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Verónica y Los Latinos – gramática: Preludio

LAPRONUNCIACIÓN

I. LASVOCALES:

VowelsoundsinSpanisharepronouncedaspuresounds,short induration,unlikevowelsinEnglishthatoftenchangeastheyarepronounced.

a(ah)e(Aoreh)i(ee)o(oh)u(oo)

Yotedaré

Tedaré,niñahermosa

Tedaréunacosa

Unacosaqueyosólosé:

¡CAFÉ!

Thevowelsu&iareweak,anda,e,&oarestrong.Thecombinationofastrongandaweakvowelformsadiphthong.Twoweakvowelsalsoformonesound,buttwostrongvowels, suchas those in thewords “crear”and “leer” arebothpronounced. Practicediphthongsasyoucountfromonetoten:uno (1),dos (2), tres (3), cuatro (4), cinco (5), seis (6), siete (7),ocho (8),nueve (9),diez(10)Aweakvowelbecomesstrongwhenanaccentmarkisplacedoverit:

Compare:Buenosdías,María.Hola,Mario.

II. LASCONSONANTES:

ThefollowingconsonantsresembletheirEnglishcounterparts:

c: Theletter“c”producesbotha“k”soundandan“s”,asitdoesinEnglish. casa(k) cena(s) cine(s) CocaCola(k) cuna(k) house supper movietheater CocaCola cradle

ch: champaña cheque chico chocolate chubasco champagne check boy chocolate downpour

d: “D”isliketheEnglish“d”exceptwhenitisbetweentwovowelsorattheendofaword,whereitispronouncedlikeavoiced“th”,asintheword“the”:

LiketheEnglish“d”: Daniel de Diana dónde dulce Daniel of,from Diana where sweet UnliketheEnglish“d”: nada idea pediatra adónde educación nothing idea pediatrician towhere education

f: familia feliz fiesta folklórico fumar family happy party folkloric tosmoke

k: “K”isusedinwordsofforeignoriginbutisnotaletteroftheSpanishalphabet:

kayak kilo

l: lana lema Lima loco luna wool motto Lima crazy moon

m: mamá mesa mito moneda música mom table myth coin music

n: nana nene nido no nunca grandma baby nest no never

p: TheSpanish“p”doesnotproduceair,likeitdoesinEnglish.Topracticethissound,placeyourhandinfrontofyourmouthorwatchtheflameofacandleasyoulearntostoptheflowofairfromyourmouthasyoupronounce“p”:PapápreparapapasparaelPapa.

papá película Pilar poema puma dad film Pilar poem puma

s: Samuel sección sí sol Susana Samuel section yes sun Susan

t: Pushthetipofyourtongueagainstthebackofyourfrontteethtosay“t”: tata tema tío tonto tú grandpa theme uncle fool you

y: yanqui yeso yi yoga Yankee plaster “y” yoga

TheremainingconsonantsdiffermorefromthoseinEnglish:

bandvarebothpronouncedlike“b”inEnglishwhentheyarenotbetweenvowels:

banana beneficio bicicleta bonito butaca banana benefit bicycle pretty armchair vacío vena vino voto vudú empty vain wine vote voodoo

Bypronouncing“b”withoutpressingyourlipsastightlytogetheryoucansoftenboththe“b”and“v”whentheyoccurbetweenvowels:abanico ave evidente Iván abundantefan bird evident Ivan abundant

g: “G”beforea,o,anduisliketheEnglish“g”intheword“go”.Before“e”or“i” itislikean“h”soundthatisproducedfurtherbackinthethroat: gasolina general gimnasio golf gusto gas general gymnasium golf pleasure

j: “J”ispronouncedliketheSpanish“g”before“e”or“i”: jajaja jefe jipijapa jovial justicia hahaha! Boss Panamahat jovial justice

h: “H”isalwayssilent: habla helado hilo honesto humano speaks icecream thread honest human

ll: Double“l”soundslike“y”: llama lleno capillita llorar lluvia flame full smallchapel tocry rain

