Cell OrganellesCell Organelles

CELL ORGANELLES CELL ORGANELLES

NucleusNucleus Nuclear PoreNuclear Pore hole in nuclear envelope hole in nuclear envelope

that allows material in and out of nucleus. that allows material in and out of nucleus. NucleolusNucleolus make RNA make RNA

for ribosome formationfor ribosome formation ChromatinChromatin Hereditary material (DNA and Hereditary material (DNA and

proteins)proteins) Nuclear SapNuclear Sap fluid in nucleus fluid in nucleus

CELL ORGANELLESCELL ORGANELLES

Cell MembraneCell Membrane plasma membrane plasma membrane covers the cell and holds it together-covers the cell and holds it together-regulates what enters and leaves cellregulates what enters and leaves cell

NucleusNucleus controls cell activities controls cell activities Nuclear envelopeNuclear envelope Controls movement Controls movement

of materials in/out of nucleus using of materials in/out of nucleus using porespores

Cell Organelles Cell Organelles

CytoplasmCytoplasm everything in cell but DNA everything in cell but DNA CytosolCytosol – the organelles are bathed in a – the organelles are bathed in a

gelatin-like aqueous fluid.gelatin-like aqueous fluid. MitochondriaMitochondria breaks down sugar breaks down sugar

molecules into energy called ATP molecules into energy called ATP (powerhouse)(powerhouse) Inner membrane has many long folds called Inner membrane has many long folds called

Cristae Cristae (more surface area for more (more surface area for more chemical rxn)chemical rxn)

Organelles Cont…Organelles Cont…

RibosomeRibosome synthesizes proteins synthesizes proteins Composed of a protein and RNAComposed of a protein and RNA Most abundant organelleMost abundant organelle

Golgi complexGolgi complex Packaging center- Packaging center-makes vacuoles (gift wrapper)makes vacuoles (gift wrapper)

Organelles Cont…Organelles Cont…

Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum carries carries materials through cell (post office)materials through cell (post office) Works with the golgiWorks with the golgi Rough ERRough ER – has ribosomes (located where – has ribosomes (located where

lots of proteins are made)lots of proteins are made) Smooth ERSmooth ER – no ribosomes makes steroids – no ribosomes makes steroids

in gland cells, regulates calcium in muscle in gland cells, regulates calcium in muscle tissue, and breaks down toxic substances tissue, and breaks down toxic substances with liverwith liver

Organelles Cont…Organelles Cont…

LysosomeLysosome breaks down larger food breaks down larger food molecules into smaller moleculesmolecules into smaller molecules*digests old cell parts (garbage disposal)*digests old cell parts (garbage disposal)

VacuoleVacuole store food, water, waste store food, water, waste

Organelles Cont…Organelles Cont…

CytoskeletonCytoskeleton – network of long protein – network of long protein strands located in cytosol (cell structure).strands located in cytosol (cell structure). MicrotubulesMicrotubules structural support for cell structural support for cell

CentrioleCentriole microtubules used in mitosis microtubules used in mitosis

MicrofilamentMicrofilament movement and movement and attachment (large part of muscle cells)attachment (large part of muscle cells)

Organelles continue Organelles continue (Animals)(Animals)

MicrobodyMicrobody contain enzymes for contain enzymes for metabolic activitymetabolic activity

Organelles cont…Organelles cont…

MovementMovement CiliaCilia – hair-like projection that are short and – hair-like projection that are short and

present in large numbers.present in large numbers. FlagellaFlagella – hair-like projection that are longer – hair-like projection that are longer

and fewer in number.and fewer in number.

Organelles PLANT Organelles PLANT (Differences)(Differences)

Cell wallCell wall support (grow tall) support (grow tall)*protection-allows H2O, O2, CO2 to pass *protection-allows H2O, O2, CO2 to pass into and out of cell into and out of cell

VacuoleVacuole store food, water, waste store food, water, waste (plants have larger ones because plants (plants have larger ones because plants need to store large amounts of food) need to store large amounts of food)

TonoplastTonoplast membrane of the vacuole membrane of the vacuole CrystalCrystal give flowers color give flowers color PlastidPlastid gives plants their color gives plants their color ChloroplastChloroplast – home to photosynthesis – home to photosynthesis

HomeworkHomework

How are plant and animals cells similar How are plant and animals cells similar and how are they different?and how are they different?

Pick three organelles and describe their Pick three organelles and describe their structure and function.structure and function.