High Voltage Analog Design in a Standard Digital CMOS Process

Brigham Young University Brigham Young University

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Theses and Dissertations

2005-11-17

High Voltage Analog Design in a Standard Digital CMOS Process High Voltage Analog Design in a Standard Digital CMOS Process

Riley D. Beck Brigham Young University - Provo

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BYU ScholarsArchive Citation BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Beck, Riley D., "High Voltage Analog Design in a Standard Digital CMOS Process" (2005). Theses and Dissertations. 809. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/809

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;>=(KM; E(PC,1XR0@? ;>=I0 Q+KM;A0 GOJ # 2 $=(0 EIP>KO,1U GOJ # ,/? 78GRU(UI087@;A08E ;>G ;A=(0 Y GR?A,N;>,NXR0 ,1U(Y(BI; GOJ

;>=I0FGRY5K D Y KOU(E ;>=I0&UI08Q+KM;A,1XO0F,/U(Y(B�; ,/?3;A,/08E ;AG K PC0@J\0@PA08UI780FXRGR.N;:KOQO0 � �-=(,/7:= 0@_�B(KO./? ;>=I078./K D Y(,/U(Q XOGR.1;>KOQR0M2 � =(0@U ;>=I0WGRB�;>Y(BI;aGOJ ;>=(0H78./K D Y PC0eKO7:=(0@?a;A=(0WPC0@J\0@PA08UI780WXOGR.1;>KOQR0 ;>=I0

GRY5K D Y3;AB(PAU(? GOU EI0@X�,/7@0 # �-=I,/7:=H?A,1U(9`?�7@B(PAPC08U+; KOU(E 78KOB(?A0@?�;A=(0$GRBI;AY(BI; XOGR.1;>KOQR06;AG�?C;>,17:9 2% PAGRY 08P6E(08?C,/QRU GMJ�KOU KO7@;A,1XO0�78./K D Y D B(?�;^08UI?AB(PC0�;>=5KM;^KO./. 78BIPAPA0@U+;$?AGRBIPA780@E )`* ;>=(0�XRGR.N;:KOQR0

� " � # % � D B(?C; ) 0�?AB(U(9 )+* EI0@X�,/7@0 # 2

VCLAMP

c,/QRBIPA0 I2 � h�� 7@;>,NXR0�XRGO.1;:KMQR0�78./K D Y 2

Z � � D �!�� 3�"W$��!�

$=(0�J\GRB(P'E(08?C,/QRUWY(P>KM7@;>,1780@? D 08U+;>,1GRU(0@E ,/UH;>=I,/?'7:=5KOYI;A08P =(08.1YW;>G G XR0@P678G D 0�?AG D 0-GOJ

;>=I0�./, D ,N;:KM;A,/GRU(? ;>=5KM;^KOPA0�Y(PA0@?A0@U`;A08E )+* ;A=(0�?�;:KOU(E(KOPAEFE(,1QR,1;>KO. "$# �� Y(PCG�7@08?A?@2'$=(0�B(?C0�GOJ

;>=I08?A0 E(08?C,/QRU KMY(Y(PAGRKO7:=(08? �-,1./. ) 0 , D Y(.10 D 08U+;>0@E ,1U ;>=I03E(08?C,/QRU GOJ GRB(P�=(,/QO=�� XOGR.1;>KOQR0 ��KO.1.��0��[087d;�?C08U(?CGRP-,/U+;>0@PCJLKO7@0 �-=(,/7:= �-,/.1. ) 0�EI,/?A7@B(?A?C08E ,1U ?A,/QOU(,1]578KOU+;>. * D GRPA0�EI0@;:KM,/.f,1U " =(KOYI;>0@Pi�2

�� /� ��

� �U� � ��

� ��6 ? $:�!@BAC�!�: 8-��!�[P�� #�$&�V�[F -� ��O@�$�� % $�� $5 8-� �$:�!��"

��? D 0@U`;A,/GRUI08E ,1U " =5KOY�;>08P g �c;>=I0 =(,/QO=�� XOGR.1;>KOQR0HE(0@X�,17808? ,1U ;A=(,/?aY(PAG�780@?A? 0 ;�=(, ) ,1;XR0@P * Y G�GRP D KM;>7:=I,/U(Q 7:=5KOPAKO7@;A08PC,/?C;A,/7@?82 ��B(0 ;>G&;>=(0WKOE(EI,1;>,1GRU GOJ6;A=(0 ./,/QO=`;A. * E(GRY 08E EIP>KO,1U

PA0@QR,/GOU � ;A=(08?C0 E(0@X�,17808?�KMPA0 UIGO;�J\B(.1. * ?A0@.1J �!KO./,1QRU(08E 2�$=(,1?�78KOB(?A0@?�;>=(0 D KM;A7:=(,/UIQ ;>G ) 0aXO08P *

E(0@Y[0@U(E(08U+;HGRU ;A=(0F�� O% � ; * Y[0 E(PA,NJ ; PC08QR,1GRU G XR0@PA.ZKMY B(U(E(0@P ;>=(0 Y[GR. * Q+KM;>0 � �-=(,17:= KO./.1G��-?;>=I0 0 � 0@7@;A,1XR0 ./0@U(QO;A=&GMJc;>=I0 7:=(KOU(U(0@. ;AG ) 0@78G D 0�?AB(?C7808Y�;>, ) ./0�;>G D ,1?>KO.1,/QRU D 0@U`;82 # K ;>7:=(,1U(Q

GOJ$;A=(08?C0 E(0@X�,17808? ,1? XO08P * E(0@Y[0@U(E(08U+;HGRU GRPA,108U+;:KM;A,/GRU 2 # 08KO?ABIPA08E U(GOP D KO./,��808E ?A,1Q D K Y5K �

P>K D 0d;>08PC?�J\GRP�;>=(0 �+hM� % # �� KMU(E � # �� E(0dX�,/780@? KMPA0H� � � �� i �O2 D �� D KMU(E

� � � � �� `i�2 � D �� D 2 " G D Y5KOPC08E ;>GF;A=(0 D K ;>7:=(,1U(QFY5KOPAK D K ;>08PC?�J\GRP�;A=(0H?C;>KOU(E5KOPCE

# ��3E(0@X�,17808?',1U3;>=(,1?bY(PAG�780@?A? �L�� \I2 Y D �� D KOU(E �� D �

� D � �R;>=(0 �+h �

=(,1QR=�� XOGR.1;>KOQR0 E(0@X�,17808?H0 ;I=I, ) ,N; ;>, D 0@? D GRPA0 D ,1? D KM;>7:= ;A=5KOU ;A=(08,1P3./G �� XOGR.1;>KOQR0W78GRBI;A08P �Y5KOP�;>?@2'V�U(E(0@PA?�;:KOU(EI,/U(Q ;>=I0 D KM;A7:=(,/UIQ3./, D ,N;:KM;A,/GRU(? GMJ�;A=(08?C0�E(0@X�,/7@08?$,1?6XR0@P * , D Y GRPC;>KOU+; J\GOP

Y(PC0878,1?A,1GRU&KOU5KO.1GRQ E(08?C,/QRU 2

� � > DG3�4�4�� JU��"W� �� &$��4(F -� ��O@�$&�� -N� �" $�"

�G ) 0@;C;>08PHB(UIE(08PC?C;:KMU(E =(G � D ,/? D K ;>7:= 7eKMU K �[087d;H;>=(0 Y 08PCJ\GOP D KOU(780 GOJ�KOU KOU5K �./GOQ 78,1PA7@B(,1;��bK E(0d;:KO,1./08E D ,1? D KM;>7:= KOU5KO. * ?A,/?aGOJ$;>=I0 78,1PA78BI,1;a?A=(G �-U ,/U c,/QRBIPA0 �I2 � �-,1./. ) 0Y 08PCJ\GOP D 08Ef2 c,1QRB(PA0 �(2 � ?C=(G �-? ;>=(0 ) KO?C,/7 ?�;>PCB(7@;AB(PA0 GMJ^;>=(0 ��KO.1.�� 0��[087@; ?C08U(?CGRP3,/U+;A08PCJLKM780O2� ; 78GRUI?A,/?�;>? GOJ6K&=(,1QR= ?A,1E(0H? �-,1;A7:= D KOE(0 B(Y )+* E(0@X�,/7@08? # ��KMU(E # � �-,N;>= ;>=(0@,/P�?AGOB(PA7@08?KOU(E �60@./.1? ;A,/08E ;>GOQR0@;A=(08P@2&$=I,/? ? �-,1;A7:= ?ABIY(Y(./,108? �� ;>G&;>=(0W��KO.1.�� 0��[087@; ?C08U(?CGRP �-=(,17:= ,1?PA0@Y(PA0@?A0@U`;A08E )`* K 7@B(PAPC08U+; ?AGRBIPA780M2 ��Y[0@P>KM;A,/GRU(KO.6K D Y(.1,1]50@P � � BI?A08E �-,1;A= ;>=(0 J\0@08E ) KM7:9

