View
4
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Index 567
Acetyl aminofluorene (AAF)
Aberrant methylation, 14–15, 20–22
Acetyl aminofluorene (AAF), 482
Activated carcinogensgenes, 48
Active ECM remodeling, 360Adenocarcinoma, 3
AIDS, 80histopathological and molecular
abnormalities, 21tmetastasis
CAM study, 243–249p53 immunostaining, 5f
AG3340, 353Ah-receptor-PAH complex, 47AIDS. see Acquired immune
deficiency syndrome (AIDS)Allele-specific mutations (ASM), 20Allelotyping lung cancer cell lines, 15Altered surface markers, 259–266Alternative G-protein coupling, 62Amine precursor uptake and
decarboxylase (APUD) cells, 66Angiogenesis, 269–270, 329–343, 391
568 Index
Anilinoquinazoline inhibitor, 540f
MAPK and JNK activity, 306fAnti-angiogenic factors, 269–270
AOEs, 211APC, 20Ape, 416fAPO-1, 259Apoptosis, 10, 48, 127–141, 259, 530
anti-Fas antibody-mediated,260–262
assays, 284–286chemotherapeutic drugs, 128D-Arg6, D-Trp7,9, NmePhe8-
substance P (6-11), 299–306factors, 270
prognostic relevance, 269–282growth summary, 311thistograms, 263fmeasurement
material, 300method, 302
morphological assessment,283–296
vs necrosis, 283–284rates, 529regulators
angiogenesis, 359–360
Index 569
gene alterations analysis, 413–434Basement membranes (BMs), 349
(bFGF), 269, 330–332, 335–336,
telomerase activity detection, 407BCE cell proliferation assay, 384
BJAB cellsanalysis, 262fhistograms, 263f
BleomycinKS, 79
Blockingnonspecific binding sites, 139
Blood supplytumor growth, 329
Blotting, 131Blue-light fluorescence
microscopy, 284BMs, 349Bombesin (BN) autocrine loop
GRP, 9BP. see Benzo[a]pyrene (BP)BPDE, 46–47
DNA-adducts, 49–50Bradford method, 139Bronchial epithelium
tissue microdissection technique, 8Bronchial tree
squamous cell carcinoma, 36–37Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
CAM study, 243–249
570 Index
immunohistochemical staining, 472
Cell linegrowth profiles, 547
Cell lysates preparationraf-1 activity
material, 202method, 204
Cell proliferation assayillustrated, 394fVEGF activity
material, 392–393method, 393–395
Cell-surface Fas proteinexpression, 259
analysis, 262fCellular density
change, 310Cellular prognostic factor analysis
case study, 271–276Central nervous system lymphoma, 76C-erbB-1, 114CGH studies, 9, 10Chemoresistance
EGFR, 128
Index 571
motility, migration, metastases, 116
Clara cell 10 kD promoters, 469–471.
motility, migration, metastases,
Comparative genomic hybridization
Cultured cellsmethod, 535fstainability
material, 515method, 517
surgical material, 527–540CWR22R xenograft, 510–514CXC chemokines, 361Cyclin D1-CDK4-retinoblastoma
pathway, 11Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
(CDKN), 89downregulation, 90
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK),89, 270
amplification, 89Cyclin D1 expression, 16Cyclins, 270Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
localization, 223tumor expressed factor, 340
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteinexpression
immunohistochemical analysis
572 Index
Cytosolic C-terminal domain, 113Differential splicing
RNA, 358Differentiation assays
growth summary, 311tDiscontinuous percoll gradient
programmed cell death pathways,309–324
DMBT1, 12DNA damage repair enzymes, 47–48DNA extraction
non RI protocolsmaterial, 232method, 234–235
DNA flippingphosphatidylserine, 284
DNA fragmentationagarose gel electrophoresis, 130f,
131–132chemosensitivity and apoptosis
of tyrphostin AC1478material, 134–135method, 137–138
DNA isolationras family mutation detection
Index 573
EGFR. see Epidermal growth factorreceptor (EGFR)
Elastase, 350tElectron microscopy
apoptosis determinationmaterial, 287–288method, 290–293
morphologymaterial, 287method, 290
Electrophoresisk-ras mutation detection
3, 194material, 192
ELISA, 66EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix
metalloproteinase inducer), 351Endogenous anti-angiogenic
molecules, 331tEndogenous pro-angiogenic
molecules, 331tEndostatin, 332Endothelial cell proliferation assay
angiostatin mobilization
574 Index
Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), 113, 114–115, 127, 331