ñ: “ny”intheEnglishword“canyon”isequalto“ñ”: ñandú niñez niño rhea childhood boy

qu: “qu”makesa“k”soundbefore“e”and“i”: ¿qué? ¿quién? what who

r: “R”isarticulatedlikethe“tt”in“butter”or“better”orthe“dd”intheword “ladder”unlessitisthefirstletteroftheword:

cara quiere iris Euro Uruguay face wants iris Euro Uruguay

rr: Double“r”and“r”asthefirstletterofawordarebothtrilled: carro recibo río churro rumor car receipt river churro murmurRconrbarril,rconrcarril,rápidocorrenloscarros,loscarrosdelferrocarril.

x: “X”in“México”and“Texas”ispronouncedliketheletter“h”,but“x”in mostcasesissimilartotheEnglish“x”: excelente extra existir expedición exuberante

excellent extra toexist expedition exuberant

z: “Z”islike“s”: zapato zigzag zoológico zumbido shoe zigzag zoo buzzing

III.ELALFABETO:

a–a j–jota r–ereb–be(begrande) (k–ka) rr–errec–ce l–ele s–esech–che ll–elle t–ted–de m–eme u–ue–e n–ene v–uve(bechica)f–efe ñ–enye (w–doblev)g–ge o–o x–equish–hache p–pe y–igriega,yii–i q–cu z–zeta

IV.LOSACENTOS:DancingLadiesRideZebras.

ThesecondtothelastsyllableofaSpanishwordisstressed,ifthewordendsinanyletterotherthan–d,–l,–r,or–z,inwhichcase,thelastsyllableisstressed.Writtenaccentsmarksareusedinwordsthatdonotfollowthisrule.

Pronouncethefollowingwords: señora señorita moreno inteligente nosotros

compañero mariposas escuchamos cantante hermosa

Endingind,l,r,orz:

sensacional jaguar feliz porfavor español

Wordsrequiringaccentmarks:

emoción fácil inglés azulturquí bebés

Another functionof anaccentmark is todistinguishwords that are spelled the samebuthavedifferentmeanings:

si=if el=the(masc) solo=alone te=you

sí=yes él=he sólo=only té=tea

Theweakvowelsuandi,requireaccentmarksiftheyaretobepronouncedasaseparatesyllable.Otherwise,theyformadiphthong: iglesia María Mario río

Interrogativewordsareaccented:

¿Cómo? ¿Qué? ¿Adónde? ¿Quién?

Preludio

Un paseo en la se lva

Gramáticasimplificada:

Studyingaforeignlanguageisagoodwaytolearnortoreviewthegrammarofyournativelanguage. The introduction to the grammatical concepts in Spanish includes a briefexplanationinEnglishofthepartsofspeech.

1.NOUNS–Lossustantivos

a.GENDEROFNOUNS–ElgénerodelossustantivosAnounisaperson,placeorthingandapropernounisaname.IntheSpanishlanguage,all nouns are categorized according to gender. A noun is either mascline or feminine,usuallywithoutanylogicalconnectiontowhatoneusuallyassociateswiththemasculineorfemininegender.Asyoumemorizevocabulary,youwillbeexpectedtoknowthegenderofeachwordinordertoproperlyuseitinwrittenandspokenSpanish.

Masculinenounsusuallyendin-o: crepúsculo(twilight)Femininenounsusuallyendin-a: selva(jungle)ortheyendin-dad,-tad,-ión: verdad(truth),libertad(liberty),civilización,información…

Excepciones:

1. Manywordsthatendin–ma aremasculine: problema,sistema,drama,idioma(language),telegrama

2. Masculinenounsendingin–a:eldía(day),elmapa(map)

3. Manywordsendinginthesuffix–ista canbeeithermasculineorfeminineasintheprofessionsartistaoreconomista.“El”artistaand“el”economistaareamaleartistandeconomist,while“la”artistaand“la”economistarefertoafemaleartistandeconomist.

