HISTOLOGY I.: GENERAL HISTOLOGY. General histology describes: the origin of a given tissue the...

HISTOLOGY I.: GENERAL HISTOLOGYHISTOLOGY I.: GENERAL HISTOLOGY

General histology describes:General histology describes:the origin of a given tissuethe origin of a given tissuethe morphology of tissue components,the morphology of tissue components,the function of the tissuethe function of the tissueclassification within a tissue groupclassification within a tissue group

Tissue:Tissue:an assembly of cells with similar morphology, an assembly of cells with similar morphology, and intercellular tissue components (groundand intercellular tissue components (groundsubstance, fibres, if any) which associate to substance, fibres, if any) which associate to form organs and systems and are engaged form organs and systems and are engaged to fulfill specialized functions.to fulfill specialized functions.

ORGANISATION LEVELSORGANISATION LEVELS

ORGANISMORGANISM

ORGANSORGANS

TISSUESTISSUES

CELLSCELLS

ORGANIC MACROMOLECULESORGANIC MACROMOLECULES

ORGANIC MICROMOLECULESORGANIC MICROMOLECULES

INORGANIC MOLECULESINORGANIC MOLECULES

ATOMS, IONSATOMS, IONS

Supraindividual organisation levelsSupraindividual organisation levelseg. species, population, etc.eg. species, population, etc.

LIVINGLIVING

NON-LIVINGNON-LIVING

CELL AND CELL ORGANELLES (See cell biology)CELL AND CELL ORGANELLES (See cell biology)

DIVERSITY OF CELLS WITHIN THE TISSUES:DIVERSITY OF CELLS WITHIN THE TISSUES:

1.1. Cardiac muscle cellCardiac muscle cell2.2. A multipolar neuronA multipolar neuron

1.

2.

HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 1.:HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 1.:

Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, XVII. century:XVII. century:algae, bacteria, sperm cells, etc.algae, bacteria, sperm cells, etc.

HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 2.:HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 2.:

Robert Hooke 1665: Robert Hooke 1665:

„„cell”: unit in dead cell”: unit in dead

samples of cork.samples of cork.

HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 3.:HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 3.:The cell theory:The cell theory:Cell is the central unit of biological organization:Cell is the central unit of biological organization: Cells are the basic units of life.Cells are the basic units of life. All living organisms are made up of cells.All living organisms are made up of cells. Only living cells can produce new cells.Only living cells can produce new cells.

Matthias Schleiden 1838 Theodor Schwann 1839plants are made up by cells animals are made

up by cells

Rudolf Virchow 1858Rudolf Virchow 1858::

„„Omnis cellula e cellula”Omnis cellula e cellula”(Each cell derives (Each cell derives from another cell).from another cell).

This is the law of VirchowThis is the law of Virchow

HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 4.:HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 4.:

HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 5.:HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 5.:

Marie Francois Bichat (1771-1802):Marie Francois Bichat (1771-1802):The first definition of the tissue, The first definition of the tissue, the founder of histologythe founder of histology(he described 21 „textures”)(he described 21 „textures”)but without microscope!but without microscope!

Marcello Malpighi: 1628-1694):Marcello Malpighi: 1628-1694):„„Father of histology”Father of histology”He used the microscope and He used the microscope and describeddescribedseveral microscopic structuresseveral microscopic structures

HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 6.:HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 6.:

Origin of the word „histology”: Origin of the word „histology”: A.A. Mayer, 1819 created the term : histos= tissue, logos=studyMayer, 1819 created the term : histos= tissue, logos=studyB.B. Sir Richard Owen (1804-1892): recommends the usageSir Richard Owen (1804-1892): recommends the usage

Rudolph von Kölliker (1817-1905:Rudolph von Kölliker (1817-1905: the first histology textbook:the first histology textbook:„„Handbuch der Gewebelehre”Handbuch der Gewebelehre”(The book for teaching tissues), 1852.(The book for teaching tissues), 1852.

HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 7.:HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 7.:

Henle (1809-1885): the first Henle (1809-1885): the first histology-based histology-based

extensive microscopical extensive microscopical investigationsinvestigations

Golgi (1844-1926): pioneering methodical Golgi (1844-1926): pioneering methodical development:development:the silver impregnation of the nervous tissuethe silver impregnation of the nervous tissue