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7/31/2019 If These Planes Could Talk 5-12
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration
5-12GRADES
Museumin a
BOX
Museumin a
BOXSeries
AeronauticsResearchMissionDirectorate
I These Airplanes Could Talk
www.nasa.gov
http:///reader/full/www.nasa.govhttp:///reader/full/www.nasa.gov7/31/2019 If These Planes Could Talk 5-12
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(Photo courtesy o Courtesy o The National Museum o the United States Air Force)
I These Airplanes Could Talk
Lesson Overview
Through observation and inormation gathering
skills, students will learn the proper way to read
and interpret artiacts or museum exhibits. When
gathering inormation, students must ask six
questions who?, what?, when?, where?, why?
and how? to get the inormation needed to ully
understand what they are viewing. Though this
lesson is tailored to aviation, the concepts can be
applied to any type o exhibit or artiact that is on
display.
Note: We have provided photos and act sheets in the
Reference Materials section o our aircrat that are
currently on display in a museum. These may be used
i no museum exhibits are available.
Objectives
1. Students will gain a better understanding o the
history o an artiact or museum exhibit. Through
practice, students will also learn how to interpret
other exhibits or artiacts they encounter in the
uture.
Materials:
Museum exhibits or the aircrat photos and act sheets
located in the Reference Materials section
GRADES 5-12 Time Requirements: 20 minutes per artiact
2
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Background
History o Aviation
For many thousands o years, man has looked at the sky and dreamt o ying. Evidence o this can be ound in stories
such as Daedalus rom Greek mythology and Pushpaka Vimana o Ravana in Hindu mythology. The earliest knownattempts to y were made by ashioning wings, modeled ater birds wings and strapping them to human arms. This
method was unsuccessul but it did not deter people rom continuing to attempt to y.
The kite was the rst successul unmanned ying device and was
invented in China around 400 BC. Kites work by generating lit, just as
todays modern airplanes do. Devices that use this type o technology
are reerred to as heavierthanair aircrat.
About 100 years later in 300 BC, the Chinese invented the Kongming
lantern (Img. 1). Kongming lanterns (also called paper lanterns)
were constructed o a thin paper shell with a lamp or candle burning
underneath. The heat rom the lamp warmed the air in the bag which
caused the lantern to rise. The Montgoler Brothers expanded on this
discovery in 1782 and built the worlds rst hot air balloon, which works
according to the same principles only on a larger scale.
Kongming lanterns and hot air balloons both y because
gases, including air, become less dense when heated. The
heated air in the balloon is lighter than the cooler, denser
air outside o the balloon, and is thereore able to rise.
Devices that use this technology are classied as lighter-
thanair aircrat.
Throughout the centuries, people around the world studied
ight and developed many dierent kinds o ying devices,
including gliders made o lightweight wood, and airships,
such as the Macon Airship (Img. 2). In 1485, Leonardo da
Vinci designed a hang glider, called The Ornithopter, with
xed wings and some movable control suraces. Although
he never built the device, his design provided the basis or
the modern day helicopter. During the early 19th century,
several men made ying machines which used various
technologies to power their aircrat, including electricity
and steam.
It wasnt until the early 20th Century that ight as we
know it today emerged. Aircrat began to be made o
Img. 2 Macon Airship
Img. 1 Kongming latern
(Photo courtesy o NASA www.nasaimages.org)
(Photo courtesy o Wikipedia, GNU Free Documentation License)
Img. 3 Reenactors in ront o a replica Fokker Dr. I triplane
(Photo courtesy o The National Museum o the United States Air Force)
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4
aluminum instead o wood and abric.
Aviators experimented with several types
o wing structures, including monoplane,
which means one set o wings, biplane, and
triplane (Img.3). As they rened their designs,
monoplanes were made with various wing
designs and many control suraces (ailerons,
elevator, rudder, etc.; see Figure 1) were added
and modied.
In the years since the Wright Brothers rst
ight in a controlled, enginepowered aircrat,
the distances we have been able to y have
increased dramatically, rom the 120 eet o
Orville and Wilburs Wright Flyer, to several
thousand miles. By 1969 aircrat were taking
man to the moon and todays longestrange
passenger airplanes can y hal way around the
world nonstop.