4. Femininenounsendingin–o:lamano(hand)

GREETINGS: Hola Hello Buenosdías(m.) Goodmorning,goodday Buenastardes(f.) Goodafternoon,evening Buenasnoches(f.) Goodnight

¿Cómoestáusted? Howareyou? ¿Quétal? Howisitgoing?

Estoy: Iam: (muy)bien,gracias (very)well,thankyou asíasí/másomenos so‐so

(muy)mal (very)bad(ly) Adiós Good‐bye

Chao Bye Hastaluego Seeyoulater

Hastalavista “UntilIseeyouagain” Hastamañana Seeyoutomorrow.

Quelevayabien “Iwishyouwell”/”Goodluck”

To learn Spanish you can use your imagination to develop a new “persona”, creatingwhatever nationality, age, profession, personality and interests that you wish. This willallow you to associate with a specific Spanish‐speaking country and will open wide thedoors to your creativity, making class time more interesting. Your first step will be tochooseafirstnameandtwosurnames fromtheNAMESLISTSintheMinidiccionariossection, beginning on page 170 of the play La gira de Verónica y Los Latinos. ThecategoriesarealphabetizedinEnglishatthetopofeachpageforeasyaccess.Thereisalsoanindexofallcategoriesonpage212.

b.PROPERNOUNS: Namesofpeopleandplacesarecapitalized inSpanish,butnationalities,daysof theweekandmonthsoftheyeararenot.

¿Cómosellamausted? “Howdoyoucallyourself?”or ¿Cuálessunombre? Whatisyourname?

Mellamo_________________________. Mynameis_____.Muchogusto. Gladtomeetyou.Muchísimogusto. Verygladtomeetyou.Encantado/adeconocerlo/la. Glad(enchanted)tomeetyou.Igualmente. Thesameforme.

¿Cuálessonsusapellidos? Whatareyoursurnames?

Son____________________________________y____________________________________. Theyare andChooseacountryfromthelistofSpanish‐speakingcountriesandfillinthefollowingblanks.Make sure that your nationalitymatches your gender and that it is not capitalized. Thenlookatthelistofprofessionsandchooseaninterestingroletoplay.

País(country):

¿Dedóndeesusted? Whereareyoufrom? Ejemplo:SoydeNicaragua. Example:IamfromNicaragua. Soyde______________________________. Iamfrom______________________________.

Nacionalidad:¿Cuálessunacionalidad? Whatisyournationality?Ejemplo:Soynicaragüense. Example:IamNicaraguan.Soy_______________________________. Iam___________________________________.

Profesión: ¿Cuálessuprofesión? Whatisyourprofession?

Ejemplo:Soypianista. I’m(a)pianist. Soy______________________________. Iam(a)______________________________.

Apracticar:

ConsultingtheCOUNTRIESandPROFESSIONSLISTS intheMinidiccionarios, movearoundtheclassroom,introducingyourselftoatleastthreepeople.Practicegreetingeachotherandaskforthefollowinginformation:theirname,countrywheretheyarefrom,nationality,andprofession.

c.PLURALFORMS–Lasformasplurales

To form plural nouns add –s to vowels and –es to consonants. If aword ends in –z, thepluralendingis–ces.Pleasebeginusingthesewordsinclass.

libro: libros(books)cuaderno: cuadernos(notebooks)bolígrafo: bolígrafos(ballpointpens)pluma: plumas(pens)papel(m.): papeles(papers)lápiz(m.): lápices(pencils)computadora: computadoras(computers)ordinador(m.): ordinadores(computers)

Tarea:Writethepluralformofeachofthefollowingnouns:cuaderno___________________________________ bolígrafo__________________________________ordinador___________________________________ puma_______________________________________ jaguar_______________________________________ mono_______________________________________perro________________________________________ árbol_______________________________________ iguana_______________________________________ flor_________________________________________codorniz____________________________________ *joven_____________________________________ pluralquail youngpeople*Inordertomaintainthesecondtolastsyllablestressofjoven,youwillneedtoplaceanaccentmarkoverthe“o”:jóvenes.Thisgenerallyapplieswhenaddingsyllablestowords.