motility, migration, metastasis,
relationship to chemosensitivity
signal-transduction modulation,
structure, role in transformation,
tyrosine kinase inhibition, 115,
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, 76
Exon analysisBER
material, 428method, 431–432
Extracellular matrix (ECM), 349remodeling, 360VEGF, 358
Extracellular matrixmetalloproteinase inducer, 351
Extracellular SOD, 211
F
FACScan analysisFas assessment
material, 260method, 261
Fas receptor, 259FFPE, 90FGF
vessel formation, 337–338FHIT, 12–13, 15, 23, 45, 231Fiber loading
hollow fiber assaymaterial, 548method, 550–554
Index 575
pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK),
L-myc amplification detection,
Gastrin releasing peptide receptor
Genesactivated carcinogens, 48
Gene silencingpromoter methylation, 101–102
Genetic abnormalitiessequential development, 16–22
Genetically encoded programmedcell death, 259
Genetic alterations, 3–23Genetic changes, 44–46
accumulation, 18–19tumor-type specific, 15
Genetic damage repair, 43Genetic defects
multiplicity, 44Genetic factors, 466Genetic instability, 13–14Genetic-marker experiments,
520–521Genetic mutation
angiogenic switch, 334Genomic amplification, 107Genomic DNA preparation
NER-deficient mice, 487GFP
576 Index
of primary cultures, 529–530
HGF. see Hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)
H460-GRP SOI model, 463HHV-8, 77HIC (hypermethylated in cancer),
102High VEGF expression, 367Histochemical marker genes,
509–510, 521rationale for using, 508–509
Histological examinationCAM identification and
detection, 246, 247Histone deacetylases, 101HIV infection, 75Hollow fiber assay
cell count estimations, 561cell growth profiles, 560–561study design, 546
material, 547–549method, 549–562
total protein/Western-blotanalysis, 561–562
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
Index 577
Human AP endonuclease (Ape), 416f
molecular epidemiology, 43–53Human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8), 77
Human plasminogen isolation and
Human umbilical vein endothelial
sensitive detection, 101–108
IL-8, 332IL-1β, 77IMB
flow chart, 173IGF axis
3, 179–180material, 175–176
Immune responsesangiogenic switch, 334
Immunoblottingraf-1 activity
material, 202–203method, 204–205
Immunocompromised hostsneoplasm development, 75–76
Immunocytochemistryapoptosis determination
material, 288method, 292–293
Immunohistochemical analysislocalization, 223–229
Immunohistochemical assays, 90γGCS
material, 214
578 Index
Immunohistochemical dual analysisDNA fragmentation, kTG, tTG
chemosensitivity and apoptosis oftyrphostin AG 1478, 128–132
Inhibitorsc-Met, 119–120γGCS
material, 215method, 218–219
In situ hybridizationparaffin-embedded tissue
sections, 145–164TGF-β, 162fTGF-β preparation
material, 147–149method, 152–153
TGF-β transcripts detectionmaterial, 150–151method, 155–157
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF), 167axis
changes, 170–172detection method, 170–172
BP-3 IMBCM, 175f
BP-rPs, 170BPs
characteristics, 169t
Index 579
JNK/MAPK activity measurement
K-ras mutation, 6, 16, 37, 466detection
enriched-PCR analysis, 105fKS, 75–80KSHV, 77kTG, 309
L
LacZ-tagged 3T3 cells, 509–510Ladder-like pattern, 13–14Large cell carcinoma, 3Large cell neuroendocrine cancer
histology, 33fLarge cell neuroendocrine cancer
(LCNEC), 34–35Laser capture microdissection
(LCM), 8–9LCM, 8–9LCNEC, 34–35LCR. see Ligase chain reaction
(LCR)Left lung, 462–463Leidenfrost effect, 249Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC-LM),
375–377
580 Index
Lewis lung carcinoma
Lung neoplasiaclassification, 31–36neuroendocrine differentiation,
31–36Lung section characterization
mutant p53material, 474method, 475
Lung tumorscancer cell lines
comparison, 6characterization, 472
Lung tumors chemical inductionXpc Trp53, 488
Lymphoblastoid cell lines, 5–7Lymphocyte function-associated
antigen (LFA-1), 243–249Lyophilization of conditioned
mediumIGF axis
material, 172method, 176
LZ-CWR22R cells, 512fLZ-CWR22R clone H cells, 510–511
Index 581
Matrigel-suspended clone H cells, 512fMatrix metalloproteinase (MMP),
