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Ashok Gulati, ICRIER, India(with Kavery Ganguly and Nandini Jayakumar)
ABARES Conference: Outlook 2017Canberra, March 7-8, 2017
Innovations Reshaping Indian Agri-Landscape: Outlook 2017 and beyond
India’s agri-challenges and need to innovate
• Feeding 1.3 billion mouths; by 2022 India’s population will surpass China
• Rising incomes: GDP likely to grow by 7-8 percent per annum for next 10 years or so
• High expenditure on food (40-45 percent)
• Shrinking holding size (avg holding size is 1.15 ha); • Shrinking water supplies on per capita basis (<1700 litres)
• Innovations all along the agri-value chain is the only answer
Innovation Matrix – Reshaping Indian Agriculture
• Biotechnology – crops & Inputs
• Crop & Farm Management
• Farm Mechanization
• Price policy to Income
policy- Direct Benefit
Transfer (DBT) – 84
schemes shifted to
DBT by Feb17, saving
more than Rs 50,000
crores;
• Transportation & Storage
• Marketing
• Value addition in fruits and vegetables to extend shelf life and value addition
Agri-food POLICIES
PRODUCTION PROCESS
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
PROCESSING & VALUE ADDED
PRODUCTS
From Green to white, and Gene to Brown Revolutions
• Historically, Green Revolution technology was disruptive Innovation in Indian Agri (Today India one of the top exporters of rice).
• Institutional Innovations led to white Revolution by small holders, making India largest producer of milk today (154 mt)
• Gene Revolution in Bt Cotton made India second largest exporter of cotton
• Brown revolution is unfolding, albeit gradually….
Innovations in Genetic Technology –(Gene Revolution-India in Top 5)
20 Developing 8 Industrial
Leading Biotech Crop growing countries
Since 1996• 18 million Farmers • 28 countries • 179.7 million hectares
Fastest adopted crop technology in recent times
USA 70.9
Brazil 44.2
Argentina 24.5
India 11.6
Canada 11
Million hectares
Gene Revolution made India 2nd largest exporter of Cotton
India’s only Bt crop: Bt Cotton
Drought tolerant Maize in US in 2013, and by now almost a million ha area covered
• 95 per cent of cotton acreage (11 m ha) under Bt Cotton; Yields increased from 186 kg/ha in 2001-02 to 532kg/ha in 2013-14
• pesticides use declined by >50 per cent
• Net gain 2002-14, USD 55 billion compared to BAU scenario
Global Trends
Innovations in Bio fortification…rolling outImproving nutritional quality of plants during plant growth, through conventional breeding or advanced biotechnology
Non GM Crops
Iron rich Pearl Millet, Bean
Vitamin A rich Cassava, Orange Sweet Potato,
Zinc rich Rice, wheat and Maize
Vitamin A rich
Golden Rice(Contains Beta Carotene)
GM Crop2016 World Food Prize Laureates
For pioneering work in Bio fortification using selective breeding
Globally, Harvest Plus hasreached 15 million people, introduced over 100 varieties of 10 crops in 30 countries
Bio fortified crops: Present Status in India
Two Variants: Dhanashakti and Shakti
1201
Dhanashakti released all over India in 2013. Adopted by 65000
farmers in 2015
Shakti 1201 adopted by 35000 farmers in 2015
Iron rich Pearl millet
Undergoing disease trials
BHU- 35 variant ready to be released in Uttar
Pradesh pending regulatory clearances
Still in R&D stage in partner countries
India is NOT a partner country
Zinc rich Wheat Golden Rice
Innovation in Fertilisers (Neem Coated Urea, Mycorrhiza) – toward Sustainable Agricultural
Neem Oil spray on Urea slows therelease of nitrogen by about 10 to15%, hence reducing consumptionof fertiliser.
Research claims: neem coated ureaincreased rice yields by 9.6 per centand wheat by 6.9 per cent.
Checks diversion of cheap urea fornon-agri purposes.
100% urea to be neem coated.
Potential gains from savings in urea subsidy and yield improvement about USD 1-2 billion.
http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/govt-allows-100-production-of-neem-coated-urea-115010700613_1.html
Innovation in Biofertilizers – Mycorrhiza
Mycorrhiza –fungal microorganisms feeding host plant withimproved water and nutrients fromthe soil;
Can reduce chemical fertiliser useup to 50% in certain cases improveyields by 5-25%.
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) has set up the world's biggest facility for producing mycorrhizae
More than 60 companies selling it as part of bio-fertilizer package
Innovations in Irrigation water use efficiency (80-90%): Sprinklers and Drip (9 m ha) (India largest player in Drip Irr)
Innovations in protected and precision agriculture:Hydroponics and Aeroponics
Innovations in Harvesting solar power (solar as third crop; solar pump-sets, cold storages, milk chillers, pushcarts)
Innovation in use of Farm Machinery – UBERISATION (to serve Small holdings efficiently; Rajasthan making strides)
Mahindra and Mahindra
EM3 Agri services Pvt Ltd
FarMart
Tractor and Farm Equipments (TAFE)
Key
Play
ers i
n In
dia
Innovations in Agro-services on Farmers’ mobiles
• Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)- mKrishi• Mahindra and Mahindra- MyAgri-Guru• ITC- e-chaupal• Government of India- Krishidoot• And several others…
Innovations in cold storages (Onions), solar powered..(wastage drops from 25% in traditional storage to <5%)
Sensors (Yield, Nitrogen, Moisture)
Facilitate variable rate application of inputs
Surveillance, imagery, spraying pesticides
Global Positioning System (GPS)(guidance systems)
Unmaned Aerial Vehicles (UAV’s)/Drones
Robotics
Big Data, Internet of Things
Weeding, fruit harvesting, pruning vines
Analysis of data collected on field, facilitates planning
Efficient field coverage, reduce fuel and other input costs
Precision Technologies What they do
What is coming…Innovations in Advanced technologies
Drones, Doves and Satellites in Indian Agriculture
Initiatives by Public Sector Private Sector Participation
SENSAGRI: SENsor based Smart AGRIculture
• Collaborative project of ICAR through IARI and 6 other partners
• Develop indigenous prototype for drone based crop and soil health monitoring system using HRS
sensors
Under New Crop Insurance Scheme, feedback from drones used along with satellite imaging
will be used to assess damage. Will help in settlement of compensation
We Do Sky
Use of drones for crop health, crop detection, seed distribution, soil detection
Innovations in Agri Marketing and Processing
Farmers can procure agri-inputs needed for their farms by simply giving a missed call on their platform and eventually accessing their mobile app.Based in Pune, AgroStar currently operates in the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan
‘Direct-to-farmer’ m-commerce platform – AgroStar
One Village One World Network -ekgaon
Platform for leveraging mobile communication technology for encouraging sustainable development of women-self-help-groups (SHGs) and small farmers across India. The platform has over 9,00,000 women and 3,00,000 farmers spread across villages of India.
Ekutir - for-profit social enterprise group
One Acre Venture (OAV) is an ecosystem integrator for fostering social impact across the agriculture-nutrition-health value chain. It acts as a platform connecting farmers to consumers. VeggieKart create a multi-pronged approach to ensure fair and equitable procurement from farmers and convert unorganized vegetable vendors into branded vegetable entrepreneurs selling vegetables in the city and urban slums of Bhubaneshwar.
Outlook 2017 and beyond…
• India has bumper harvest in 2016-17, after two years of successive droughts;
• Prices of fresh produce tumbling down as processing and cold storages limited…opportunities for agri-business!!
• A long way to go toward ending hunger and promoting sustainable agriculture, but hope is positive and mood upbeat!
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