d.COGNATES–LoscognadosAsyouhavenoticed,therearemanySpanishwordsthataresimilartoEnglish,orcognates.The two languages shareLatin roots thatwillmake learningmucheasier. A few suffixeswillhelpyouwithnewvocabulary.¡Ojo!(Watchout!)Somewordsaremisleadingandarecalledfalsecognatesorfalsosamigos.

ción(f)=tion nación/nation

al(adj)=‐al nacional/national

idad(f)=‐ity nacionalidad/nationality

mente(adv)=‐ly tranquilamente/tranquilly

or(m)ora(f)=er diseñador(m),diseñadora(f)/designer

ista(f,m)=‐ist laartista/elartista

Tarea:LookthroughthePreludioandmakealistofothercognatesthatyoufind:____________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.ARTICLES–Losartículos

a. DEFINITEARTICLES–Losartículosdefinidos

Adefinitearticlemeans“the”. InSpanish, thereare fourdefinitearticlescategorizedbygenderandnumber.Feminine‐pluralnounsareanexclusivegroup,butmasculine‐pluralscanincludebothgenders.Masculine: Masculinepl: Feminine: Femininepl:

el los la las elamigo losamigos laamiga lasamigasthefriend(m) thefriends(mpl) thefriend(f) thefriends(fpl)Tarea:Writetheappropriateformoftheword“the”ineachblank.Beawareoftheexceptions:________extinción _______anaconda ________fenómenos ________plantas________problemas ________animal ________manos ________flor________hombres ________pelo ________ecosistema ________mapa________mujer ________libertad ________guanacos ________llama

WritethesingularandpluralofsomewordsfromyourNATURELISTS,withtheirappropriatearticles.Findexamplesthathaven’tbeenusedabove.Ejemplos: elárbol,losárboles,lahoja,lashojas…

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b.INDEFINITEARTICLES–Losartículosindefinidos

Theindefinitearticleis“a”or“an”.InSpanish,therearefourindefinitearticlesaccordingtothenoun’sgenderandnumber.“Un”and“una”canalsomean“one”andthepluralforms“unos”and“unas”mean“some”.Note:“uno”isusedasapronounorincounting.Masculine: Masculinepl: Feminine: Femininepl:

un unos una unas unamigo unosamigos unaamiga unasamigasafriend(m) somefriends(m) afriend(f) somefriends(f)

Apracticar:

UsingyourNATURELIST,imaginethatyouareinoneofthefollowingplaces:elbosque,lacimadeunamontaña,unacueva,eldesierto,laplaya,orlaselva.Askyourpartnerthefollowingquestions: ¿Dóndeestás? (Whereareyou?) ¿Quépuedesver?(Whatcanyousee?¿Quépuedesoír?(Whatcanyouhear?)¿Quépuedessentir?(Whatcanyoufeel?)

¿Dóndeestás?Whereareyou?Estoyen______________________________________________.Ejemplos: Puedoverunárbol,unasflores,unospétalos,unamariposa,y(and)una unaspiedras.

Puedooírunospájarosyunjaguar.Puedosentirunabrisa.

3.ADJECTIVES–Losadjetivos

a.DESCRIPTIVEADJECTIVES–AdjetivosdescriptivosAnadjectiveisawordthatdescribesanounorapronoun.Spanishadjectivesmustagreewiththenounthatitdescribesinbothgenderandnumberandarelikelytofollowthenoun.Adjectivesthatendin–owillchangeto–awhendescribingafemininenounandwilladdan–swhenthenounisplural.Seethefourformsofrojobelow.Thoseendinginotherletterssuchaseoraconsonantwillremainthesameforbothgendersasinverdeandazul.Somecolors such as café, crema, and rosa do not change because they relate to “coffee color”,“creamcolor”and“rosecolor”(pink).