E(0dX�,1780 #�� KO? �60@./. KO?�E(0dX�,/780@? #�� KMU(E # ��,1?�BI?A08E ;>G 7@PA08KM;>0a� � � � �-=(,17:= ,/?�KOU KO787@B(P>KM;A0D ,/PAPCGRP�GOJ'�� A2 $=I0 J\GR./.1G �-,/U(Q D ,1? D KM;>7:= KOU5KO. * ?C,/? �-,/./.�7eKM./78BI.ZKM;A0 ;A=(0 D ,1? D KM;>7:= 78PC0eKM;A08E)+* � �-KM? � 08.1.cKO? # �$KOU(E # ��;>GWE(0@;A08P D ,/UI0 =IG�� KM7878BIP>KM;A0aGRBIP�=(,1QR=&, D Y[0@E5KOU(7@0a7@B(PAPC08U+;D ,/PAPCGRP �-,1./.fPC08Y(.1,/78KM;>0�;A=(0�78B(PCPA0@U`;�,/U �� A2

�� ect Sensor

OUT SENSE

Rsense

A1 M5Vos-amp

A-m4A-m2

A-m1 A-m3

Vds-m2-

Vds-m4-

Vds-m1-

Vds-m2-

Iout Isense

,/QRB(PC0 �(2 � ��0@U(?AGRP�,/U+;A08PCJLKM780 D ,/? D KM;A7:= KOU5KO. * ?C,/?$7@,/PA7@B(,1;82

V�?C,/U(Q ?C;>KM;>,1?C;>,17eKO.�KOU(KO. * ?A,1? ;A=(0 PC08./KM;>,1GRU(?A=I,/Y��J\GRPH;>=(0 ?C08U(?C0 78BIPAPA0@U+;F=(08.1Y(?W;AG

E(0dXR08.1GRY K ) 0@;C;>0@P�B(U(E(0@PA?�;:KOU(EI,/U(Q GMJ'=(G ��EI0@X�,/7@0 D ,/? D KM;A7:= KOU(E K D YI./,1](08P-G�[?A0@;�XRGR.N;:KOQR0K �[087d;a;A=(0 ?C08U(?C0 78B(PCPA0@U`; �� g � 2 ��0@X�,/7@08? # � KOU(E # � J\B(U(7d;>,1GRU KM?3K =(,/QR= �!?A,1E(0H? �-,N;>7:=�-=(,17:= 78B�;>? G� GRPH?ABIY(Y(./,108?HY G�� 08PH;>G K ?A08UI?AGRP ./G+KMEf2 $=(08?C0 E(0dX�,1780@?W=5KeXO0 K XR08P * ./G �GRU�� PA0@?A,/?�;:KOUI780 ?CG ;>=(KM; ;A=(0 XOGR.1;>KOQR0&E(PAGRY J\PAG D �� ;>G ;>=(0 ?A0@U(?AGRP 7eKOU ) 0 KM? ? D KO.1.�KM?

Y GR?A?C, ) .10O2 * Y(,17eKO.$=I,/QR= ?A,1E(0F? �-,N;>7:=(0@? GRY 08PAKM;>0 ,/U ;A=(0F;>PA,1G�EI0FPA08QO,/GRU �-=(,17:= 0 ;�=(, ) ,1;A?HK./,1U(0eKMP�PC08.ZK ;>,/GOU(?A=(,1Y&;A=5KM;�7eKOU ) 03B(?C08E ;>G 7eKO.178B(./KM;>0a=(G � ;A=(0 PAKOU(E(G D G�[?A0d;�,/U&;>=(0 ?A08UI?A0K D Y(./,N]508Pa� � �-,/./.6K �[087@;H;A=(0 ?A08UI?A0&78B(PCPA08U+;82 � U(G �-,/UIQ ;A=(,/?�� ;>=(0 D ,/? D KM;A7:=7eKMB(?A0@E )+* K D Y(./,N]508P6� �67eKOU ) 0�78KO./7@B(.ZKM;A08E KO?

� � � � ��

� �(2 � �

KOU(E&� � � ��^,1?$08_`B5KO. ;>G

� ��

� �(2 g��

� =(0@PA0 � � �F08_`B5KM./?3;>=I0 � G�[?A0@; XOGR.1;>KOQR0 J\GOP ;>=(0F?C08U(?C0 K D Y(.1,1]50@P KMU(E ��

KOU(E �� KOPC0a;A=(0 D ,/U(, D B D E(P>KO,1U��!?CGRB(PC780�XRGR.N;:KOQR0@?�KO7@PAGR?C? #�� KOU(E # � 2��B ) ?C;A,1;>B�;>,/UIQ

� _`B5KM;>,1GRU(? � �I2 ��^KMU(E � �(2 g��6,/U+;>G � � �� K3;AGR./0@P>KOU(7@0�08_`B5KM;A,/GRU ,/?-KM7:=(,/0dXR08E&;>=5K ;-?A=(G �-?

;>=I0$0��[087@;A?'GOJ ;>=(0$,1U(Y(BI;'G�[?A0d; XRGR.N;:KOQO0^GOJ ;>=(0$?C08U(?C0�K D YI./,1](08Pc� � GRU ;>=(0 D ,/PCPAGRPC08E37@B(PAPC08U+;

� � � ��d2 $=(,/? D ,/? D KM;A7:=F08_`B5KM;A,/GRU&,/?$0@_�B(KO.f;>G

� � � � ��

� � � �

�� (2 ��

$=(0-GO;A=(08P D ,/? D KM;A7:=3JLKO7@;AGRPA?b;A=5KM;�U(080@E ;AG ) 0-./G�GR9M08E KM;�KOPC0^;>=(0-E(0dX�,1780 D ,/? D KM;A7:=

) 0@; � 0808U # ��#�� KOU(E # �

�# � 2aV�?A,1U(Q ;>=I0 D ,1? D KM;>7:= 0@_`B5KM;>,1GRU J\GRP�EI0@X�,/7@08?�J\GRB(U(E ,1U

�� KOU(E ��

� � �� 7eKMU ) 0�7eKO.178B(./KM;>0@E ;AG ) 0

�H� ��

�gM��

�� (2��

KOU(E � � ��

�gM� � ��

�� (2 i��

� � �� KOU(E �� HKOPC0W;>=I0 D K ;>7:=(,1U(Q Y5KOPAK D 0@;>0@PA? J\GRP E(0dX�,/780@? #�� KOU(E # �HPA0 �

?AY 087d;>,NXR08. * KOU(E � � � KOU(E � � ��KOPA0�;>=I0aY(= * ?A,17eKO.�KOPC0eKHGOJc;A=(08?C0 E(0dX�,/780@?82$V�?A,1U(Q � _`B5KM;A,/GRUI?

� �I2 � �� (2�� KOU(E � �(2 i�� -,N;>= ;A=(0 ?C_`B5KOPA0WPAG�GO;a.ZK � K D ,/? D K ;>7:= ;>GR.108P>KMU(780HJ\GRP�;>=(0W?A08UI?A078BIPAPA0@U+;�,1?$7eKO.178B(./KM;>0@E ;>G ) 0

� � � � ��

� ��

� � � � � � � � � ��

� � � � � � ��

� � �(2 ��

V�?C,/U(Q � _`B5KM;A,/GRU � �(2 ��K PA0@.ZKM;A,/GRU(?C=(,/Y ) 0d; �60@08U ;>=(0 E(0dX�,/780 D ,/? D K ;>7:= ,/U # � KMU(E# ��7eKMU ) 0�78G D Y5KMPA08EF;AG3;>=(0�G�[?A0d;-GOJ ;>=(0�7@B(PAPC08U+;�?A0@U(?A0 K D Y(./,N]508P@2b$=(,1?$KOU5KO. * ?A,/?6?A=(G �-?