Aircrat Identication
Every aircrat has a story. You can tell a lot about an aircrat by
looking at the markings and inscriptions located on the uselage
and wings. Civilian aircrat have an alphanumeric registration
number (Img. 4), which is similar to the license plate on an
automobile. The alphanumeric markings or aircrat registered
in the United States begin with the letter N. They are reerred
to as tail numbers because they are usually displayed on the
tail o the aircrat, although older aircrat had them displayed on
the underside o the wing so they could be read by someone
on the ground whilst the aircrat was in ight.
Military aircrat also have insignia on the uselage, wings, or
tail. This insignia identies the nation or air orce to which
the aircrat belongs (Img. 5). Many military planes also have
identication numbers similar to civilian aircrat. The rst o
such markings appeared in 1913.
Fig. 1 Parts o an airplane
Aileron
Radio
Antenna
Fuel
Tank(located inside
the wing)
(body ofthe aircraft)
Engine
Propeller Fuselage
Nose Gear
Landing
GearNavigation
Light
Navigation
Light
FlapsHorizontalStabilizer
Elevator
Rudder
Rotating
Beacon
Vertical
Stabilizer
Elevator
Trim Tab
Img. 4 Civilian aircrat registration
number
Img. 5 Military aircrat insignia
(Photo courtesy o NASA www.nasaimages.org)
(Photo courtesy o NASA www.nasaimages.org)
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Activity 1
GRADES 5-12
Materials:
Museum exhibits
or the aircrat photos
and act sheets
located in the
Reference Materials
section
Worksheets
Artiacts
(Worksheet 1)
Reerence Materials
1903 Wright Flyer
(Fact Sheet 1)
Fokker Dr. 1
(Fact Sheet 2)
SR71
(Fact Sheet 3)
Boeing VC137C
(Fact Sheet 4)
Key Terms:
Biplane
Fuselage
High Wing
Jet Engine
Low Wing
Monoplane
Interpreting an Artiact
Time Requirement: 20 minutes per artiact
Objective:
Students will gain a better
understanding o the history o
an artiact or museum exhibit.
Students will also learn how to
interpret other exhibits or artiacts
that they encounter in the uture.
Activity Overview:
While at an aviation museum, students will
view various aircrat and ask the questions
who?, what?, when?, where?, why?
and how? to gain a better understanding
o each aircrats history.
(Photo courtesy o NASA
www.nasaimages.org)
Activity:Prior to beginning this activity, provide the students with an oral summary o
the Background inormation or have the students read it themselves.
While at a museum, have the students view various aircrat and ask the questions
who?, what?, when?, where?, why? and how? about each exhibit.
Encourage the students to use their background knowledge and the context
clues in the exhibit to iner what the answers to these questions might be beore
looking at the inormation provided by the museum. (Ex: I the plane has guns
attached, it was probably used by a military.) I a museum is not available, have
the students look at the photos and act sheets provided in the Reference
Materials section. Discuss the answers to each o the questions provided with
your students. Be sure to check the validity o any deduced answers; this can be
done by asking your museum guide, reviewing the inormation provided about
the exhibit, or by perorming additional independent research.
The provided answers reerence the aircrat included in the Reference Materials
section. Your answers will dier by exhibit.Triplane
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Discussion Points:
Who:
Who developed the aircrat?
Who used the aircrat?
Who is associated with this aircrat? (country, group, or individual)
What:
What was the unction o the aircrat? (note any markings or inscriptions)
What materials are used? (wood, abric, metal)
What style o wing design is used? (monoplane, biplane or triplane)
What type o wing placement does the aircrat have? (high wing, low wing)
What propulsion system does this aircrat use? (propeller or jet; single or multiple engines)
When:
When was the aircrat produced?
When was the aircrat fown?
When was the aircrat retired?
Where:
Where was the aircrat produced?
Where was the aircrat registered?
Where was the aircrat used?
Why:
Why would a museum keep this airplane?
Why is this airplane important to local, regional, national or international history?
How:
How was it used?
6
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Answers or 1903 Wright Flyer
Who:
Who developed the aircrat?
The Wright Brothers, Orville and Wilbur Wright
Who used the aircrat?