Loscolores: rojo,rojos,roja,rojas red

verde,verdes green

azul,azules blue

decolorcafé brown

Tarea:Animalesfantásticos

Adjective agreement: Consulting your ANIMALS and COLOR LISTS, use yourimaginationandwriteunusualcolorstodescribeeachnoun.Then,translateeachoneintoEnglish.Makeupyourownexamplesforthelastthree.Ejemplo:elhipopótamoverde thegreenhippopotamus

1. laiguana_____________________________ __________________________________________________

2. elpato________________________________ __________________________________________________

3. losvenados___________________________ __________________________________________________

4. lasvacas_______________________________ __________________________________________________

5. losperezosos__________________________ __________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________ __________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________ __________________________________________________

8. ________________________________________ __________________________________________________

b.ADJECTIVESOFQUANTITY–AdjetivosdecantidadAdjectivesofquantityareplacedbeforethenoun.Numbersdonotreflectgenderexceptuno/una(andthe“hundreds”,tobestudiedlater). Muchoszapatosfeos Manyuglyshoes Pocagente Fewpeople Variosanimales Severalanimals Ochofaldas Eightskirts

c.PLACEMENTOFADJECTIVES:Althoughmostadjectivesfollowthenoun,somewillbeusedappropriatelyeitherbeforeorafter thenoun. The followingexamples take the “o”offof themasculine formwhen theyprecedethenoun: unzorrobueno=unbuenzorro agoodfox

unsapomalo=unmalsapo abadtoad unaanacondabuena=unabuenaanaconda agoodanacondaAnadjectivecanalsohavaadifferentmeaning,dependingonwhereitisplaced: unhombregrande alargeman ungranhombre agreatman

Tarea:

CLOTHING and COLOR LISTS: Imagine that you arewearing a fantastic outfit ofthreeextraordinarythings.Describethemwithadefinitearticleandacolor.Remembertoputthecolorafterthenoun.WritetheEnglishforyouroutfit.(Daretowearsomethingjustasincredibletoclass!)Ejemplo:Estoyusandounchalecomorado,pantalonesamarillos,yzapatosverdes.

I’mwearingapurplevest,yellowpantsandgreenshoes.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

d.NUMBERS0to20–Losnúmerosde0a200=cero1=uno(whencounting),un(infrontofamasculinenoun),oruna(infrontofafemininenoun)Becauseallnumbersareadjectivesofquantity,theyprecedethenounthattheymodify.

uno,dos,tres 1,2,3cuatro,cinco,seis 4,5,6siete,ocho 7,8nueve,diez 9,10once,doce,trece 11,12,13catorce,quince 14,15¡quincemargaritasparati! 15daisiesforyou?

quinceranasazules fifteenbluefrogsunplanetaverde onegreenplanetunamoscablanca onewhitefly

PracticewritingthefollowingnumbersinSpanish,referringtotheNUMBERSLIST:

4____________________ 7____________________ 14____________________

16____________________ 19____________________ 20____________________

Apracticar:Describe in Spanish the clothing that you and your compañero/a de clase are wearingtoday.Then,worktogetherandfill inthesurveybelowabouthowmanymenandwomenarewearingtheitemsbelow. Useyourimaginationandchangesomestudents’“shoes”tobe“slippers”andsome“clothes”tobe“pajamas”.Please,spellouteachnumber.

camisablanca ____________________mujeres____________________hombres

gorra ____________________mujeres____________________hombres

pantalonesazules ____________________mujeres____________________hombres

botas ____________________mujeres____________________hombres

pantuflas ____________________mujeres____________________hombres

vestido ____________________mujeres____________________hombres

zapatosdecolorcafé____________________mujeres____________________hombres

chaquetanegra ____________________mujeres____________________hombres

unpijamarojo ____________________mujeres____________________hombres

ropamulticolor ____________________mujeres____________________hombres

calcetinesrosados ____________________mujeres____________________hombres

e.POSSESSIVEADJECTIVES–adjetivosposesivosTheformsof“my”and“your”(familiar),agreeinnumberwiththenouninSpanish.Youwilllearntheotherpossessiveadjectivesinthenextlesson.