;>=(KM;�EI,��[08PA0@U+;�JLKO7d;>GRPC?-7eKOU ) 0 78GRU+;APAGR.1./08E ;>=(KM;�EI,/PA0@7@;A. * K �[087d;�;A=(0 D ,1? D KM;>7:=f2 $=(0 ,/U(Y(B�;

G�[?A0d;$XRGR.N;:KOQR0�GOJbK D Y(.1,1]50@P � �^,1?$K D KM,/U 7@GRU+;>PA, ) BI;A08P-KO? � 08.1. KO?^;>=I0�XRGR.N;:KOQR0�E(PAGRY&KO7@PAGR?C?;>=I0W=(,1QR= ?A,1E(0H? �-,1;A7:= KOUIE ;A=(0 KMPA0eK&KOU(E D KM;>7:=(,1U(Q Y5KOPAK D 0d;>0@PA?�J\GRP #�� KOU(E # � 2 V�?A,1U(Q

;>=I,/?$,/U�J\GRP D KM;>,1GRU ;A=(0�?C;:KMU(E5KOPCE E(0dX�,ZKM;A,/GRUFGOJ � � � ��^J\GRP$�� 7eKOU ) 0�0@?C;>, D K ;>08E 2

� � Z ? $:�!@BAC�!�: 8-��!�ED -N" �V�� SC4��* ��9 8$��!�

V�?C,/U(QF;A=(0 D ,1? D KM;>7:= KMU5KO. * ?C,/?�E(0dXR0@./GRY 08E ,/U ;A=(0 Y(PA0dX�,/GRB(?�?C087@;A,/GRU � ?C;>0@Y(? 7eKOU ) 0;:KM9O08UF;AG3PA0@E(B(780�;A=(0�0��[087d; D ,1? D KM;>7:= �-,/.1.[=5KeXO0�GRU KOU KOU5KM./GRQaE(08?C,/QRUf2��U(0�GOJ ;>=(0 D K��CGRP78GOU`;APA, ) BI;>GOPA?c;AG D ,1? D KM;>7:=3,1U K�=(,1QR=�� XOGR.1;>KOQR0 E(08?C,/QRU ,1?c;>=(06Y[G�GRP D KM;A7:=(,/U(Q�Y 08P�J\G D KOU(780 GOJ

;>=I0a=(,1QR=�� XRGR.N;:KOQR0�E(0@X�,/7@08?@2$��U&0eKO? * �6K * ;>G PA0@E(B(780 ;>=(0 0��[087d;�GMJ D ,/? D KM;A7:=&,1?$;>G PA08YI.ZKO7@0=(,1QR=�� XOGR.1;>KOQR0H;>PAKOU(?A,1?C;AGRPA?a,/U 7@PA,N;>,/78KO. D K ;>7:=(,1U(Q KOPC0eKO? �-,1;>= ./G �� XOGR.1;>KOQR0 E(0@X�,/7@08?@2 � J$;>=(,1?

0 ;�Y GR?A0@? ;>=I0 .1G�� XRGR.N;:KOQO0 # � � b� ;>G K =(,/QO= Y GO;>0@U+;>,ZKM.^;>=5KM;W0 ;�7@0808EI?F,1;>? ) PC0eKO9`E(G �-U./, D ,N;:KM;A,/GRU �5=(,/QR= � XRGO.1;:KMQR0 ;AP>KOUI?A,/?�;>GRPC?�7eKMU ) 03B(?C08E ;>GFY(PCGO;>0@7@;�;A=(0 E(0dX�,1780HKOUIE UIGO;�K �[087d;,1;A? D K ;>7:=(,1U(Q Y[0@PCJ\GRP D KMU(780M2

c,1QRB(PA0��(2 g ?C=(G �-?�KW=(,1QR=�� XRGR.N;:KOQR0�7@B(PAPC08U+; D ,/PAPCGRP82^��0@X�,/7@08? # � � # ��[KOU(E #�� KOPC0

�+hM�<� # �� ;>P>KMU(?A,1?C;>GOPA? �-=(,1./0 # �$KOUIE # ��KMPA0�?C;>KOU(E5KMPAE ./G � XRGR.N;:KOQO0�� # ��[2 V�?A,1U(Q #��

KOU(E # ��KO?-7eKO?C78G�E(0aEI0@X�,/7@08?�KO./.1G��-? # �-KOU(E # ��;>G ) 0 Y(PCGO;>0@7@;>0@E&J\PCG D ;A=(0a=I,/QR=�� XRGR.N;:KOQO0O2

��0@X�,1780 # � 78PA08KM;>0@?�;>=I0aXRGO.1;:KMQR0a� � � � ;A=5KM;�E(PA,NXR08?�;>=(0 Q+KM;>0aGOJb;A=(0 =(,1QR= XOGR.1;>KOQR0 7eKO?C78G�E(0

E(0dX�,1780@? #�� KOU(E # � 2b�!UH;>=(0 D K ;>7:=(,1U(Q KOU5KO. * ?C,/?'GOJ[;>=(,1? 78,/PC78B(,N; # �'KOUIE # �6KOPA0-.1G�78KM;>0@EW,1U

;>=I0 78PA,N;>,17eKO. D K ;>7:=(,1U(QFKOPC0eKO?@2 % PAGM;>087d;>,1U(Q ;>=(0@?A0 E(0dX�,/780@?�E(G�0@?�; �6GF;A=(,/U(QO?�� ]5PC?C;�,N;�Y(./KO780@?

./G �TXRGR.N;:KOQO0FE(0@X�,/7@08? �-,1;A= ) 0d;A;>0@P D KM;A7:=(,/UIQ 7:=5KOP>KM7@;>0@PA,1?C;>,178? ,1U 7@PA,N;>,/78KO. D KM;A7:=(,/U(Q KMPA0eKM?KOU(E ?C0878GOU(E ,N;�78PC0eKM;A08? K =(,1QR=(08P�GRBI;>YIBI;�, D Y[0@E5KOU(7@0 � �-=(,17:= KO./.1G��-?�J\GRP ) 0@;A;A08P D ,/PCPAGRPC,/U(QGOJ�;>=(0�7@B(PAPC08U+;e2

$=(,1?6E(0@?A,/QOU Y(PAKO7@;A,/780�7eKMUFKO./?CG ) 0�BI?A08E ,/U GM;>=(0@P^KOU5KM./GRQ�78,1PA7@B(,1;A?�� -=(08PC0�;>=I0�0��[087d;GOJ D ,1? D KM;>7:=HU(0@08E(?6;AG ) 0�PA08EIB(780@Ef2 " =5KOYI;A08P6i�E(,1?A7@B(?A?C08?$K�=(,/QO=�� XOGR.1;>KOQR0$GRY5K D YH;>=5K ;6=5KM?

) 0808U E(08?C,/QRUI08E ;AG PC08E(BI780 ,1;>?�,1U(Y(BI; G�[?A0d;aXOGR.1;>KOQR0O2H$=(,1?a,1? KO787@G D YI./,/?C=(08E )+* PA0@Y(.ZKM78,/UIQ

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J\GRPcKOU30�� 7@,/08U+; PC08E(BI7@;>,1GRU GOJ ,1U(Y(BI;cG� ?C0@; XRGR.N;:KOQR0 �-,1;A=(GRBI; ;>=(0^BI?A0^GOJ5;APA, D GOPc?A,1QRU(,N]57eKOU+;A. *,/UI78PA08KO?A,1U(Q ;>=(0 KOPC0eK GOJ�;>=(0�E(0dX�,/780@?82

Ibias Iin

High VoltageCascode

c,/QRBIPA0 �(2 g �'��,/QR=�� XRGR.N;:KOQO0�7eKO?C78G�E(0 78B(PCPA08U+; D ,/PAPCGRP82

�� /� ��

� �� ,��

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Y(PC0@X�,/GRBI?�7:=(KOYI;>0@PA? �60@PA0 B(?A0@E ,1U ;A=(0�E(08?C,/QRU 2

� ��6 ? -/�&�� T��9 J ��"'�!4 7 �� 4�) -/�V� P��" �V4O$ �� $:��

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B(?C08E ,/U ,1QRU(,N;>,/GOU ? * ?�;>0 D ? � ?AY 0808E 7@GRU+;>PAGO./?�� KO./,1QRU D 08U+;�78GRU+;>PCGR./? � KOU(E Y GR?C,1;>,1GRU EI0@;>0@7@;AGRPA?@2$=(0 ) KM?A,/73��KO.1. ?C08U(?CGRP�78GRUI?A,/?�;>?�GMJ6KW?A=(0@0@;�GOJ�?A0 D ,178GRUIE(B(7@;AGRP D KM;>0@PA,/KO. �-,1;>= KOU KOY(Y(.1,/0@E78GOU(?C;>KOU+;�XOGR.1;>KOQR0�?CGRB(PC780 Y � 2'$=(0�GOBI;>Y(B�;-GOJ ;>=(0�=5KM./. ?C08U(?CGRP-,/?$K ? D KO.1. XOGR.1;>KOQR0�;A=5KM;-78KOU) 0 D 0eKO?CB(PA0@E KO78PCGR?A?�;A=(0 �-,1EI;>= GMJb;>=(0 ?A,/.1,/7@GRU GOP�,/U ;>=(0 �5B(7@;AB5KM;A,/GRU GMJ ;>=(0 KOY(Y(.1,/08E ) ,ZKM?78BIPAPA0@U+;e2 � ; * YI,/7eKM.$��KO.1.�� 0��[087@; ?A0@U(?AGRP ,1U+;>08P�JLKO780 �6KO? PC08Y GRPC;A08E ;>=5K ; B(?A0@E K PA08?C,/?�;>GRP ,1U?A0@PA,108? �-,1;>= ;>=I0W=(,1QR= ?A,/EI0 ? �-,1;A7:= ;>G D 08KO?ABIPA0 ;>=(0 78BIPAPA0@U+; KOU(E E(0d;>087d; ;A=(0WGOU� MG� ?�;:KM;A0GOJ�;>=(0 ��KO./.��!0��[087d;$?A0@U(?AGOP � h � 2 �!U&;A=(0 KOY(Y(.1,/78KM;>,1GRU E(,1?A78BI?A?A0@E ,/U ;A=(,/?-7:=5KMYI;>0@P-;A=(0�E(7 ) ,ZKM?78BIPAPA0@U+;aGMJ�;A=(0H��KM./.c?C08U(?CGRP�,/? D GRU(,N;>GRPC08E )+* PC08Y(.1,/78KM;>,1U(Q K ?C7eKO.108E XR0@PA?A,1GRU GOJ�;>=(0 ?C08U(?CGRP