The Wright Brothers, Orville and Wilbur Wright
Who is associated with this aircrat?
(country, group, or individual)
Orville and Wilbur Wright, rom the United States o
America; urther research indicates they were rom
Dayton, Ohio
What:
What was the unction o the aircrat?
(note any markings or inscriptions)
To become the worlds rst successul powered
heavier-than-air ying machine; to contribute to urthering
the science o aviation
What materials are used? (wood, abric, metal)
The airrame was made o wood with muslin abric
covering the wings; the engine crankcase was aluminum
What style o wing design is used?
(monoplane, biplane or triplane)
Biplane
What type o wing placement does the aircrat
have? (high wing, low wing)
N/A
What propulsion system does this aircrat use?
(propeller or jet; single or multiple engines)
Single combustion engine; 12-horsepower Wright
horizontal our cylinder engine with twin propellers
When:
When was the aircrat produced?
1903
When was the aircrat used?
1903
When was the aircrat retired?
Unknown rom the data provided; urther research
shows it was damaged beyond repair on the same
day o its inaugural ight, Dec 17, 1903
Where:
Where was the aircrat produced?
Unknown rom the data provided; urther research
indicates it was built in the Wright Brothers bicycle
shop in Dayton, OH
Where was the aircrat registered?
This aircrat was never registered; it was built beore
the registration system was established
Where was the aircrat fown?
Kittyhawk, NC
Why:
Why would a museum keep this airplane?
It was the rst powered airplane to y
Why is this airplane important to local, regional,
national or international history?
It was used or the rst ight in the world
How:
How was it used?
It was used as a test plane, own in a dirt eld several times
over the course o one day (December 17, 1903)
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Answers or Fokker Dr. 1
Who:
Who developed the aircrat?
Fokker; urther research indicates Fokker was a Dutchaircrat manuacturer named ater its ounder, Anthony
Fokker
Who used the aircrat?
The German army during WWI
Who is associated with this aircrat?
(country, group, or individual)
Manred von Richthoen (the Red Baron) is well
known or winning many dogghts using this planeduring WWI
What:
What was the unction o the aircrat?
(note any markings or inscriptions)
It was a ghter plane in WWI; the Iron Cross symbols
indicate that it is a German plane
What materials are used? (wood, abric, metal)
Unable to determine based on inormation provided;
urther research indicates it was made rom abric covered
steel tubes
What style o wing design is used?
(monoplane, biplane or triplane)
Triplane
What type o wing placement does the aircrat
have? (high wing, low wing)
N/A
What propulsion system does this aircrat use?
(propeller or jet; single or multiple engines)
Single combustion engine with a propeller
When:
When was the aircrat produced?
The rst o these planes were produced in 1917
When was the aircrat used?
1917 - 1918
When was the aircrat retired?
Circa 1918
Where:
Where was the aircrat produced?
Unknown rom the data provided; urther researchindicates the company that built it, Fokker, started in
Schwerin, Germany in 1912, and moved to the Netherlands
in 1919
Where was the aircrat registered?
This aircrat was never registered; it was built beore
the registration system was established
Where was the aircrat fown?
On the Western Front and elsewhere during WWI
Why:
Why would a museum keep this airplane?
It is a replica o a very amous type o plane used in World
War I and one o a very ew types o biplane ever built
Why is this airplane important to local, regional,
national or international history?
It helped the Germans ght in WWI
How:
How was it used?
In military battles
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Answer or Lockheed SR71A
Who:
Who developed the aircrat?
Lockheed Aircrat Corporation
Who used the aircrat?
The U.S. Air Force
Who is associated with this aircrat?
(country, group, or individual)
Maj. Jerome F. OMalley and
Maj. Edward D. Payne
What:
What was the unction o the aircrat?
(note any markings or inscriptions)
To y long-range, advanced, strategic reconnaissance
missions (reconnaissance ights are own or
inormation-gathering and surveying purposes)
What materials are used? (wood, abric, metal)
Unable to determine based on inormation provided,
though the photo indicates it is made mostly o metal
What style o wing design is used?(monoplane, biplane or triplane)
Monoplane
What type o wing placement does the aircrat
have? (high wing, low wing)
Low wing
What propulsion system does this aircrat use?
