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8/3/2019 IIb.appalachian System--Ridge & Valley
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NORTH AMERICANREGIONS
II. Appalachian System
b) Ridge and Valley
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Pi
edmont
Rid
geand
Valle
y
Plate
au
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Key
n Red-Term to define and remember
n Yellow-Place to locate and remember
n
Green-Resource to know andremember
n Bright Green-Agricultural product
(crop) to remembern White, Blue and Brown-Narration to
help understanding
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Great Smoky Mountains
National Park
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Most Rugged Part of the Appalachian Mountains
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To really see the most visited
National Park you have to getout of your car and on the . . .
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From Clingmans Domethe highest point in the park
Note: the dead and dying trees.
Caused by:
An infestation of a species of naturally re-occurring caterpillar
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Where the clouds meet the land
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Appalachian Trailthrough mountain mahogany
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Thunderhead Mountain
Why dont you want to be on a mountain as astorm approaches?
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As we hurried off ThunderheadMountain we found a . . .
Shelter
Yes, we cleaned it up!
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By the following morningThe rain had turned to . . .
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Sledding, anyone?
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Spring
Mountain Laurel
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Azalea
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Animals I Have Known
newt
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The Smoky Mountains are the home to thelargest specimen of many species of treesdue to . . .
remote location reducing logging heavy (orographic) rainfall
Animals I have
seen
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Who has walked part of theAppalachian Trail?
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Cades Cove
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Great Smoky Mountains National Parkwas inhabited when the government
bought the land in the 1930s.
Why would the people havebeen willing to sell then?
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Cades Cove Cabin
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Cades Cove Cabin in Winter
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Great Smoky MountainsNational Park
I Like Signs
In a National
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In a NationalPark you can
enjoy nature
and
tranquility.
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Or . . .
You can go outside thepark to . . .
Gatlinburg, Tennessee
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You Decide
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Kingsport, Tennessee
Ridge Gap
How were the ridges formed?
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The Appalachian Mountainsare mostly folded mountains.
Most of the rock is sedimentary.
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FromNASA
Pennsyl-
vania
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Kingsport, Tennessee
Lets stand at the top of the ridgelooking down on the town in the gap.
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HolstonRiver
A tributary of the Tennessee
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Chattanooga, Tennessee
TennesseeRiver
Meander
From Lookout Mountain
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RidgeGap
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Gap
Modern
transpor
tation
usesthe
gap.
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Would you rather travel up and down theseridges,
or
along the floor of the gap?
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Pennsylvania & New York ridgesand valleys and gap
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Delaware (River) Water Gapon the border of
Pennsylvania and New Jersey
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FromNASA
Pennsyl-
vania
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Ridge and Valley
Shen
ando
ahRive
r
Meanders
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Cumberland Mountains, Virginia
Which way is travel easier?
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Cumberland Mountains, Virginia
Which way is travel easier?
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Cumberland Gap
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Cumberland Gap--yesteryear
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Notice how the roads and railroads focus here
And here
At the gaps
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Like this!
Cumberland Gap
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Cumberland Gapon the border of Virginia,
Kentucky, & Tennessee
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Along the Blue Ridge Parkway
The Blue Ridge Parkway was built by the US government
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The Blue Ridge Parkway was built by the US governmentduring the 1930s to give unemployed constructionworkers a job.
Unlike most mountain roads it travels along the tops ofthe ridges.
It extends for over 400 miles from Great SmokyMountains to Shenandoah National Parks.
It is two lanes and the speed limit is 45mph.
How does this elevation compare withSt. Louis?
With Denver?
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Mt. Mitchell?
6684The highest point in theAppalachians.
The highest point on the road.
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Roanoke Mountain
What would you do here?
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Definitions
n Orographic-caused by mountainsn Ridge-a long narrow hill or mountainn Gap-a pass through a ridge caused by a
rivern Folded mountains-mountains raised by
compression of a platen Sedimentary-a type of rock that was
formed from layers of deposited material,usually under water (i.e.: sandstone,shale, limestone, conglomerate)
n Tributary-a smaller stream that flows into
a larger river
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Great SmokyMtns. Nat. Park
Cumberland Gap
B
lu
e
R
id
g
e
Chattanooga
Mt.MitchellTe
nnessee
R.
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What is this black rock?
Coal
A sedimentary rock
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A coal mine
Coal Mine
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Coal Mine
Coal Mine
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Coal Mine
Mountain Top Mining
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p g
West Virginia-2003
http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/mountaintop_removal/007/Photo by Vivian Stockman
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Coal
Chemical Industry
Raw Material
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West Virginia
Nestled in a Valley
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Institute, W. V.
Nitro, W. V.
Kana
whaR
iver
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West Virginia
But, some is pretty!
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Mountain Highways: Country Roads
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Three way gap
West Virginia
VirginiaMaryland
H F
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Shenando
ahRiver
Potomac River
Whats the name of the town?
Harpers Ferry
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Central Pennsylvania
?Gap
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FromNASA
Pennsyl-vania
Through the gap
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Northern Pennsylvania
Lake Ontario
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Rochester
Finger Lakes
Pennsylvania
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Otsego Lake
Fills a glacially carved valley
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Cooperstown, N.Y.
