IIb.appalachian System--Ridge & Valley

8/3/2019 IIb.appalachian System--Ridge & Valley

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NORTH AMERICANREGIONS

II. Appalachian System

b) Ridge and Valley


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Pi

edmont

Rid

geand

Valle

y

Plate

au


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Key

n Red-Term to define and remember

n Yellow-Place to locate and remember

n

Green-Resource to know andremember

n Bright Green-Agricultural product

(crop) to remembern White, Blue and Brown-Narration to

help understanding


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Great Smoky Mountains

National Park


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Most Rugged Part of the Appalachian Mountains


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To really see the most visited

National Park you have to getout of your car and on the . . .


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From Clingmans Domethe highest point in the park

Note: the dead and dying trees.

Caused by:

An infestation of a species of naturally re-occurring caterpillar


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Where the clouds meet the land


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Appalachian Trailthrough mountain mahogany


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Thunderhead Mountain

Why dont you want to be on a mountain as astorm approaches?


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As we hurried off ThunderheadMountain we found a . . .

Shelter

Yes, we cleaned it up!


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By the following morningThe rain had turned to . . .


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Sledding, anyone?


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Spring

Mountain Laurel


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Azalea


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Animals I Have Known

newt


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The Smoky Mountains are the home to thelargest specimen of many species of treesdue to . . .

remote location reducing logging heavy (orographic) rainfall

Animals I have

seen


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Who has walked part of theAppalachian Trail?


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Cades Cove


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Great Smoky Mountains National Parkwas inhabited when the government

bought the land in the 1930s.

Why would the people havebeen willing to sell then?


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Cades Cove Cabin


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Cades Cove Cabin in Winter


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Great Smoky MountainsNational Park

I Like Signs

In a National


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In a NationalPark you can

enjoy nature

and

tranquility.


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Or . . .

You can go outside thepark to . . .

Gatlinburg, Tennessee


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You Decide


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Kingsport, Tennessee

Ridge Gap

How were the ridges formed?


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The Appalachian Mountainsare mostly folded mountains.

Most of the rock is sedimentary.


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FromNASA

Pennsyl-

vania


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Kingsport, Tennessee

Lets stand at the top of the ridgelooking down on the town in the gap.


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HolstonRiver

A tributary of the Tennessee


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Chattanooga, Tennessee

TennesseeRiver

Meander

From Lookout Mountain


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RidgeGap


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Gap

Modern

transpor

tation

usesthe

gap.


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Would you rather travel up and down theseridges,

or

along the floor of the gap?


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Pennsylvania & New York ridgesand valleys and gap


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Delaware (River) Water Gapon the border of

Pennsylvania and New Jersey


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FromNASA

Pennsyl-

vania


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Ridge and Valley

Shen

ando

ahRive

r

Meanders


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Cumberland Mountains, Virginia

Which way is travel easier?


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Cumberland Mountains, Virginia

Which way is travel easier?


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Cumberland Gap


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Cumberland Gap--yesteryear


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Notice how the roads and railroads focus here

And here

At the gaps


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Like this!

Cumberland Gap


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Cumberland Gapon the border of Virginia,

Kentucky, & Tennessee


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Along the Blue Ridge Parkway

The Blue Ridge Parkway was built by the US government


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The Blue Ridge Parkway was built by the US governmentduring the 1930s to give unemployed constructionworkers a job.

Unlike most mountain roads it travels along the tops ofthe ridges.

It extends for over 400 miles from Great SmokyMountains to Shenandoah National Parks.

It is two lanes and the speed limit is 45mph.

How does this elevation compare withSt. Louis?

With Denver?


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Mt. Mitchell?

6684The highest point in theAppalachians.

The highest point on the road.


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Roanoke Mountain

What would you do here?


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Definitions

n Orographic-caused by mountainsn Ridge-a long narrow hill or mountainn Gap-a pass through a ridge caused by a

rivern Folded mountains-mountains raised by

compression of a platen Sedimentary-a type of rock that was

formed from layers of deposited material,usually under water (i.e.: sandstone,shale, limestone, conglomerate)

n Tributary-a smaller stream that flows into

a larger river


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Great SmokyMtns. Nat. Park

Cumberland Gap

B

lu

e

R

id

g

e

Chattanooga

Mt.MitchellTe

nnessee

R.


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What is this black rock?

Coal

A sedimentary rock


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A coal mine

Coal Mine


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Coal Mine

Coal Mine


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Coal Mine

Mountain Top Mining


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p g

West Virginia-2003

http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/mountaintop_removal/007/Photo by Vivian Stockman
http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/mountaintop_removal/007/http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/mountaintop_removal/007/


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Coal

Chemical Industry

Raw Material


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West Virginia

Nestled in a Valley


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Institute, W. V.

Nitro, W. V.

Kana

whaR

iver


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West Virginia

But, some is pretty!


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Mountain Highways: Country Roads


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Three way gap

West Virginia

VirginiaMaryland

H F


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Shenando

ahRiver

Potomac River

Whats the name of the town?

Harpers Ferry


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Central Pennsylvania

?Gap


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FromNASA

Pennsyl-vania

Through the gap


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Northern Pennsylvania

Lake Ontario


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Rochester

Finger Lakes

Pennsylvania


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Otsego Lake

Fills a glacially carved valley


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Cooperstown, N.Y.

