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INDUSTRIAL WATER INDUSTRIAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROLPOLLUTION CONTROL
Ass. Prof. Dr. Erkan ŞAHİNKAYA
Source and characteristics of Ind. WWSource and characteristics of Ind. WW
Undesirable WW may include;
Soluble Organics Suspended solids Priority pollutants Heavy metals Color and turbidity N and P Refractory organics Oil and grease Persistent organics (such as DDT) Emerging Pollutants (Pharmaceuticals, personal
care products, endocrine disrupting compounds)
Flow rate and waste characteristics show great variation depending on
Diversity of product manufacturedProcess operation (batch or continuous)Housekeeping
Short term (diurnal) and long term (seasonal) variations are observed.
Variations in Flow and Characteristics Variations in Flow and Characteristics
ExampleExample
Using the measured data for BOD plot frequency of occurrence curve
First value = 100/(2*n)
The general procedure to develop The general procedure to develop necessary informationnecessary information
Develop a sewer map and point sampling locations for flow measurement and characterization
Establish sampling and analysis schedule. Continuous samples with composites weighted according to flow are the most desirable. But difficult. Continuous processes can be sampled hourly and composited on an 8-, 12- or 24-h basis.
Develop a flow and material diagramEstablish a statistical variations for flow and waste
characteristics
Establishing analysis…Establishing analysis…
The analyses to be run depend on the parameter and purpose.
◦ pH should be measured on grab samples since it can be neutralized in composite samples and mislead for design.
◦ BOD: 8-h or shorter composites.◦ For nutrient removing systems N and P should
be measured on 24-h composites.◦ Frequency of occurrence is important in
statistical analysis
Parameter
Unit 2h-Composite
samples24h-Composite
samples
BOD5 (mg/L) 40 35
COD (mg/L) 120 90
SS (mg/L) 40 25
pH - 6-9 6-9
Turkish Water Pollution Control Turkish Water Pollution Control RegulationRegulation
…….Composite sampling.Composite sampling
Isco 3710C CompactPortable Composite Sampler
User-friendly programmingfor all applications
basic and extended programming modes providesprogram your sampler for:
•Uniform time intervals•Non-uniform time intervals•Flow-paced sampling with or without time delay
Flow MasurementFlow Masurement
Depends on physical location of sampling
◦ If water flows through a sewer then calculate velocity, measure water depth and Q=V.A
◦ The area can be calculated from depth of water◦ Vavrg=0.8*Vsurf◦ Vsurf is measured using a floating object
between two manholes or use a current meter
…….flow measurement.flow measurement
In a channel flow can be measured by using veirs or measuring velocity and calculating wet area.
Use pumping rate for flow measurementWater consumption can be used to estimate
wastewater flow Infiltration and exfiltration should be considered. The
water loss from sewer can be calculated based on;◦ Drainage area (0,1-0,2 l/sn.ha)◦ Length of sewer (0,80 l/sn.km)◦ Both length and diameter of sewer (0,5-5
m3/d.km.cm)
If Low flow is expected….If Low flow is expected….
When plant is operating well below the design capacity, particularly during the initial years of operation, recycling treated effluent may be considered.
Treatment Plant
Flow measurement pointsFlow measurement points
On the channels and control manholeWWTP inletAfter screens, after grit removal or after primary
sedimentationPump stationsBefore discharge
Veirs for flow Veirs for flow measurementmeasurement
Operational CostOperational Cost
PREDICTION OF DENIZLI WASTEWATER TREATMENT PREDICTION OF DENIZLI WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT PERFORMANCE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL PLANT PERFORMANCE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL
NETWORK MODELLINGNETWORK MODELLING
(A master thesis study supervised by Dr. Erkan SAHİNKAYA) (A master thesis study supervised by Dr. Erkan SAHİNKAYA)
The number of municipalities having a municipal The number of municipalities having a municipal WWTPWWTP ; ;
238 @ 2001 238 @ 2001 322 @ 2002 322 @ 2002 362 @ 2006 362 @ 2006 436 @ 2008 436 @ 2008
DENİZLİ MUNICIPAL WWTPDENİZLİ MUNICIPAL WWTP
DDWWWWT Design CriteriaT Design Criteria
The WWTP was planned as two stages; 2005 and 2025
The project flow rate at 2005 and 2025 are 692 lt/sn and 2806 lt/sn, respectively
The population at 2005 and 2025 are 378353 and 703838, respectively.
BOD5 loading 54 gr/person-day, Total N loading 10 gr/person-day, Total P loading 2 gr/person-day, SS loading 140 gr/person-day.
Figure. DWWTP process flow diagram
MAMATTERIAL AND METHODSERIAL AND METHODSMeasured parametersMeasured parameters
Grab samples
- Temperature- pH- Conductivity - Dissolved
Oxygen
2h- and 24h- Composite samples
- BOD - COD, - SS - SVI, - Total nitrogen - Total P
The parameters predicted by ANN are effluent COD, BOD, total N, total P and SVI
The Structure of ANN used in the modeling
RESULTS RESULTS
Figure. The plant influent and effluent pH (a), temperature (b), conductivity (c) and SS (d)
Figure. BOD and COD removal performance
Figure. Total N and Total P removal performance
Figure. BOD/COD
ÇH
Ý (m
L/g
)
0
200
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AK
M (
mg/
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10000 Haval. havuzuGeri Devir
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Çýk
ýþ A
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(b)
(c)
Figure. SS at aeration tank and recycle line(a), SVI and effluent SS (c)
The ANN Prediction of DWWTP The ANN Prediction of DWWTP PerformancePerformance
Table. Table. The comparison of different scenarios for the The comparison of different scenarios for the ANN prediction of Effluent CODANN prediction of Effluent COD
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KO
Ý (m
g/L
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Ölçülen Tahmin Edilen
Figure. ANN prediction of effluent COD
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BO
Ý (m
g/L
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Figure. ANN prediction of effluent BOD
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Top
lam
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mg/
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Figure. ANN prediction of effluent total N
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opla
m P
(m
g/L
)
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10Ölçülen Tahmin Edilen
Figure. ANN prediction of effluent Total P
Veri no
0 20 40 60 80 100
SV
I (m
L/g
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Figure. ANN prediction of SVI
Thanks for your listeningThanks for your listening
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