L k Ch l i
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Lake Champlain
On the border of New York and Vermont
Lake George
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Site of Fort Ticonderoga
Important during the French and Indian War and theRevolutionary War
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Vermont
Translation from the French = Green Mountains
Central Vermont
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Quechee Gorge, Vermont
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Covered Bridge
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U.S. (New Hampshire)-Canada (Quebec) border
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Northern New Hampshire
Littleton, N.H.
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White Mountains
Why would a town develop here?
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RIVER
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Shake Comm nit
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Shaker Community
Dormatory
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Dormatory
Meeting House
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When you are in the mountains,
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you must . . . .
climb one!
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Current weather
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Northern New Hampshire
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MountWashington
Littleton
notches
hike
White Mountains
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Franconia Notch
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When you are in the mountains,t
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you must . . . .
climb one!
Beaver Lodge
Sometimes . . . .
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Mountains fall down
This
was called The Old Man of theMountains
This is what it lookedlike before May 3 2003
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like before May 3, 2003
The collapse is called
mass wasting.
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It remains the symbol of the state.
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Cadillac Mountain
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Acadia National Park, Maine
What kind of rock is this?
Answer: Granite (Igneous)
Note: the differences between theseislands and the barrier islands found inthe Atlantic Coastal Plain.
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Acadia National Park
the Atlantic Coastal Plain.
Note: the topography
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Bar Harbor, Maine
Bar Harbor, Close Up
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Cottages!
Mt. Desert Island, Maine
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,
Fog
Acadia National Park
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Fog rolling in
Typical Shoreline
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yp
Tidal Pool
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Rockefellers Cottage
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g
New Brunswicka Canadian Maritime Province
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a Canadian Maritime Province
The brownish tinge in the water is fromdissolved tannins from leaves, notpollution
How wouldpeople haveused this
waterfall 200years ago?
Power=a mill
Gaspe Peninsula
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What religion are these Quebecois?
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Macropedia RiverGaspe Peninsula Quebec
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Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec
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This is how you can travel
cheaply!
Kouchbouguac National ParkNew Brunswick
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Beaches are extremely unusual: therefore, theNational Park was set apart.
New Brunswick
Why does this area look as it does?
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Dam
Lodge
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Flooding adjacent land
Humans are not the only animals tochange their environment.
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Saint John , New Brunswick
Note: the building material is wood.
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Paper Mill
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Why is this mill located here?
Water Power
What kind ofmill is it?
Bay of Fundy
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Bay of FundyShoreline
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At low tide
Mud flats
Bay of Fundy
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Fish Traps
Reversing Falls
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Why is it called that?
Hopewell Rocks, N.B.
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Hopewell Rocks, N.B.One hour later
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Hopewell
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Rocks
NewBrunswick
6 hours
later at
High tide
Note: the brownish water from silt suspended by tidal flow
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Have you ever walked on the sea floor?
Sedimentary RockConglomerate
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What are these?
barnacles
Hopewell Rocks, New Brunswick
One of the worlds weird places.
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Prince Edward Island
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Gulf of Saint Lawrence
Cape Cod Style HouseSmall
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Not usually this color!
Often with one of these parked next to it.
Square or
rectangular1 story
Cedar shinglesiding
Steep Gabledroof
Cheticamp, Nova Scotia
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The Maritimes are one of the fewplaces where fishing is still animportant (primary) industry!
And what are we fishing for?
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Hint
Lobster
Nova Scotia
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Average July Temperature = 64 FAverage January temperature = 23 F
Total Precipitation = 55 inches
Therefore its green.
N t d d id d ll
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Do you see evidence of a common export of NovaScotia?
Especially during the late fall
Christmas Trees
Note: rounded ridges and valley
Nova Scotia
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What resource is
this white rock?
Gypsum
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Cape Breton HighlandsNational Park
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Cape Breton HighlandsNational Park
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This scenic drive around thecoast is named after thefirst European explorer inthe area. Who was he?
Cape Breton HighlandsNational Park
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John Cabot
(The Cabot Trail)
Where the mountains meet the sea
The Barrens
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A 1500 foot plateau on whichthe climate is cool enough so
that a stunted boreal forestgrows here.
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A rapidly eroding cliff
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Lets hit the beach!Date = June 28; Temp = 44 F
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Date = June 28; Temp.= 44 F
How do youcatch alobster?
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Sometimes trapswith capturedprey wash up
during storms.
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The battle continues:A peninsula becoming an island
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In most places the sea is winning!
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A lodge
What type of rock is it?
Igneous
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Igneous
Definitionsn Igneous Rock which is the result of
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n Igneous Rock which is the result of
cooling magma: i.e. granite, basalt,rhyolite, etc.n Maritime Province Three small Canadian
provinces on the Atlantic Ocean: New
Brunswick, Prince Edward Island & NovaScotia
n Cape Cod House a 17th-19th century,square, 1-story house with a steep,
gabled roof (possibly cedar shingle) sidingbuilt in New England and the Maritimes
n Mill a building using machinery to turnraw materials into products: a factory
NORTH AMERICAN
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Click to edit Master subtitle style
REGIONSII. Appalachian System
Ridge and Valley
Th E d
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