78BIPAPA0@U+;^KOUIEW7@GRU+XR08P�;>,1U(Qa,N; ;>GaK�XRGR.N;:KOQR0 � �-=(,/7:= ,/?b;A=(08UWE(,/QR,N;>,��808E �-,N;>= KOU � O� 78GOU`XO08P�;>08P@2$=(,1?aKM././G �-?�;A=(0W?C08U(?CGRP ,/U+;>0@PCJLKO7@0H;AG KM7878BIP>KM;A08. * D GRU(,N;>GRP�;>=(0 ��KM./. 78BIPAPA0@U+; G XR0@P K �-,/EI0P>KMU(QR0�GOJ D KOQOU(0@;A,/7�]50@./E(?�KOUIE&UIGO; �CB(?C;-;>=I0 GOU� MG� ?�;:KM;A0�GOJ ;A=(0�?A0@U(?AGRP@2

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# � KOU(E # � GRY 08PAKM;>,1U(Q ,/U ;A=(0 ;>PC,/G�E(0 PC08QR,1GRU 78G D ) ,/U(0W;>GRQR0d;>=(0@P3;>G J\GRP D ;A=(0F=(,/QO= ?A,/EI0

? �-,N;>7:= ;>=5K ;$?AB(YIY(./,108?$Y G�� 08P$;AG3;>=(0 ��KM./.�� ?A0@U(?AGRP@2 ��B(0�;AG ;>=(0�./KOPAQR0�XRGR.N;:KOQR0�PA08_`B(,1PA0 D 0@U`;A?GOJ ?CG D 03��KM./.�� ?A0@U(?AGRPC?$;>=(,1?�=(,1QR= ?C,/E(0 E(PA,NXR0@P D B(?�;�=5KeXO0 K D KO;�, D B D GRU�� PA08?C,/?�;:KOU(7@0 GOJ'gRi

� ;>G ./, D ,1;�;A=(0WXOGR.1;>KOQR0WE(PAGRY KO78PCGR?A? # �aKOU(E # � 2 ��0@X�,17808? #�� KOU(E # �HKO? � 08.1.6KO? #��

KOU(E #�� KOPA0 D ,/PCPAGRPC?�;>=(KM;�QR08UI08P>K ;>0 K&7@B(PAPC08U+;�;>=5K ;�,/? �

�� ;>= GOJ�;>=(0 ) ,/KO?�?ABIY(Y(./,108E ;>G ;>=I0

��KM./.�� 0��[087d;$?A0@U(?AGRP@2

5V� � � � � � �

ect Sensor

OUT SENSE

5V Sense Clamp

Rsense

Ov �� CurrentDetector

Current-Limit

Und ��

VoltageDetector

Ov ��

VoltageDetector

ControlBlock

STBDetector

ENLevel

Shifter

Current Sense Amplifier

STBSwitch

VOVCNT

POR OVRV

ENABLE

c,1QRB(PA0 i�2 � �'��KO./.��!0 � 0@7@;$?C08U(?CGRP�,1U+;>08P�JLKO780 ) ./G�7:9 E(,ZKMQRP>K D 2

460@7eKOB(?C0 # � KOUIE # �$GRY 08PAKM;>0�,/U ;>=(0�./,1U(0eKOP'PC08QR,1GRU K 7@GRU+XR0@U`;A,/GRU(KO.[7@B(PAPC08U+; D ,/PCPAGRP

7eKMU(U(GO; ) 0�B(?A0@E&;AG 78PC0eKM;A0aK3YIPA087@,/?C,/GRUFPC08Y(.1,/7eK3GMJ�;A=(0�./GRKOEF78B(PCPA0@U`;82'$=(08PC0@J\GRPC0 �5;>=(0�EIP>KO,1UXRGO.1;:KMQR08?&KM;F;A=(0 78B(PCPA08U+; D ,1PAPCGRP U(G�E(08? D BI?C; ) 0 KM;F;A=(0 ?>K D 0 Y[GM;>08U+;A,ZKO.�J\GOP KO787@B(P>KM;A0

78BIPAPA0@U+;a?C7eKO.1,/U(QI23� J\080@E ) KO7:9 7@,/PA7@B(,1;�78G D Y(PA,1?A,1U(Q KOU GRY 08P>K ;>,/GOU5KO.bK D Y(.1,1]50@P�� KOUIE ; � G

% # �� ?AGOB(PA7@0WJ\GR.1./G �60@PA? #�� KOUIE #�� 08PC0 B(?C08E ;AG D KO,/U+;>KO,/U ,/EI08U+;>,17eKO.'E(PAKO,/U XRGR.N;:KOQO08?82��?�./GOU(Q KM?-;A=(08PC0 ,1?�?CB � 78,108U+;�=(08KOE(PCG�G D ;>=(0�XRGR.N;:KOQO08?�KM;-;>=(0 E(P>KM,/U(?�GOJ # � KOU(E #�� -,1./.) 0 ,1U(E(0@Y[0@U(E(08U+;�GOJ�;>=(0 D ,/PAPCGRPA0@EF78B(PCPA0@U`;A?82

$=(0 �

�� ;>= PC08Y(.1,/78K ?C08U(?C0�78BIPAPA0@U+;^78PC0eKM;A08E )+* #�� KMU(E # �$,/?'78GOU`XO08P�;>08E ;AG3K�XRGR.N;:KOQR0

;>=IPAGRB(QO= KOU 0 ;�;>0@PAU5KM.�PC08?C,/?C;AGRPW� �� 2 $=I,/?HXRGR.N;:KOQR0 ,1?H;A=(08U Y(PAG�780@?A?C08E �-,N;>= KOU 0 ;�;>08P �U5KO. � O� 7@GRU+XR08P�;>0@P82 $=(0F?C,/QRU(KO.6,1? D GOU(,1;AGRPA0@E )+* KOU 0 ;�;A08PAU(KO. D ,/78PCGRY(PCG�7@08?A?CGRP�� -=I,/7:=D 0eKO?CB(PA0@?�;>=(0HKO7d;>,NX�,N; * GMJ�;A=(0H��KM./.�� ?A0@U(?AGRP@2a$=I0 GO;>=(0@P D ,1PAPCGRP�7@GRU(?C,/?C;A,/U(QFGMJ EI0@X�,/7@08? #��

KOU(E #�� KO? � 08.1. KO?-;>=(0 GO;>=I08P-=(,/QO=�� XOGR.1;>KOQR0�Y(PCGO;>0@7@;>,1GRU ) ./G�7:9`?�?C=(G �-U ,/U c,1QRB(PC0 i�2 � 9O0@08Y

;>=I0�=I,/QR= ?C,/E(0-E(PC,1XR0@P'?A=(0@.1;>0@PA0@E J\PCG D Y GO;>0@U+;>,ZKM./. * E5K D KOQO,/U(Q�7@GRU(E(,N;>,/GOU(?bGOJ ;A08UH0 ;�Y 08PA,108U(7@08E

,/U K =(,/QR= � XRGO.1;:KMQR0 08U+X�,/PCGRU D 08U+;e2W$=(08?C0 KOPC0W0 ;IYI.ZKO,1U(08E ,/U D GRPA0HE(0d;:KO,1. ,/U ;>=(0HJ\GR./.1G �-,/U(Q?A0@7@;A,/GRU(?@2

c,1QRB(PA0 i�2 g ?A=IG��-? ?A, D B(.ZK ;>,/GOU�PA0@?AB(.N;>? GOJ ;A=(0 ��KO.1.��0@U(?AGRP&�!U+;>0@PCJLKO7@0 ,1U ; * Y(,17eKO.

