HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW THE CELL?. NUCLEUS Contains DNA – genetic material of the cell 2 membranes...

HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW

THE CELL?

NUCLEUS Contains DNA – genetic material of the

cell 2 membranes surrounding it, the

envelope/membrane Controls all of the cell’s activities –

including information needed to make proteins

CYTOSKELETON Network of thin tubes in the cytosol Maintain a cell’s shape, & act as

tracks that guide organelles and molecules as they move through the cell

PLASMA (CELL) MEMBRANE Covers cell surface Determines what enters or exits the

cell – selectively permeable

PROKARYOTE Cell that lacks a nucleus and

membrane bound organelles Bacteria and Archea

HOOKE First person to identify and name cells

– coined the term “cell”

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

Transports materials within the cell has ribosomes attached produces phospholipids and proteins

GOLGI APPARATUS Stacks of flattened, membranous sacs Many proteins and lipids pass from ER to

here for final modifications; Like a POST OFFICE - modifies, packages

and secretes various molecules

LYSOSOMES Contain digestive enzymes to break down

large molecules as well as non-functioning cell parts and cells

Small, membrane-bound organelles formed by Golgi complex

LEEUWENHOEK Looked at living cells in pond water;

invented first mini-microscope

CENTRIOLES Used in cell division Seen in animal cells

RIBOSOMES Site of protein synthesis Can be free (in cytoplasm) or bound

(attached to ER) Produced in nucleolus Made of RNA and proteins

SMOOTH ER Transports materials within and out of the

cell Functions in lipid synthesis ex. cholesterol No ribosomes attached

EUKARYOTES Type of cell with a true nucleus and

membrane bound organelles Plant, protists, animal and fungi

MITOCHONRDRIA Transfer energy from organic

molecules (like glucose) to ATP (cellular energy) during the process of CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Muscle cells have lots of these Nicknamed the POWERHOUSE Inner folds called cristae to increase

surface area

PLANT CELL Type of cell with a cell wall,

chloroplasts and a large central vacuole

VIRCHOW Stated cells come from the division of

preexisting cells

CELL WALL Made of cellulose Protects, prevents excess H2O

uptake, maintains shape of plant cell

ANIMAL CELL Type of cell with lysosomes and

centrioles Lack a cell wall YOU ARE MADE OF THESE CELLS

CHLOROPLASTS Use light energy to make

carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O Contains chlorophyll Responsible for PHOTOSYNTHESIS

FLAGELLA Long, tail-like projections found on the

outside of cells Used for movement

CENTRAL VACUOLE Stores water, enzymes, wastes, and

other materials Largest organelle in a plant cell

SCHLEIDEN Stated all plants are made of cells

THE CELL THEORY All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic units of structure

and function in living things All cells come from preexisting cells

CILIA Short, hair-like projections found on

the outside of cells Used for movement

SCHWANN Stated all animals are made of cells

CYTOPLASM Jelly-like material found between the

cell membrane and the nucleus Contains the organelles of the cell

NUCLEOLUS Found inside of the nucleus Makes ribosomes