L k Ch l i


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Lake Champlain

On the border of New York and Vermont

Lake George


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Site of Fort Ticonderoga

Important during the French and Indian War and theRevolutionary War


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Vermont

Translation from the French = Green Mountains

Central Vermont


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Quechee Gorge, Vermont


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Covered Bridge


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U.S. (New Hampshire)-Canada (Quebec) border


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Northern New Hampshire

Littleton, N.H.


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White Mountains

Why would a town develop here?


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RIVER


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Shake Comm nit


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Shaker Community

Dormatory


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Dormatory

Meeting House


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When you are in the mountains,


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you must . . . .

climb one!


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Current weather
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http://www.weather.com/weather/today/Mount+Washington+NH+USNH0154


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Northern New Hampshire
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MountWashington

Littleton

notches

hike

White Mountains
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Franconia Notch


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When you are in the mountains,t


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you must . . . .

climb one!

Beaver Lodge

Sometimes . . . .
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Mountains fall down

This

was called The Old Man of theMountains

This is what it lookedlike before May 3 2003
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like before May 3, 2003

The collapse is called

mass wasting.


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It remains the symbol of the state.


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Cadillac Mountain


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Acadia National Park, Maine

What kind of rock is this?

Answer: Granite (Igneous)

Note: the differences between theseislands and the barrier islands found inthe Atlantic Coastal Plain.


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Acadia National Park

the Atlantic Coastal Plain.

Note: the topography
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Bar Harbor, Maine

Bar Harbor, Close Up


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Cottages!

Mt. Desert Island, Maine


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,

Fog

Acadia National Park


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Fog rolling in

Typical Shoreline


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yp

Tidal Pool


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Rockefellers Cottage


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g

New Brunswicka Canadian Maritime Province


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a Canadian Maritime Province

The brownish tinge in the water is fromdissolved tannins from leaves, notpollution

How wouldpeople haveused this

waterfall 200years ago?

Power=a mill

Gaspe Peninsula
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What religion are these Quebecois?


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Macropedia RiverGaspe Peninsula Quebec


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Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec


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This is how you can travel

cheaply!

Kouchbouguac National ParkNew Brunswick


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Beaches are extremely unusual: therefore, theNational Park was set apart.

New Brunswick

Why does this area look as it does?


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Dam

Lodge


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Flooding adjacent land

Humans are not the only animals tochange their environment.


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Saint John , New Brunswick

Note: the building material is wood.


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Paper Mill


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Why is this mill located here?

Water Power

What kind ofmill is it?

Bay of Fundy
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Bay of FundyShoreline


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At low tide

Mud flats

Bay of Fundy


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Fish Traps

Reversing Falls


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Why is it called that?

Hopewell Rocks, N.B.


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Hopewell Rocks, N.B.One hour later


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Hopewell


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Rocks

NewBrunswick

6 hours

later at

High tide

Note: the brownish water from silt suspended by tidal flow


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Have you ever walked on the sea floor?

Sedimentary RockConglomerate


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What are these?

barnacles

Hopewell Rocks, New Brunswick

One of the worlds weird places.
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Prince Edward Island


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Gulf of Saint Lawrence

Cape Cod Style HouseSmall


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Not usually this color!

Often with one of these parked next to it.

Square or

rectangular1 story

Cedar shinglesiding

Steep Gabledroof

Cheticamp, Nova Scotia
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The Maritimes are one of the fewplaces where fishing is still animportant (primary) industry!

And what are we fishing for?


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Hint

Lobster

Nova Scotia


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Average July Temperature = 64 FAverage January temperature = 23 F

Total Precipitation = 55 inches

Therefore its green.

N t d d id d ll


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Do you see evidence of a common export of NovaScotia?

Especially during the late fall

Christmas Trees

Note: rounded ridges and valley

Nova Scotia
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What resource is

this white rock?

Gypsum


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Cape Breton HighlandsNational Park


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This scenic drive around thecoast is named after thefirst European explorer inthe area. Who was he?

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John Cabot

(The Cabot Trail)

Where the mountains meet the sea

The Barrens


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A 1500 foot plateau on whichthe climate is cool enough so

that a stunted boreal forestgrows here.


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A rapidly eroding cliff


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Lets hit the beach!Date = June 28; Temp = 44 F


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Date = June 28; Temp.= 44 F

How do youcatch alobster?


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Sometimes trapswith capturedprey wash up

during storms.


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The battle continues:A peninsula becoming an island


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In most places the sea is winning!


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A lodge

What type of rock is it?

Igneous


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Igneous

Definitionsn Igneous Rock which is the result of


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n Igneous Rock which is the result of

cooling magma: i.e. granite, basalt,rhyolite, etc.n Maritime Province Three small Canadian

provinces on the Atlantic Ocean: New

Brunswick, Prince Edward Island & NovaScotia

n Cape Cod House a 17th-19th century,square, 1-story house with a steep,

gabled roof (possibly cedar shingle) sidingbuilt in New England and the Maritimes

n Mill a building using machinery to turnraw materials into products: a factory

NORTH AMERICAN
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REGIONSII. Appalachian System

Ridge and Valley

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IIb.appalachian System--Ridge & Valley