GRY 08PAKM;>,1GRUf2c$=I0�08U5K ) ./0�?A,/QOU5KO. ,/?�E(PA,NXR08U )+* KOU 0 ;�;A08PCU5KO. D ,/7@PAGRYIPAG�7808?C?AGRP � �-=I,/7:= ;AB(PAU(?6GRU;>=I0�=(,/QO=��!?C,/E(0�? �-,1;A7:=&KOU(EF?ABIY(Y(./,108?^�� b;>=I0 ) ,ZKM?^78B(PCPA0@U`;$;AG ;>=I0��KO.1.��!0 � 0@7@;^��08UI?AGRP@2�� ,/?^;A=(0 D GRUI,1;>GOPA,/UIQ 78BIPAPA0@U+;�;A=5KM;�,/?$7@PA0eK ;>08E )+* ;>=(0�08UI=5KOU(7@08E GOBI;>Y(B�;�, D Y 08E5KMU(780�7@B(PAPC08U+;

D ,/PAPCGRP�� -=(,/7:= E(0@;A087@;A? �(B(7@;AB5KM;>,1GRU(?�,/U ;A=(0 D KOQRUI0@;>,17 ]50@./Ef2H�!U ;A=(0 �^KeXO0@J\GRP D ?A=(G �-U ,1U c,1QRB(PA0 i�2 g3� � � ��^,1? �V\V\I2�� f� � �-=I,/7:= ,1?-hI2 h � �TGMJ �� 2

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0

0.0 1.0m 2.0m 3.0m 4.0m 5.0m 6.0m 7.0m

Time (ms)

Iout = 6.886 mA

Isense = 688.7 uA

Out1 CurrentSense1 CurrentEnable 1

c,1QRB(PA0�i�2 g �� * Y(,/78KO. GRY 08PAKM;>,1GRUFGOJ�;>=(0 ��KM./.�� 0��[087d;$?A0@U(?AGRP�,/U+;A08PCJLKM780O2

$=(0 78G D Y(.10 ;�,1; * GMJc;>=I0a��KO./.��!0 � 0@7@;-?A0@U(?AGOP�,/U+;A08PCJLKM780�,/?-U(0@08E(0@E ;>G 9O0@08Y ,N;-B(U(,1XO08P �

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?A0@U(?A0F7@B(PAPC08U+; D ,/PCPAGRP@2 ��BI0W;>G ;>=(0 .1G � ;>GR.108PAKOU(780WGOJ$;>=I0 ?A0@U(?A0 D KM;A7:=(,/U(Q ?AY 087@,1]578KM;>,1GRUK ;>=IGRPAGRBIQR= KOU5KO. * ?A,/?�GOJ';>=(0 D ,/? D K ;>7:= ) 0@; � 080@U E(0dX�,/780@? # � � # � � #�� # � ,/?�, D Y[GRP�;:KOU+;KO? � 08./. KM?�KMU&BIU(E(08PC?C;>KOU(E(,1U(Q GOJ =(G ��;A=(0�,/U(YIBI;�G� ?C0@;-XRGO.1;:KMQR0�GOJ�;>=(0�?A0@U(?A0 K D Y(./,N]508P � �K �[087d;>?$;>=(0�G XR0@P>KO.1. D K ;>7:=(,1U(Q(2

� � > DG3�4�4�� JU��"W� �� &$��4

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;>=I0 # ��# � KOUIE #��

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PA0@_`B(,/PC0 D 08U+;HJ\GRP ;>=(0 GRY5K D Y ,/? U(GM;W?�;>PC,/U(QR0@U+; �6BI?A,/UIQ ;A=(0 D ,1? D KM;>7:= 7eKM./78BI.ZKM;A,/GRU(?aJ\PAG D" =5KOY�;>08P�� ;>=(037@B(PAPC08U+;�?A0@U(?A0HK D Y(.1,1]50@P D B(?C;�=5KeXR0HK D KO;�, D B D ,1U(Y(BI;�G�[?A0@;�XRGR.N;:KOQR0aGOJ

iOhRh � � � ;>G KO7:=(,/0dXR0 ;A=(0FPA0@_�BI,/PA0@E 78B(PCPA0@U`; D ,/PCPAGRP KO7@78B(PAKO7 * 2 ��E(E(,N;>,1GRU5KO.1. * ��,1; D B(?�;

=5KeXR0�K 7@G DWD GRU D G�E(0�,/U(YIBI;�P>KOU(QO0�;>=(KM;�,/? �-,1;>=I,/U gRi D � ;AG �R2 gRi � GOJ BIY(Y[0@P ?CB(Y(Y(. * P>KO,1. 2�G GRY 08P>K ;>0 KMU K D Y(./,N]508P�,/U ;>=(,1?aPC08QR,1GRU KMU � # �� ,1U(Y(BI;a?C;>KOQR0 ,1?a; * Y(,17eKO.1. * B(?C08E � ) B�;) 087eKMB(?A0 ;>=(0 � # � � E(0@X�,17808?a,/U ;>=I,/?�Y(PAG�780@?A? ?A,N;a,1U % � ; * Y 0 ?AB ) ?�;>PAKM;>0 � �-=(,17:= ,1?�;A,/0@E ;AG;>=I0�./G �60@?C;$Y GO;A08U+;>,/KO. � ;>=(0�=I,/QR=(0@?C;$XOGR.1;>KOQR0�KMU * ;>=(,17:9 Q+K ;>0�� # �� E(0@X�,/7@0�7eKOU ?C080�,/UW;>=(,1?Y(PCG�7@08?A?�,/? � M� �L?C080 cK ) ./0 g�2 �� =�� 2

c,1QRB(PA0 i�2 �?C=(G �-? KOUa,/U(,N;>,ZKM.RE(08?C,/QRUa78GRUI?A,/EI08P>K ;>,/GOUaJ\GRP ;>=I06?A0@U(?A0^K D YI./,1](08P � � B(?A,1U(QPA0@?A,1?C;>GOPA?�� KOU(E � � ;AG E(,NX�,1E(0 E(G �-U ;>=(03,1U(Y(BI;�;>G K ?>KMJ\0aGRY 08P>K ;>,/UIQ KOPC0eKI2��0@?A,1?C;>GOPA?��

KOU(E � � KOPC0 �eh ;A, D 08? ) ,1QRQR08P3;A=5KOU � � KOU(E � � KOU(E KOPA0 B(?C08E ;AG QO08U(0@P>KM;A0&;A=(0 78GRPCPA087d;

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M12 M13

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M20 M21

M22 M23

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M26 M27

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P>KMU(QR0O2<�!U�;A=(,/?W78GRUIE(,1;A,/GRU ;>=(0 =I,/QR=�� ?A,1E(0 ? �-,1;A7:= D B(?C;F.1, D ,1;H,N;>? ?CB(Y(Y(.1,/0@E�78B(PCPA0@U`;&KMU(E0@XO08U+;>B(KO./. * Y[G � 08P�E(G �-Uf2 $=(,1? �-,/./. Y(PAGM;>087d;�;>=(0 ?C08U(?CGRPa,1U+;>08P�JLKO7803J\PCG D 0 ;�7808?C?A,NXR0 Y G �60@PE(,1?A?A,1Y5KM;A,/GRU KOU(E ;>=(0@P D KO.�Y(PAG ) ./0 D ?82 �G E(0@;A087d; ;>=(,1? 78GOU(E(,1;A,/GRU � K ?A0@78GRU(E hI2 � � PC08Y(.1,/78K78BIPAPA0@U+;$./0@Q ,/? KOE(EI08E ;>G ;>=(0�=(,/QR=W?A,1E(0�? �-,1;>7:= �(KO? ?A=(G �-UF,/U c,/QOB(PA0�i�2 ��B(?C,/U(Q3EI0@X�,/7@08? #�� #�� `KOUIE # � 2c$=(0 D ,/PAPCGRPA0@E 78B(PCPA0@U`;�,1? KOY(Y(.1,/0@E3;>G�; � GaPC08?A,1?C;AGRPA? GOJ ;>=I0$?>K D 0^; * Y[0�� bKMU(E� �a;>=(KM;3QR0@U(08PAKM;>0HXRGO.1;:KMQR08? � �-=(,17:= KOPA0W78G D Y5KOPC08E ;>G KMU ,/U+;A08PAU(KO.'PA0@J\0@PA0@U(780M2 $=(0WG XR08P �78BIPAPA0@U+; ) ./G�7:9�B(?C08? K�7@G D Y5KOP>K ;>GRP ;>G�E(0@;A087d; �-=(08U3;A=(067@B(PAPC08U+; =5KM?cPA08KO7:=(0@EHK�=(,1QR= 7@B(PAPC08U+;

c,/QOB(PA0 i�2 \��=IGRPC;$;AG ) K ;A;>0@P * ? �-,1;A7:=f2

IoutPk = -2.496A

Iout = -318uAIout = 17.58mIout = 17.58m

0.0 2.0m 4.0m 6.0m 8.0m 10m

time (ms)