(propeller or jet; single or multiple engines)
Multiple jet engines; Two Pratt & Whitney J58s with
32,500lbs. o thrust each with aterburner
When:
When was the aircrat produced?
Unknown rom the data provided; these aircrat rstentered service in 1966
When was the aircrat used?
1966 1998
When was the aircrat retired?
U.S. Air Force retired its eet o SR-71s on Jan. 26, 1990
Where:
Where was the aircrat produced?
Unknown rom the data provided; urther research
indicates it was built by Lockheed Aircrat Corporation at
The Skunkworks in Palmdale, Caliornia
Where was the aircrat registered?
The United States o America
Where was the aircrat fown?
The aircrat was used world-wide
Why:
Why would a museum keep this airplane?
Throughout its nearly 24-year career, the SR-71 remained
the worlds astest and highest-ying operational aircrat.;
it also set records or speed and altitude
Why is this airplane important to local, regional,
national or international history?
It helped the U.S. military gather inormation
about their enemies
How:
How was it used?
In military reconnaissance missions
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Answer or Boeing VC137C (Boeing 707)
Who:
Who developed the aircrat?
Boeing Aircrat Corporation
Who used the aircrat?
Several U.S. Presidents, diplomats and other dignitaries and
ofcials
Who is associated with this aircrat?
(country, group, or individual)
The United States, specically the President o the
United States and the U.S. Airorce
What:
What was the unction o the aircrat?
(note any markings or inscriptions)
To y the President o the United States and other
government ofcials
What materials are used? (wood, abric, metal)
Unable to determine based on inormation provided,
though the photos indicate it is made mostly o metal
What style o wing design is used?
(monoplane, biplane or triplane)
Monoplane
What type o wing placement does the aircrat
have? (high wing, low wing)
Low wing
What propulsion system does this aircrat use?
(propeller or jet; single or multiple engines)
Multiple jet engines; Four Pratt & Whitney TF33
(JT3D-3B) turboans with 18,000 lbs. thrust each
When:
When was the aircrat produced?
1962
When was the aircrat used?
1962 - 1998
When was the aircrat retired?
1998
Where:
Where was the aircrat produced?
At the Boeing actory in Renton, Washington
Where was the aircrat registered?
The United States o America
Where was the aircrat fown?
World-wide
Why:
Why would a museum keep this airplane?
It was the rst airplane made specically or use by the
President o the United States
Why is this airplane important to local, regional,
national or international history?
It was the rst airplane built specically or Presidential
use and it was own on many historic journeys, such as
returning John F. Kennedys body to Washington ater his
assassination in 1963
How:
How was it used?
It was used to transport the President, diplomats and other
dignitaries and ofcials
1 0
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NATIONAL SCIENCE STANDARDS 5-8
SCIENCE AS INQUIRY
Abilities necessary to do scientic inquiry
Understandings about scientic inquiry
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Properties and changes of properties in matter
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Abilities of technological design
Understanding about science and technology
NATIONAL SCIENCE STANDARDS 9-12
SCIENCE AS INQUIRY
Abilities necessary to do scientic inquiry
Understandings about scientic inquiry
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Structure and properties of matter
Interactions of energy and matter
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Abilities of technological design
Understanding about science and technology
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1 2
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Reerence Materials
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Fact Sheet 1 1903 Wright Flyer
Img. 6 The Wright Brothers First Flight; December 17, 1903
(Photo courtesy o Wikipedia, GNU Free Documentation License)
Summary:
The Wright brothers inaugurated the aerial age
with the worlds rst successul ights o a poweredheavierthanair ying machine. The Wright Flyer
was the product o a sophisticated ouryear program
o research and development conducted by Wilbur
and Orville Wright beginning in 1899. Ater building
and testing three ullsized gliders, the Wrights rst
powered airplane ew at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina,
on December 17, 1903, making a 12second ight,
traveling 36 m (120 t), with Orville piloting. The best
ight o the day, with Wilbur at the controls, covered
255.6 m (852 t) in 59 seconds.
The Wrights pioneered many o the basic tenets and
techniques o modern aeronautical engineering, such
as the use o a wind tunnel and ight testing as design
tools. Their seminal accomplishment encompassed
not only the breakthrough rst ight o an airplane, but
also the equally important achievement o establishing
the oundation o aeronautical engineering.