mi, mis tu, tusmiabuelo miabuela misabuelosmygrandfather mygrandmother mygrandparentstuhermano tuhermana tushermanosyourbrother yoursister yoursiblings

FAMILYLIST:Writethepossessiveadjctivefor“my”nexttoeachfamilymemberbelowthatwillappearinyourSpanishfamilyalbum:

_______padre _______madre __________padres_______hermano _______hermana __________hermanos/as_______tío _______tía __________tíos/as_______primo _______prima __________primos/as_______hijo _______hija __________hijos/as_______nieto _______nieta __________nietos/as_______novio _______novia __________novios/as

Álbumdefamilia:Bringpicturesofsomeofyourimaginaryfamilymembersandfriends,fromthelifeofyourSpanish‐speakingpersona.Useyourimaginationandcutsomepicturesfrommagazinesorfindthemon‐line,butfeelfreetomixinsomepicturesofyourrealfamily.

Apracticar:Show your “family pictures” to your compañero/a, using es (“he/she is”) or son (“theyare”)toidentifyeachpersonorgroup:Ejemplos:Esmimamá.Sonmishijos.

Then,describeeachother’sfamilymembers,includingwhateachoneiswearing:FAMILY,CHARACTERISTICS,CLOTHING,andCOLORSLISTS.

4.CONTRACTIONS–contraccionesdel&al

ThereareonlytwocontractionsinSpanish:bothwiththemasc.,singularwordfor“the”:1.de(of,from)+el(m.the)=del(oforfromthe)2.a(to)+el(m.the)=al(tothe)‘sdoesnotexistinSpanishtoshowthepossessive.Instead,possessionisexpressedbytheitem+“of”:theiguana’seyes=“theeyesoftheiguana”(losojosdelaiguana)Losojosdelaiguanasonrojos. Theeyesoftheiguanaarered.Losojosdeltigresonazules. Theeyesofthetigerareblue.

ANIMALSLIST:Makeuponemasculineandonefeminineexample:Losojosdela____________________________son_____________________________.

Losojosdel_____________________________son______________________________.NATURELIST:Makeuponepluralandonemasculinesingularexample:Vamosalascuevas. We’regoingtothecaves.Vamosalvolcán. We’regoingtothevolcano.Vamosalos(orlas)______________________________________________________.

Vamosal__________________________________________________________________.

WritethefollowinginSpanish:

1.Mysister’sboyfriend. ____________________________________________________.

2.Myfather’smotherismygrandmother. ____________________________________________________.

5.SUBJECTPRONOUNS–Pronombrespersonales_________________________________________________________________________________________________________A pronoun takes the place of a noun. Subject pronouns are used as subjects ofverbs(actions or states of being). Unlike English, the pronoun is not necessary in Spanishsentences,unlessthesubjectisunclearasinthethirdpersonsingularandpluralforms.

There are two forms of “you” in Spanish. Tú is used to address familymembers, peers,children, and friends. You can usually use tú if you address the person by his/her firstname.Usted(Ud.)isthebestchoice,ifyoudonotknowhowtoaddresssomeone,orifyouuse a title like señor, señorita, señora, don,or doña. Usted shows respect and is usedwhen speaking to an older person, in business situations, and in all other formalrelationships.TheuseoftúandUd.willvaryamongHispaniccountries,anditisbesttoerrbychosingthemoreformalmeansofaddress.VosotrosisusedonlyinSpainforthepluraloftú.Inothercountries,thepluralyouisustedes(Uds.).Writethebestchoicefor“you”,ifyouweretospeaktothefollowing:

EldoctorGómez________ doñaInés________ elPresidente________

Unamigo________ donAntonio________ elabuelodeunamigo________

LaSrta.Valdez________ unarquitecto________ mama________elperro________

ElSr.Martín________ unaniña________ Pepe________Dios________

6.TOBE–SeroEstar–Therearetwoverbsmeaning“tobe”inSpanish.

a. Ser

P–1 SUBJECTPRONOUNS

1.yo(I) 4.nosotros/as(we)

2.tú(youfamiliar) (vosotros/asyoufampl) 3.usted(Ud.youformal) 5.ustedes(Uds.youpl) él(he) ellos(they,m,pl) ella(she) ellas(they,f,pl)

Sermeans“tobe”inthefollowingcases(itisusuallywhatsomethingis).