Iout1 Vout1

c,1QRB(PA0�i�2 Y ��=(GRP�;�;AG ) KM;A;A08P * ?A, D B(.ZK ;>,/GOUf2

78GOU(E(,1;A,/GRU 2c$=(,1?�7@G D Y5KOP>K ;>GRP'?A,1QRU5KO.I,/?'Y(PAG�780@?A?C08E )+* K EI08.ZK *H) .1G�7:9 � �-=(,17:=W]5.N;>08PC?'QR./,N;>7:=(0@?KOU(E&JLKO./?C0aG XO08P � 78B(PCPA0@U`;�78GRU(EI,1;>,1GRU(?@2$ * Y(,17eKO.�?A=`BI;AE(G �-U J\GRP�KMU G XR0@P �!7@B(PAPC08U+;�78GOU(E(,1;A,/GRU ,1?iOhRh f?^;>G � D ?82

� ?A08Y(KOP>KM;A0 �$7@B(PAPC08U+; � ./, D ,1; ) ./G�7:9 �^KM?WE(0@?A,1QRU(08E ;>G YIPA0@XO08U+;F=(,1QR= 78B(PCPA08U+; ./0@XO08.1?J\PAG D E5K D KOQO,/U(Q�;A=(0$,/U+;A08QRPAKM;>0@E 78,/PC78B(,N;e2 " B(PAPC08U+;'./, D ,N;>,/UIQ�,1? ,/U(7@GRPAY GRPAKM;>0@E3,/U 7@GRU �CB(U(7d;>,1GRU

�-,1;A=�;>=(0 G XO08P � 78B(PCPA0@U`;&E(0d;>0@7@;>,1GRU ) .1G�7:9 2�V�?A,1U(Q ;>=I0 hI2 � � PA0@Y(./,17eK ?C08U(?C0 7@B(PAPC08U+; �-,1;A=K D Y(./,N]508P6� � KMU(E E(0dX�,/780 #�� J\PCG D c,1QRB(PC0 i�2 � �[K J\080@E ) KO7:9 D 087:=5KMU(,/? D ,/?-78PC0eKM;A08E��-=I,/7:=�-,/.1. 0 � 0@7@;A,1XR0@. * ./, D ,N;�;A=(037@B(PAPC08U+; ) KO?C08E GRU ;>=I0 ./0@XO08. GOJ';>=(03,1U+;>08PCU5KO. PA0@J\0@PA0@U(7803XOGR.1;>KOQR0O2$=(0 78B(PCPA0@U`; �!.1, D ,1; ) ./G�7:9 PA0@QRB(./KM;>0@? )`* ,1U �C087d;>,1U(Q 78B(PCPA0@U`;�,/U+;AG3;>=(0�./0dXR0@.�?C=(,1J ;A08P ) .1G�7:9 2

��B(0 ;>G ;>=(0 JLKO7d;W;A=5KM;H;>=(0&G XR0@P �!7@B(PAPC08U+; KOUIE 78BIPAPA0@U+; �!.1, D ,1;A,/U(Q EI0@;>0@7@;A,/GRU ) ./G�7:9`?

B(?C03;>=(03?AK D 0 E(0d;>087d;>,1GRU 78B(PCPA0@U`;�;A=(03G XR0@P � 78B(PCPA08U+; 78GOU(E(,1;A,/GRU ?A=(GOB(./E KO. �^K * ? ) 0308U(K ) ./0@E) 0@J\GRPC0�;A=(0 7@B(PAPC08U+; ./, D ,1;A,/U(Q ,/?�KO7d;>,1XMKM;A08Ef2�$=(0 ,/U(7@./B(?C,/GRU�GOJ�;>=(0�78B(PCPA0@U`; �!.1, D ,1; ) .1G�7:9�KOE(E(? K

U(0@Q+KM;>,NXR0�J\0@08E ) KM7:9 78G D Y GRU(08U+;-,1U`;AG3;>=(0�EI08?A,1QRUf2 $=(,1?$PA0@_�BI,/PA0@?$;>=5KM;^7eKOPC0@J\B(.f� " KOU5KO. * ?A,/?

GOJ�;A=(0&?C;:K ) ,/.1,1; * GOJ�;>=(0 �-=(GR.10 ? * ?�;>0 D ) 0 0dXMKO./B5K ;>08E 2 c,/QRBIPA0 i�2 � h ?C=(G �-?FKOU � " Y(./GO;?A=IG��-,1U(Q3;>=I0�Q+KO,1U � ) KOU(E �-,1EI;>= �(KOU(EFY(=5KM?A0 D KOPAQO,/U GMJ�;A=(0�7@B(PAPC08U+; � ./, D ,1; K D Y(.1,1]50@P E(BIPA,/UIQKW7@B(PAPC08U+;�.1, D ,1;$7@GRU(E(,N;>,/GOU ,1U&;A=(03��KO./. ��0@U(?AGRP��!U+;>08P�JLKO780M2� * Y(,/78KO. ?C, D BI.ZKM;A,/GRU(?$?C=(G �60@E KQ+KO,1U GMJ,=Oh E54 �-,1;A= K Y(=(KO?A0 D KOPCQR,/U GOJ �Ri�� KOUIE K Q+KM,/U ) KOU(E �-,1EI;>= YIPAG�E(B(7@;aGOJ-K ) GRB�;� # � �O2

100m 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G

freq (Hz)

c,/QOB(PA0�i�2 � h � � " ?A, D B(./KM;>,1GRU GOJ 78B(PCPA0@U`; �!.1, D ,1;$K D Y(.1,1]50@P^E(B(PC,/U(Q GOY[0@P>KM;A,/GRUf2

� � � 12$5#�� AC��5 J ��"W��DG�:-N� �

$=(0 GRBI;>YIBI;cGMJ(;>=(0 ?A0@U(?A0^7@B(PAPC08U+;b,1?�; * Y(,17eKO.1. * 7@GRU(U(0@7@;A08E3;>G-;>=I06PA0@?A,1?C;>GOPc� � 2 � =I08U

;>=I0^?A0@U(?AGRPc,/U+;>0@PCJLKO7@06,/? PAB(UIU(,/U(Q�KM;bK�=(,/QR=I08P ��^;A=(0 XOGR.1;>KOQR067@PA08KM;>0@E )`* ;>=I0^?A0@U(?A0$7@B(PAPC08U+;

KOU(E PC08?C,/?C;AGRP�7@GRB(./E QR08U(0@P>KM;A0HKWXRGO.1;:KMQR0 ;>=(KM;�,1?�QRPA08KM;>0@P�;A=5KM;�;A=(03E(,1QR,1;>KO. XRGR.N;:KOQR0a?AB(YIY(. * 2

�G .1, D ,1; ;>=(0 XOGR.1;>KOQR0FGRU ;A=(0&�I�'��I� YI,/U KOU ,/U+;A08QRPAKM;>0@E XOGR.1;>KOQR0 7@.ZK D Y ,/? BI?A08E 2 $=(0

XRGO.1;:KMQR0$78./K D Y 78KOU ) 0-?A0@08UW,/U c,/QOB(PA0-i�2 �R2c� ; ,1? D KME(0$B(Y GOJfK D Y(.1,1]50@Pb� � KOU(E ;A=(0�� # ��

E(0dX�,1780 #�2 $=(0 Y GR?A,N;>,1XO0F,/U(YIBI; GOJ�;A=(0&K D Y(./,N]508Pa,/? 78GOU(U(087d;>0@E ;>G ;>=I0&EI,/QR,N;:KO.�XRGR.N;:KOQR0

?ABIY(Y(. * � KOU(E ;>=(0WU(08QRKM;>,NXR0 ,/U(Y(B�; ,1? ;A,/08E ;>G&;>=(0 �I�'��I�<Y(,1Uf2 $=(0WJ\0@08E ) KM7:9 E(0dX�,/780 # �

� �

) .10808EI?6K �6K * ;A=(0�0 ;�780@?A?^7@B(PAPC08U+; ;A=5KM;�78GOB(./E 7eKOBI?A0-;>=(0-XRGR.N;:KOQO0�GOUW?C08U(?C0 �\� � � ��b;>G 0 ;�780@08E;>=I0�E(,/QO,1;:KM. XOGR.1;>KOQR0�?CB(Y(Y(. * 2 $=(0�XOGR.1;>KOQR0�7@.ZK D Y KM./?AG 08U5K ) ./08?^;A=(0�G XR0@P � 78B(PCPA08U+;�E(0d;>087d;>,1GRU

