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Sun Microsystems SML 2000-0671
10/26/00
Really Distributed Sensing
Howard L. DavidsonSun Microsystems
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and space over then’t have a direct
Distributed Sensing11/3/00 nasa.10.18.00.3
Problem
• How do you sense the distribution in timesurface of the earth of parameters that doelectromagnetic signature?
• Examples:
• Low concentrations of organic chemicals
• Organisms
• Low concentrations of metals in soil and water
• Mineral and nutrient content of soil
• Minefields
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he Ground?
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Why Not Look Directly on t
• It’s expensive
• May want millions of points
• Inaccessible areas
• Want data over long periods of time
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ers
ronmental variables
m orbit
pecificity sensitivities
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Plants as Transduc
• Ordinary plants respond to common envi
• Can see drought and fertilizer use on croplands fro
• Can see graves and ruins
• Bioengineering can add many new high s
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Sensors
scence
etabolism
ion
are easy
e
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Engineering Plants as
• Easy output variables are color and fluore
• Doesn’t have to be in visible, near IR is accessible
• Should have reference companion color
• Input variable must be coupled to plans m
• Upregulate or downregulate chromophore express
• Many variables potentially available
• Temperature, integrated sunlight, water, CO2, nutrients
• Almost any element and protein potentially possibl
• TNT has been shown possible
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ensors...
extend depth range
, and oceans
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Engineering Plants as S
• Depth of sensing controlled by root depth
• Grass versus Canadian Thistle
• Hybrid soil fungus and plant systems can
• Algae and aquatic plants for lakes, rivers
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tation
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Chlorophyll and Vege
Processed Landsat data from www.nasa.gov
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Sensors
and fluorescence
etabolism
ion
, plant pathogens
e
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Engineering Plants as
• Easy output variables are reflected color
• Doesn’t have to be in visible, near IR is accessible
• Should have reference companion color
• Input variable must be coupled to plans m
• Upregulate or downregulate chromophore express
• Many variables potentially available
• Temperature, integrated sunlight, water, CO2, nutrients
• Almost any element and protein potentially possibl
• TNT has been shown possible
Distributed Sensing11/3/00 nasa.10.18.00.3 foil 9 of 13
Chlorophyll Fluorescence
Mark Abbott, MOD-EC-129.1545_Lw_678_corrected.gif
Sun Microsystems SML 2000-0671
10/26/00
Color
VIGS for identification of N-signal transduction pathway components
We are using virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) and the potato virus X (PVX) vector developedby the Baulcombe lab to test candidate genes for function in N-mediated resistance. We have successfullyestablished the gene silencing system using the visual reporter gephytoene desaturase PDS and the N gene.
Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) of phyoene desaturase (PDS) in N. bemthamiana
http://www.bakerlab.usda.gov/BakerLab/research7.html
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Fluorescence
http://www.bakerlab.usda.gov/BakerLab/research7.html
VIGS of N in N. benthamiana:NN leads to TMV-GFP spread
N silenced TMV: susceptible
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ions
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System Considerat
• Pixel size
• 100 m X 100 m easy, 2 m X 2 m possible
• Non-food plants are good candidates
• Highway median groundcover
• Weeds
• Fiber sources, i.e. cotton, pine trees
• Lawns
• Flowers
• Decorative shrubs
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e
roteins
, cocoa, opium
m/netguide/biotech/
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Public Acceptanc
• Don’t use food crops
• May need to be sterile
• Plant should express no unusual proteins
• Many existing plant chromophores available
• Don’t express insecticide or antibiotic resistance p
• Interesting, but unlikely, species
• Kudzu, dandelions, kentucky blue grass, marijuana
• Good biotech portal: http://www.nature.cointro.html
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