Date: 1903
Country of Origin: United States o America
Dimensions:
Wingspan: 12.3 m (40 t 4 in)
Length: 6.4 m (21 t 1 in)
Height: 2.8 m (9 t 4 in)
Weight: Empty, 274 kg (605 lb) / Gross, 341 kg (750 lb
Materials: Airrame: Wood / Fabric Covering: Muslin
Engine Crankcase: Aluminum
Physical Description: Canard biplane with one
12horsepower Wright horizontal ourcylinder engine
driving two pusher propellers via sprocketandchain
transmission system. No wheels; skids or landing gear.
Natural abric nish; no sealant or paint o any kind.
Content rom The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum
1 4
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Fact Sheet 2 Fokker Dr. 1
Img. 10 1917 Fokker Dr. 1
(Photo courtesy o The National Museum o the United States Air Force)
Summary:
Few aircrat have received the attention given the
Fokker Dr. I triplane. Oten linked with the career o
World War Is highest scoring ace, Germanys Rittmeister
Manred von Richthoen (the Red Baron), the nimble
Dr. I earned a reputation as one o the best dogghters
o the war.
The German air orce ordered the Fokker Dr. I in the
summer o 1917, ater the earlier success o the British
Sopwith triplane. The rst Dr. I planes appeared
over the Western Front in August 1917. Pilots were
impressed with its agility, and several scored victories
with the highly maneuverable triplane. Von Richthoen
score 19 o his last 21 victories were achieved while he
was ying the Dr. I. By May 1918, however, the Dr. I was
being replaced by the newer and aster Fokker D. VII.
Although Fokker built a total o 320 o these aircrat,
none have survived. This reproduction is painted to
Armament:Two 7.92mm Spandau LMG 08/15 machine
guns
Engine: Oberursel Ur II o 110 hp or LeRhone o 110 hp
Maximum speed: 103 mph
Range: 185 miles
Ceiling: 19,685 t.
Span: 23 t. 7 in.
Length: 18 t. 11 in.
Height: 9 t. 8 in.
Weight: 891 lbs. empty; 1,291 lbs. loaded
represent the aircrat own by Lt. Arthur Rahn in April
1918 when he served with Jagdstael 19. Lt. Rahn is
credited with six conrmed victories. The aircrat was
placed on display in April 1994.
Content rom The National Museum o the United States Air Force
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Fact Sheet 3 Lockheed SR71A
Img. 11 Lockheed SR71A
(Photo courtesy o Wikipedia, GNU Free Documentation License)
Summary:
The SR71, unofcially known as the Blackbird, is a
longrange, advanced, strategic reconnaissance aircrat
developed rom the Lockheed A12 and YF12A aircrat.
The rst ight o an SR71 took place on Dec. 22, 1964,
and the rst SR71 to enter service was delivered to the
4200th (later 9th) Strategic Reconnaissance Wing at Beale
Air Force Base, Cali., in January 1966. The U.S. Air Force
retired its eet o SR71s on Jan. 26, 1990, because o a
decreasing deense budget and high costs o operation.
Throughout its nearly 24year career, the SR71 remained
the worlds astest and highestying operational aircrat.
From 80,000 eet, it could survey 100,000 square miles
o Earths surace per hour. On July 28, 1976, an SR71
set two world records or its class an absolute speed
record o 2,193.167 mph and an absolute altitude record
o 85,068.997 eet.
On March 21, 1968, in the aircrat on display, Maj. (later
Gen.) Jerome F. OMalley and Maj. Edward D. Payne made
the rst operational SR71 sortie. During its career, this
Armament: None
Engines: Two Pratt & Whitney J58s o 32,500 lbs. thrust
each with aterburner
Crew:Two
Maximum speed: Mach 3+ (three times the speed o
sound) or over 2,000 mph
Range: More than 2,900 statute miles
Ceiling: Over 85,000 t.
Span: 55 t. 7 in.
Length: 107 t. 5 in.
Height: 18 t. 6 in.