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)
Methylationaberrant, 14–15, 20–22aberrant promoter, 44–45CDH13 gene, 15CpG islands, 15, 23
promoter, 15de novo, 101DNA, 14ECAD, 15markers, 101–102p16, 20p16 and MGMT, 107promoter
role, 44–45TIMP-3, 15
Methylation-specific PCR (MSP)p16 identification
material, 103–104method, 104–107
web site, 107Methyl-guanine-DNA-
methyltransferase, 102Methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-
butanone (NNK), 468CC10/dnp53
582 Index
Microsomal epoxide hydrolase, 46–47
Mismatch-repair (MMR) pathway, 413
Matrix metalloproteinase
MSP. see Methylation-specific PCR(MSP)
MTT dye conversion assaymaterial, 549method, 559–560
MUC1expressionphotomicrograph, 257f
MUCI expression, 251–257Mucin-type glycoprotein expression
abnormalities, 251Multidrug resistance proteins
(MRP), 212Multiple molecular biological
technique, 146Multistage pathogenesis
sequential histologic andmolecular changes, 19f
Mutant-enriched PCR protocols, 107Mutant K-RAS genes, 22–23Mutant p53 mouse model
lung-specific expression, 465–477Mutant TP53 genes, 22–23Mutated in Multiple Advanced
Index 583
Neuroendocrine phenotype, 66–67Neuron-restrictive silencer factor
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 76HIV-AIDS, 82–83intermediate and high grade,
82–83Non-small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC)neuroendocrine features, 34–35pathogenesis, 17tvs SCLC, 31–36, 45
Northern analysisLLC-LM cells, 376
Northern-blot analysis, 146Northern blotting, 131NOS
tumor expressed factor, 340NSCLC. see Non-small cell lung
cancer (NSCLC)N-terminal extracellular ligand-
binding domain, 113Nucleotide-excision repair (NER)
deficient micechemically induced lung
cancer, 481–490pathway, 413
584 Index
EGFR signal transduction, 115
tumor-suppressor gene, 89–97, 102
histology and molecular studiesmutant mice
material, 486method, 488–489
immunohistochemical proteinexpression, 6
immunostaining, 16lung tumor chemical induction
mutant micematerial, 486method, 488
lung tumor incidencemutant mice, 485t
missense mutation, 465–477molecular marker, 48mutations, 48–51
passive smoking, 51significance, 49–50smokers vs nonsmokers, 51smoking, 50–51
pathway, 466protein, 44transgene expression, 467ttumor suppressor gene, 44,
465–477
Index 585
animal model system, 441–451
primer sequence, 192t, 195f
PCR-RFLPnon RI protocols
material, 233–234method, 236–237
PD-ECGF. see Platelet-derivedendothelial cell growth factor(PD-ECGF)
PDGF, 332. see Platelet-derivedgrowth factor (PDGF)
vessel formation, 337–338PDGFR, 117PDTC
MO73 cells, 116PEP
hypermethylated p16 allelesmaterial, 103method, 106
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, 115,119, 127
PhosphorylationEGFR, 128
Plasminogen activator, 335Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
(PAI-1), 358
586 Index
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
IHC staining patterns, 91t, 92f
Probing blotsIGF axis
material, 175–176method, 179–180
Probing Western blotkTG, tTG, anti-PARP antibody
material, 314method, 319
Prognostic factorspurposes, 276–277
Programmed cell death, 10, 127–141.see also Apoptosis
chemotherapeutic drugs, 128genetically encoded, 259growth summary, 311ttyrphostin AG 1478, 128
Proliferation cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), 270, 472
Proliferation ratesin vivo and primary cultures, 529f
Proliferative and vascularpermeabilization activities
VEGF, 391–397Proliferative factors, 270–271
Index 587
Pulmonary carcinoid tumors, 33–34
Pyrrolidine dithiocarbonate (PDTC)
Radioactively labeled ligand probes
RB, 44overexpression, 97and p16
IHC staining patterns, 91t, 92fphosphorylation
catalysis, 89protein
G1-S progression, 11p16 tumor-suppressor pathway
abrogation, 89–97Reactive oxygen species (ROS),
113, 211c-Kit, 116c-Met, 119EGFR, 114–115JNK activation, 299
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)role, 113–120
Recessive oncogenes, 10–11Reed-Sternberg cells, 83Regional hypermethylation, 14–15Retinoblastoma gene, 89Retinoic acid receptor-β (RAR-β),
20, 102Reverse transcription polymerase