;>G ) 0�08U5K ) ./08E �-,1;A=(GRBI;-7@G D Y(./0d;>,/UIQ ;>=(0�J\0@08E ) KM7:9 ;A=(PAGOB(QR=F;>=(0a�I�'��I��Y(,/U 2 c,1QRB(PA0 i�2 �� ?A=(G �-?F;>=(0 GOY[0@P>KM;A,/GRU�GMJ ;A=(0 78BIPAPA0@U+; �!.1, D ,1;��$G XO08P �!78BIPAPA0@U+; EI0@;>0@7@;AGRP

KOU(E i ��?C08U(?C0378./K D Y E(BIPA,/UIQ K ?C=(GRPC;�;>GWQRPAGOB(U(E 7@GRU(E(,N;>,/GOUf2$�!U ;>=I0 ?A, D B(./KM;>,1GRU �� 6KO?78GOU(U(087d;>0@E ;>G K � � PC08?A,1?C;AGRP�� -=(,/7:= ,1?a7@GRU(U(0@7@;A08E ;>G QRPAGOB(U(Ef2 � =(0@U ;>=(0 08U(K ) ./0W?A,1QRU5KO.,/?�E(PC,1XO08U =(,/QR= ;A=(0WGOBI;>Y(B�;a7@B(PAPC08U+; ;>PA,108?�;>G&?AGOB(PA7@0 �R2 h�� GOJ67@B(PAPC08U+; � ) BI;�;>=I0W7@B(PAPC08U+;./, D ,N;>,1U(Q ) .1G�7:9 ?A0@;H;A=(0 GOBI;>Y(B�;W7@B(PAPC08U+; .10@XO08.^;>G�\+g�2 �`i D � 2'460@7eKOB(?C0�� 0 =(K XO0 0@U+;>08PC08EKOU G XR0@P �!7@B(PAPC08U+;a78GRU(EI,1;>,1GRU ;>=I0 GOBI;>Y(B�;a?C=`BI;>? E(G �-U K J ;>08P�K ;A, D 03E(08./K * GOJ�\ � h f?@2 $=(0

?A0@U(?A0-7@.ZK D Y3KO.1?AG�.1, D ,1;A? ;A=(06XOGR.1;>KOQR0^GRU3;A=(0-��0@U(?A0$YI,/U3;>G�i�2 hOh��M��EIB(PA,1U(Q�;>=(06=(,/QR= �!78BIPAPA0@U+;

78GOU(E(,1;A,/GRU 2

Vsense2 =5.006V

IOUT2 = 82.45mA

Tdel = 810.251us

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0

Time (ms)

Vsense2Enable2Isense2Iout2

c,1QRB(PC0 i�2 �� " B(PA0@U+; �!.1, D ,1;^KOU(E G XR08P �!7@B(PAPC08U+;�E(0d;>0@7@;>,1GRU ?A, D B(.ZK ;>,/GOUf2

� � H #!� 4 � AC�!�: -/�*� SC4O�N 8��9 �$:�!�

" KOP ) KM;C;>08PC,/0@?&78KOU ) 0 0 ;�Y GR?A0@E�;>G KOU�0@./0@7@;>PC,/78KO.�78GRUIE(,1;A,/GRU 7eKM././0@E ./G+KOE E(B D Yf2

G+KOEWE(B D Y G�7878BIPA? �-=(0@U ;>=I0�,/QOU(,1;A,/GRUH,/?�?C;>KOPC;A08EFKMU(E ,1U(E(B(7d;>,1XO0�9`,/7:9 ) KM7:9W78KOB(?A0@?6;>=I0�7eKMP) KM;C;>0@P * ;AG �CB D Y B(Y ;>G K Y GO;>0@U+;>,ZKM. GOJ �+h �32c�G Y(PCGO;>0@7@; J\GRP ;A=(,/? 78GRU(EI,1;>,1GRU K ) ./G�7:9 ,1?E(0@?A,/QOU(08E ;>=(KM;�E(0@;A087d;>? �-=(08U ;>=I0 7eKOP ) K ;A;>0@P * 0 ;�780@08E(? �+hM� KOUIE ?C=`BI;>?�G� Y[G � 08P�;>GF;>=I0��KM./.�� 0��[087d;$?A0@U(?AGRP@2

$=(0-G XR0@P � XOGR.1;>KOQR0 ) .1G�7:9 B(?C08? K�PA08?C,/?�;>GRP ?�;>PA,1U(Q�;>G�.10@XR0@.(?A=I,1J ;b;A=(0-?AB(Y(YI. * XOGR.1;>KOQR06;AG

;>=I06,/UIY(BI;bGMJ K�i � 78G D Y5KOPAKM;>GOP82�$=(0^GO;A=(08P ,/U(Y(B�;cGOJ5;A=(067@G D Y5KOP>K ;>GRP ,/?�;>,108Ea;AG�K�PC0@J\0@PA08UI780

XRGO.1;:KMQR0 QR0@U(08PAKM;>0@E )`* ;>=(0 PC0@J\0@PA08UI780 ) .1G�7:9 2�$=(,/? ) ./G�7:9 �-,1./.-E(0d;>087d;F;>=(0 G XO08P � XRGR.N;:KOQO078GOU(E(,1;A,/GRU&KOUIE QR0@U(08PAKM;>0aK 7@GRU+;>PCGR. ?A,/QOU5KO. ;A=5KM;�78./GO?A08?$;A=(0a=I,/QR=&?A,1E(0�? �-,1;A7:= 78GOU(?A,1?C;>,1U(QHGOJE(0dX�,1780@? # � KOU(E # � 2c$=I,/?c?C=(,/0@./E(?�;>=(06��KO.1.�� 0��[087@;�?C08U(?CGRPcJ\PAG D ;>=(0^G XO08P � XRGR.N;:KOQO0 7@GRU(E(,N;>,/GOU

KOU(EaKO.1?AG�KO./.1G �-?f;>=(0',/U+;A08PCJLKM780 ;>G-08U(K ) ./0',N;>?A0@.1J�,/U+;>G�K ) ,/KO? ?C;:K ;>0 ;>=5K ; �-,/./.OY(PAGO;A087d;cKM./.R7@,/PA7@B(,1;U(G�E(08?$J\PCG D ;>=I0 0 ;�;>PA0 D 0 ) K ;A;>0@P * XOGR.1;>KOQR0M2

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.ZK * GRBI;HGOJ�;>=(0F=I,/QR=�� ?A,1E(0F? �-,N;>7:= ,/U PA0@.ZKM;A,/GRU ;>G ;>=(0 �

�� ;A= ?C08U(?C0 KOUIE 7@B(PAPC08U+; Y(PAGM;>087d;>,1GRU

D ,/PAPCGRPA?@2c��BI0�;AG ;A=(0$;>,/QO=`; � i�� D KM;>7:=I,/U(Q ?AY 087�,1;',1?�7@PA,N;>,/78KO.I;A=5KM;�E(0@X�,17808? # � KOU(E # � ) 0

KOPCP>KOU(QO08E ,1U ;>=(0 ?>K D 0 GRPC,/0@U`;>KM;>,1GRU KO? #�� # � KOU(E # � � #�� 2��? D 08U+;>,1GRU(08E ,/U " =(KOYI;>0@Pg � =(,/QO= XRGO.1;:KMQR0aEI0@X�,/7@08?�KOPC0aUIGO;�?C08.1J �!KO./,1QRU(0@E&EIB(0a;AG ;>=(0 KOE(E(0@E PA0@?A,1?C;:KMU(7803GMJb;>=(0aE(P>KM,/Uf2$=(,1?�7eKOB(?C08?�;>=I08?A0HE(0dX�,/780@?�;>G ) 03XR08P * E(08Y 08UIE(08U+; GRU GRPA,108U+;:K ;>,/GOUf2�� ;�,/?�7@PA,1;A,/78KO.�;A=5KM;�,1U

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�� ect Sensor

OUT SENSE

Rsense

Rm1 Rm3

Rp1 Rp2

c,/QOB(PA0 �I2 � �'��KO./.��!0��[087d;$?A0@U(?AGOP�,1U`;A08P�JLKO780 �-,N;>=&Y5KOP>KM?A,1;A,/7 D 0@;>KO.fPC08?A,1?C;>KOU(780M2

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� � �I2 ��

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� �� I2 =��

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KOE(EI,1;>,1GRU5KO. 780@././?�9`U(G �-U KO?�;A=(0 ��I� GOP �\./G ��!?C,/E(0HPC0@;>BIPAU(? ��G�787@B(Y * ;A=(0 JLKOP�PA,1QR=+;aGMJ6;>=I0E(0@?A,/QOUf2 $=(0@?A0 ) .1G�7:9`? =5KeXR0WU(GO; ) 0@08U EI,/?A7@B(?A?C08E ,1U ;A=(,/?�;>=(0@?A,1?82 $=(0WB(Y(Y 08P ) B(? GOJ^;>=I0