Linkingverb/definition: ¿Quéesesto? Whatisthis?

Meaning“toexist” ¿Seronoser? Tobeornottobe…

Characteristics: ¿Cómoestuamiga? Whatisyourfriendlike?

Miamigaesalta. Myfriendistall.

Occupations: Sonbomberos. Theyarefirefighters.

Origins: EulaliaesdeChile. EulaliaisfromChile.

Whatsomethingismadeof: Lasfloressondepapel. Theflowersareofpaper.

Thetimeofday: ¿Quéhoraes? Whattimeisit?

ELMARINERO EvelinaGateva1.Soyel(la)marinero/a,jovenyfeliz 4.Somostresamigos,siempremuyfieles

2.Mar,túerestodo,todoparamí

2.Ymibarcoblancoeselmáshermoso 5.Sonlosmarinerosniñosdeverdad

Apracticar:Describeyour familymembersand friends toyourcompañero/a,using theverbser andadjectivesfromtheCHARACTERISTICSLISTS.

V–1 IRREGULARVERBS

SER–TOBE

1.soy(Iam) 4.somos(weare)2.eres(youare) (soisyouare)3.es(you,he,she,is) 5.son(you,theyare)

¡Ojo!(Watchout):Wheny(“and”)comesbeforeawordbeginningwith“i”itbecomese.Thewordfor“or”,o,changessimilarly,wheneveritprecedesawordbeginningwiththeletter“o”.Itbecomesu.Ejemplos: Mitíoesextravagante,generosoymuytranquilo.

Misamigossonconfidentes,honestos,inteligenteseidealistas.Mihermanoespesimistauoptimista,dependedeldía.

b.Estar

Estarmeans“tobe”inthefollowingcases(usuallyhoworwheresomethingis):

Condition: ¿Cómoestátufamilia? Howisyourfamily?Location: EulaliaestáenChile. EulaliaisinChile.Temporarycharacteristics: ¡Hijo,estásmuyalto! Son,youareverytall!

Estarcanbeusedasacomplimentwhennoticinghowsomeonelooksatthemoment,howsomethingtastes,whatsomethingsoundslike…Ejemplos: Lostacosestánbuenísimos. Thetacosareverygood. Estásmuyelegante. Youlooksoelegant. Lamúsicaestáextraña. Themusicisstrange.Makeupsomeexamplesofusing“estar”toshowthatyou’venoticedhowsomeoneisatthemoment.Placethecorrectformofestarinthefirstblankandanadjectiveinthesecond:Misamigos_______________muy____________________hoy.Tú_______________absolutamente____________________. El/laprofessor/a_______________extremadamente___________________.

V–2 IRREGULARVERBS

ESTAR–TOBE 1.estoy(Iam) 4.estamos(weare) 2.estás(youare) (estáisyouare) 3.está(you,he,sheis) 5.están(you,theyare)

Micompañero/a_______________muy_________________________.

Apracticar:

PracticeusingtheverbestarwithyourFEELINGS&EMOTIONSLISTS: Move around the classroom, asking your compañeros/as, ¿Cómo estás? How are you?(thefamiliarform)Ejemplo:Estoycansado/aynervioso/a.

Someadverbscanmakeyourconversationsmoreinteresting: muy(contento/a) very(happy)

bastante(cansado/a) quite(tired)

unpoco(triste) alittle(sad)

completamente(aburrido/a) completely(bored)

absolutamente(hermoso/a) absolutelybeautiful

siempre always

ESTOYMUYCONTENTO/A

EvelinaGateva

Estoymuycontento/a,contento/adelavidaEstás,mivida,cerca,teadmiro,teadoroEstámividallenadesol,dealegríaEstamosjuntossiempre,túyyoConmigolosamigosestánalegres

Tarea:Drawafaceineachoftheshapesandgivethemsomehair,consultingyourFEELINGS&

EMOTIONSLIST:

Estámuycontento. Estámuyaburrido. Estáasustado.

