mechanism

IEC 61850 Based Accelerated Line Protection

A Distance

Protection 1

A B

B Distance

Protection 1

F1 F2 F3

A Distance

Protection 2B Distance

Protection 2

GOOSE

MPLS

IEC 61850 Based Accelerated Line Protection

A Distance

Protection 1

A B

B Distance

Protection 1

F1 F2 F3

A Distance

Protection 2B Distance

Protection 2

R-GOOSE

IP network

R-GOOSE Control Block

UDPCOMADDR

Session User Information

Session Header

Session Identifier (SI)

Security Information

SPDU

Length

Length

Signature

domain

Session

Header

Length

LI

SPDU Length (32 bits)

Signature (size of signature +2 bytes)

PayloadLength (32 bit)

Key ID (32 bits)

SPDU Number (32 bits)

Session Identifier (SI) = 0xA0 (8 bit) - Tunnelled

0xA1 (8 bit) - GOOSE

0xA2 (8 bit) – Sample value

0xA3 (8 bit) – Management

LI (8 bit)

Initialization Vector (IV 1-233 bytes)

Version = 2 (8 bit)

Session Header Length (LI) (8 bit)

Header Content Indicator(PI) = 0x80 (8 bit)

Time of Current Key (32 bits))

Time of Next Key (16 bits)

PaddingLength (8 bits) m

Padding (0xAF)

Tunnelled

GOOSE APDU

SV APDU

Dst MAC

VLAN

IEEE 802.1p

APDU Length

APDU Length

PDUs1..n

Frame Length

GOOSE or SV

Ethertype packets

+ Ethernet Pad

Bytes

Choice of

Simulation

APPID

Simulation

APPID

Simulation

APPID

MNGT APDU

APDU Length

goosePdu

SavPdu

mngtPdu

Simulation

APPID

Padding (m bytes)

Payload

Length

PaddingLength

=m

Payload

Encrypted

domain

IEC 61850 90-5 Session Protocol

E2E Cryptographic Integrity

Propagation time measurement

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Transatlantic GOOSE latency

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One way propagation delay Texas - Austria

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Two way propagation delay Germany - Austria

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