Weight: 140,000 lbs. loaded
Serial number: 617976
aircrat accumulated 2,981 ying hours and ew 942
total sorties (more than any other SR71), including 257
operational missions, rom Beale Air Force Base, Cali.,
Palmdale, Cali., Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, and RAF
(Base), Mildenhall, England. The aircrat was own to the
museum in March 1990.
Content rom The National Museum o the United States Air Force
1 6
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Fact Sheet 4 Boeing VC137C (Boeing 707)
Img. 12 SAM 26000, a Boeing VC137C landing at the National Museum o the United States Air Force in Dayton, OH
(Photo courtesy o The National Museum o the United States Air Force)
Summary:
This U.S. Air Force Boeing VC137C aircrat (civilian
designation 707320B) was the rst jet made specically
or use by the President o the United States. Built in
1962, it served many presidents over three decades,
carrying heads o state, diplomats and other dignitaries
and ofcials on many historic journeys.
Popularly known as SAM 26000 (Special Air Mission;
tail number 26000), the aircrat has also been called Air
Force One though this designation was used ofcially
only when the president was aboard. During the 1950s,
the call sign o the presidential aircrat was the prex
SAM ollowed by the aircrats tail number, and the name
Air Force One was later chosen to ensure there was no
question as to where the presidents aircrat was and
whether the president was aboard. Because President
Kennedy did not name his aircrat as had ormer
presidents, the news media popularized the call sign
Air Force One as this aircrats name.
On Oct. 10, 1962, VC137C number 26000 entered USAF
service directly rom the Boeing assembly line in
Renton, Wash. President Kennedy had the aircrat
painted in striking blue and white instead o the usual
military colors to give it a distinctive look. The title
United States o America was emblazoned on the
ueselage and an American ag was painted on the tail.
This aircrat carried eight presidents: Kennedy, Johnson,
Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan, George H.W. Bush and
Clinton.
In December 1972 another Boeing 707320, aircrat
27000, became the primary presidential aircrat and
26000 became a backup, ying vice presidents and
other highranking government ofcials. In 1990 SAM
26000 let the presidential eet, but it continued to y
government ofcials, including Secretary o State James
Baker. Prior to the 1991 Gul War, he went abroad in
26000 or talks with Iraqi leaders about removing their
troops rom Kuwait.
SAM 26000 ew President Kennedy to Berlin in 1963,
where he declared to West Berliners, Ich bin ein Berliner,
assuring them o continuing United States support in
Continued >>
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the ace o Communist threats and the construction
o the Berlin Wall. Kennedy also ew aboard SAM
26000 to Dallas, Texas, where he was assassinated
on Nov. 22, 1963 and it was on this airplane that
Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as
the new president. SAM 26000 then carried John
F. Kennedys body and President Johnson back to
Washington, D.C. Johnson also used 26000 to visit
U.S. troops in Vietnam during the Southeast Asia
War.
Beginning in 1970, President Nixons national
security advisor, Dr. Henry Kissinger, used the
aircrat or 13 trips to Paris, France, or secret meetings
with the North Vietnamese. In February 1972 President
Nixon ew aboard SAM 26000 on his historic Journey
or Peace to the Peoples Republic o China (the rst visit
by an American president to China). In May 1972 SAM
26000 carried Nixon to the Soviet Union.
In October 1981 the aircrat ew Presidents Nixon, Ford
and Carter, and ormer Secretary o State Dr. Kissinger to
the uneral o the slain Egyptian president Anwar Sadat.
In March 1983 Queen Elizabeth II o the United Kingdom
ew on SAM26000 during her trip to the United States
when she visited the West Coast.
At a nationally televised event in May 1998, the USAF
retired SAM 26000 at the museum. This aircrat provided
36 years o service and accumulated more than 13,000
ying hours.
Maximum speed: 604 mph
Ceiling: Above 43,000 t.
Range: 6,000+ miles
Engines: Four Pratt & Whitney TF33 (JT3D3B) turboans
o 18,000 lbs. thrust each
Load: 40 passengers or 26,200 lbs. o cargo
Crew: 7 or 8
Fact Sheet 4 Continued
Img. 13 SAM 26000 on display at the National Museum o the
United States Air Force in Dayton, OH
(Photo courtesy o Courtesy o The National Museum o the United States Air Force)
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Fig.