Estátriste. Estáenamorado. Estásorprendido.

c.ES(itis)&HAY(thereis,thereare):ThereisnosubjectpronouninSpanishfor“it”.Herearesomeusefulimpersonalexpressionswithes(“itis”):

Esmuyinteresante. It’sveryinteresting.Eshorrible. It’shorrible.

More choices: Es importante, necesario, increíble (unbelievable), normal, anormal,excelente,agradable,bueno,fascinante,sorprendente(surprising),malo,terrible,abominable,fabuloso,maravilloso,razonable(reasonable),lógico.

Haymeans“thereis”and“thereare”:

Haymuchospájarosenlaselva. Therearemanybirdsinthejungle. Hayunaiguanaenmimochila. Thereisaniguanainmybackpack.

Apracticar:

ChooseaninterestinganimalfromyourANIMALSLIST andtellyourcompañero/athat there isoneor that therearemany(hay) in theclassroom.Reactwithan impersonalexpression.Ejemplos: Compañero/a1:Hayunrinoceronteenelsalóndeclase. Compañero/a2:Esfascinante.

Compañero/a2:Haymuchasculebrasenelsalóndeclase.Compañero/a1:¡Esrazonable!

WRITINGTarea:Describe at least five members of your family, friends, and pets, using ser withcharacteristics:Ejemplos:¿Cómoestuhermana? Whatisyoursisterlike?Mihermanaessinceraytrabajadora Mysisterissincereandhard‐working.Mimejoramigoescómicoytravieso. Mybestfriendisfunnyandmischievous.Misgatossonbonitos,gordosyperezosos. Mycatsarepretty,fatandlazy._________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Describeyourself:Soy_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

¿CómosonVerónicayLosLatinos? WhatareVeronicaandtheLatinslike?Circlethecharacteristicsthatdescribeeachofthecharacters,accordingtotheinformationgiveninthePreludio:1.DonAntonio:generosojovenpelomorenodébiltraviesorobusto

2.Verónica:hermosapelocortoligeragordaantipáticapesimista

3.Músculos:feofuertepelirrojochilenollevacamisaojosazules

4.Pepe:altotalentosorubioojosrománticosguitarristagordito

5.Gloria:grandecostarricenseojosnegrosfamiliapequeñabonita

6.Eulalia:flautistapelocanosoojosgrisestímidapeloturquezaperlas

AnswerKey–PRELUDIOWritethecorrectanswersforeachmistakeinadifferentcolor.p.9:cuadernos,ordinadores,jaguares,perros,iguanas,codonices,bolígrafos,pumas,monos,árboles,flores,jóvenes(accenton“o”)p.10:(correctbymovingdowneachrow)la,los,los,la,la,el,el,la,los,las,el,los,las,la,el,lap.14:cuatro,dieciséis(ordiezyseis),siete,diecinueve(diezynueve),catorce,veintep.15:rows1and2:mi;row3:misp.16:1.Elnoviodemihermana,2.Lamadredemipadreesmiabuela.p.17:Ud.(orusted),tú,Ud.,Ud.,Ud.,Ud.,Ud.,túUd.,Ud.,tú,tú

Lanaturaleza:ColorthefollowingandwriteeachNATUREwordwiththecorrespondingcolor:mariposas,uncolibrí(ahummingbird),abejas,flores,hojas,lahierba:

Laropa:

Coloreachitemofclothing,andwritetheSpanishwordforboththeclothesandtheircolorsonthelinesbelow:Ejemplo:(Ifyoucolorthepantsblue:lospantalonesazules)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. LAS VOCALESfaculty.skagit.edu/imageuploads/repository729.pdf · vacío vena vino voto vudú...

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