588 Index
Reactive oxygen species
Reverse transcription
Small cell lung cancer
electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)Selective Tumor gene Expression of
Peptides essential for Survival
SHCEGFR signal transduction, 115
Shortest regions of overlap(SROs), 231
Short-tandem DNA repeats, 13–14Signal transduction
c-Kit, 117c-Met, 119EGFR, 115
Signal transduction-promotingapoptosis, 62
Single transmembrane α helix, 11316-cyclin D1-CDK4-retinoblastoma
pathway, 11Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), 3, 35
cellular morphology, 32histology, 33fhistopathological and molecular
abnormalities, 21tneuroendocrine phenotype, 61–68vs NSCLC, 31–36, 45pathogenesis, 17tproliferation assay
material, 300method, 302
Index 589
Solid tumor cell culture, 533–534
histopathological and molecular
Subcutaneous implant models, 457Substrate gel electrophoresis
angiostatin mobilizationregulation
material, 378–379method, 381
Superoxide dismutase (SOD),119, 211
Surfactant protein C (SP-C), 469Surgical material cultures
culturematerial, 531method, 533–534
drug treatmentsmaterial, 532method, 534–535
endpointsmaterial, 532method, 535
plate setupmaterial, 532method, 534
preparation
590 Index
intravenous implantation, 501–502
(telomeric repeat amplification
TGF, 331TGF-α, 114TGF-β. see Transforming growth
factor-β (TGF-β);Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)
ThalidomideKS, 79
3H-thymidine, 529–5303H-thymidine incorporation assay
chemosensitivity and apoptosisof tyrphostin AG1478
material, 135method, 138
Thrombospondin, 332Thymidine, 529–530Thymidine incorporation assay
chemosensitivity and apoptosisof tyrphostin AG1478
material, 135method, 138
Thymocytesglucocorticoid-induced death, 132
Index 591
inhalation systems smoke, 450
animal model system, 441–451
Tobacco smoke carcinogen-induced
TP53 gene, 11, 16, 49–50, 231abnormalities, 16heterozygous condition, 483mutations, 6TSG product, 10
TransfectionFas assessment
efficiency, 265material, 260–261method, 262–264
Transformationstructure and expression
c-Kit, 115–116c-Met, 117–120EGFR, 114
Transforming growth factor(TGF), 331
Transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α), 114
Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)
hybridization probesmaterial, 148–150
592 Index
Transmission electron microscopy
amplification protocol) assay
TRAPeze telomerase detection kit
Trp53 heterozygous condition, 483
Tumor growthassessment
animal models, 462–463Tumor heterogeneity
microenvironment, 337Tumor incidence
control data summary, 446tTumor multiplicities
control data summary, 445tTumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), 77Tumor-progression model, 519–520Tumor-specific metastasis
reporter gene-tagged tumor cells,507–521
Tumor-suppressive genes (TSGs),11–12
HIV-AIDS, 81Tumor vessels
formationmechanisms, 335
macrostructure andmicrostructure, 336–337
TUNNEL (terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated nick-end labeling)
Index 593
Upstream stimulatory factor (USF), 67
Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), 269, 330, 335–336
Vascular permeability assayillustrated, 396fVEGF activity
material, 393method, 395–396
Vascular permeability factor (VPF).see also Vascular endothelialgrowth factor (VEGF)
VEGF activity, 392–397Vasopressin, 63VCAM-1, 243–249VEGF. see Vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF)VEGFR-1
vessel formation, 337–338VEGFR-2
vessel formation, 337–338VG1 immunoreactivity, 362VHL, 13Vinblastine
KS, 79VLA-4, 116VLA-5, 116Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), 13
594 Index
kTG, tTG, anti-PARP antibodyXpc mutant mice, 482
breeding and genotypingmaterial, 483–485method, 486–488
lung tumor chemical inductionmaterial, 486method, 488
Xpc Trp53 double mutant mice, 483Xpc Trp53 mutant mice
breeding and genotypingmaterial, 483–485method, 486–488
histology and molecular studiesmaterial, 486method, 488–489
lung tumor chemical inductionmaterial, 486method, 488
lung tumor incidence, 485tXPD genes, 48X-ray crystallography
recombinant MMP, 353XRCC1 genes, 48
Z
Recommended