1Partsofanairp
lane
Vertical
Stabilizer
Ro
tating
Aileron
Radio
Antenna
Fuel
Tank
(locatedinside
thewing)
(bodyof
theaircraft)
Engin
e
Propeller
Fuselage
Landin
g
Gear
Navigation
Light
Navigation
Light
Flaps
Horiz
ontal
Stab
ilizer
Elevator
Rudder
Beacon
Elevator
TrimT
ab
NoseGear
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Glossary
Biplane:
An airplane with two pairs o wings stacked vertically on top o each other
Control Surface:
Attached to the wings and tail, these moveable parts are used or steering or controlling an aircrat (example:
ailerons, elevator, rudder)
Fuselage:
The main body o an aircrat where the wings and tail are attached
High Wing:
The design o an airplane where the wings are level with or above the top o the uselage
Jet Engine:
An engine design which use turbines to create thrust
Low Wing:
The design o an airplane where the wings are attached to the center or bottom hal o the uselage
Monoplane:
An airplane with one main set o wings
Triplane:
An airplane with three vertically stacked wings
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Student Worksheets
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Worksheet 1 Artiacts
Artiact Name:
Who:
Who developed the aircrat?
Who used the aircrat?
Who is associated with this aircrat? (country, group, or individual)
What:
What was the unction o the aircrat? (note any markings or inscriptions)
What materials are used? (wood, abric, metal)
What style o wing design is used? (monoplane, biplane or triplane)
What type o wing placement does the aircrat have? (high wing, low wing)
What propulsion system does this aircrat use? (propeller or jet; single or multiple engines)
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Worksheet 1 Continued
When:
When was the aircrat produced?
When was the aircrat used?
When was the aircrat retired?
Where:
Where was the aircrat produced?
Where was the aircrat registered?
Where was the aircrat fown?
Why:
Why would a museum keep this airplane?
Why is this airplane important to local, regional, national or international history?
How:
How was it used?
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Images
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Img.1Kongminglatern
(PhotocourtesyofWik
ipedia,GNUFreeDocumentationLicense)
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Img.
2MaconAirship
(PhotocourtesyofNASA-www.nasaimages.org)
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Img.3ReenactorsinfrontofareplicaFokkerDr.Itriplane
(PhotocourtesyofTheNationalMuseumoftheUnitedStatesAirForce)
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Img.
4Civilianaircraftregistrationnumber
(PhotocourtesyofNASA-www.nasaimages.org)
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Img.5Militaryaircraftinsignia
(Photo
courtesyofNASA-www.nasaimages.org)
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Img.
6TheWrightBrothersFirstFlight;Decem
ber17,1903
(PhotocourtesyofWikipedia,GNUFreeDocumentationLicense)
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Img.7TheWrightBrothers1903aircraft,theWrightFlyer,intheSmith
sonianNationalAirandSp
aceMuseum
(Photocourtesy
ofSmithsonianNationalAirandSpaceMuseum)
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Img.
8TheWrightBrothers1903aircraft,theW
rightFlyer,intheSmithso
nianNationalAirandSpac
eMuseum
(Photo
courtesyof
Wikipedia,G
NUFreeDoc
umentation
License)
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Img.9The1903W
rightFlyerintheSmithsonianNationalAirandSpaceMuseum,May1982
(Photocourtesy
ofWikipedia,GNUFreeDocumentationLicense)
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Img.
101917FokkerDr.1
(PhotocourtesyofTheNationalMuseumoftheUnitedStatesAirForce)
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Img.11Lockheed
SR-71A
(Photocourtesy
ofWikipedia,GNUFreeDocumentationLicense)
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Img.
12SAM26000,aBoeingVC-137Clanding
attheNationalMuseumo
ftheUnitedStatesAirForceinDayton,OH
(PhotocourtesyofTheNationalMuseumoftheUnitedStatesAirForce)
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Img.13SAM26000ondisplayattheNation
alMuseumoftheUnitedS
tatesAirForceinDayton,O
H
(PhotocourtesyofCourtesyofThe
NationalMuseumoftheUnitedStatesAirForce)
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AeronauticsResearchMissionDirectorate
M m
in a
BOX
Museum
in a
BOXSeries
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