Y5KOE PA,1U(Q ,1?�;>=(0W=(,/QR= XRGO.1;:KMQR0H?AB(Y(YI. * � =F;>G g�I2 i � � �-=(,1./0 ;>=(0 ) GO;A;AG D ,/?�;>=I0WPC08QRB(./KM;>0@E./G � XRGR.N;:KOQO0�?AB(Y(YI. * � �(2 i ;AG i�2 i � �d2

$=(0�;>GO;>KO. KOPC0eK GOJ�;>=(0��08?�; " =(,1Y ,/? � � � =Ri � hRhRh D � 2

c,1QRB(PC0 �I2 = � " B(PAPC08U+;�./, D ,1;A08P�.ZK * GOBI;e2

,/QRB(PC0 �I2 \��i � ?A0@U(?A0 78./K D YF.ZK * GRB�;e2

,/QRB(PC0 �I2 Y�� 5B(./.��!7:=(,1Y D KM?A9 E(0@?A,1QRU GOJ ;A08?�;�7:=I,/Yf2

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;>0@?C;A08E3G XR0@Pc;>=I0608U+;A,/PA0�?ABIY(Y(. * �&=-;>G�g�I2 i � � KOUIE ;>0 D Y 08PAKM;>B(PC0 � � �+h$;>G � Rh � " � PAKOU(QR0M2b��KM;>K

B(?C08E ;>GW0 ;�;>PAKOY GR.ZKM;A0 ;A=(0 ,1U(Y(BI;�G�[?A0d;�XRGO.1;:KMQR0aGMJb;>=(0a78B(PCPA0@U`;�?A08UI?A0 K D Y(.1,1]50@P �^KO?�;:KO9M08UKM; � �+h�� " �-=(,/7:= ,/?';>=(0 �6GRPC?C;67eKO?C0 D KM;>7:=(,1U(Q 7@GRU(E(,N;>,1GRUWEIB(0�;AGa;>=I0�./G � 08P GRU PC08?A,1?C;>KOU(780�GOJ;>=I0 =I,/QR=�� ?A,1E(0�? �-,N;>7:=f2

� � > DG3�4�4�� JU��"W� �� &$��4

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��KM./. �!U+;>08P�JLKO780 EIG�0@?�QR0@U(08PAKM;>0 KW?A08UI?A0 78BIPAPA0@U+; � �-=(,17:= 7eKOU ) 0 7@G D Y5KOPA0@E E(,1PA087d;>. * ;AG ;>=I0=5KO.1. ?C08U(?CGRP ) ,ZKM? 78BIPAPA0@U+;e2 $=I0F78B(PCPA08U+; ?A0@U(?A0 D ,/? D KM;A7:= E5KM;>K ./,1?C;A08E ,/U cK ) ./0R=�2 � �6KO?

;:KM9O08U&J\PAG D gOhRh Y5KOP�;>?-G XR0@P-;A=(0�?AY 087@,1]50@E GRBI;AY(BI;-7@B(PAPC08U+; � KOU(E&?ABIY(Y(. * P>KOU(QO0O2�-0@X�,/0 �-,/U(Q ;>=(0a78B(PCPA08U+;�?A08UI?A0 D ,/? D KM;A7:= 0@_`B5KM;>,1GRU(?�QR08U(0@P>KM;A08E ,1U " =5KMYI;>0@P�� KMU(E

B(?C,/U(Q 0@_�B(KM;>,1GRU �(2�� KO? � 08.1.^KO? ;A=(0 U(GOP D KO./,��808E ?A,1Q D K&XOKM./B(0@?aJ\GRP # � �� =�2 \ D �� D �

KOU(E # � � i �R2 D �� D �b,/U c,/QRBIPA0 �(2 ��;A=(0 �� ,1U(Y(BI;�G�[?A0d; XOGR.1;>KOQR0-GOJ ;A=(0�78B(PCPA08U+;6?A08UI?A0

K D Y(./,N]508P�78KOU ) 0 0 ;�;>PAKOY[GO.ZKM;A08E J\PCG D ;>=(0 7@B(PAPC08U+; D ,/? D KM;A7:= E5KM;>KI2 K ) .10�=�2 g ./,1?C;A?a;>=I0

7eKM./78BI.ZKM;A08E � ,1U(Y(BI;�G�[?A0d;�XOGR.1;>KOQR0�7eKM./78BI.ZKM;A,/GRUFJ\GRP$;>=I0a?AK D 0�7@B(PAPC08U+; � ;>0 D Y 08PAKM;>B(PC0 KMU(EXRGO.1;:KMQR0�78GRPCU(08PC?�.1,/?�;>08EF,1U cK ) ./0C=�2 �R2

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+i = I2 i� \�2 h+g��= = �R2 = � �I2 \VY\ = hI2 \Rh �I2 h+gi = hI2 iOh �2 Y�g = hI2 gOh �2 Y�

+i g�I2 i I2 iRg \�2 h+g��= g�I2 i �R2 = � �I2 Y+i\ g�I2 i hI2 \Rh �I2 h�i g�I2 i hI2 iOh �2 Y =g g�I2 i hI2 gOh �2 Y��

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+i = � ��+i�2 =��= = ��`i�2 Y\ = � � i�2 Yi = V\�I2 \g = VY�I2 h

+i g �I2 i � ��+i�2 =��= g �I2 i �V\ �R2 Y\ g �I2 i �`g �R2 hi g �I2 i VYV\I2 �g g �I2 i �+h�I2 =

$=(0 KeXR0@P>KOQR0�XMKO.1B(0�J\GRP6;A=(0�G�[?A0d;>?-./,1?C;>0@EF,/UF K ) .10 =�2 g 0 ;�78./BIE(,/U(Q3;A=(0 +i D � D 0eK �

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7eKM./78BI.ZKM;A08E3J\GRPc� �� ,1U3;>=(0$Y(PC0@X�,/GOB(? E(08?C,/QRUHKMY(Y(PAG ;�, D KM;A08E gRiOh D � 2c$=I0 D KM;A7:=(,/UIQ�0��[087@;A?

) 0@; � 0808U � ��KOU(E � � � �60@PA0 U(GO; ,/U(7@./B(EI08E ,/U ;>=I0 ?C08U(?C0 D ,/? D K ;>7:= KOU5KO. * ?A,/? � E(B(0 ;>G ;>=I0D ,/U(, D ,��eKM;A,/GRU GOJ ,1;>?$0 � 0@7@;�E(,1?A78BI?A?A0@E ,/UF?C087d;>,/GOU �I2 �R2

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; � G % # ��WE(0@X�,17808? ) KO7:9 ;>G ) KO7:9 �-,1;A=W;A=(08,1P � 08.1./? KOU(EW?AGRB(PC780@?6;>,108EH;>GRQR0d;>0@P82'��0@X�,1780 # h,/?-KH% �EI0@X�,/7@0 �-,N;>=&K gRg�2 hM��E(PAKO,/U�� ) B(.19 ) PC0eKO9`E(G �-U KOU(E ;>=(0�GO;A=(08P-K �+h � % # � � 25$=(0?A0@78GRUIE 7@,/PC78B(,N; ?C=(G �-U ,1U c,1QRB(PA0 =�2 g Y(.ZKM7808E K PA0@?A,/?�;>GRP ,/U ) 0@; � 080@U ;A=(0 E(PAKO,/U KOU(E � 08./.GOJ ;>=(0W% E(0@X�,1780O2 $=(0W;A=(,/PCE 7@,/PA7@B(,1;�?C=(G �-U ,/U c,1QRB(PA0(=�2 , D Y(./0 D 0@U+;>08E K ?A,/UIQR./0 �+h �

% # �� EI0@X�,/7@0 ;A=5KM;-=5KOE K ,/U(7@PA08KO?A0@E ?CGRB(PA7@0 ;AG ) B(./9 ) PA08KO9`E(G �-U GOJbgOhM� 2

cK ) ./0 =�2 ��=(GRP�;$;>G ) KM;C;>08P * Y 08PCJ\GOP D KOU(780M2��PA7:=(,N;>087d;>B(PC0 ��-4 �<;IY 087d;>0@E ��-4 �08?�;>08E ��B ) ?C;AP>KM;A0 " BIPAPA0@U+;

=�2 � gRg�2 hM� ��gRg�2 hM� � � D �=�2 g gRg�2 hM� ��gRg�2 hM� �`i D �=�2 gOhI2 hM� ��gRg�2 hM� �� D �

K ) ./0 =�2 a?A=IG��-?$=IG�� 08KO7:=FGOJ ;A=(0�?C=(GRPC; ;>G ) KM;A;A08P * KOPC7:=(,1;A087d;>B(PC08?$Y 08PCJ\GOP D 08Ef2b��./.;>=IPA080&78,1PA7@B(,1;A? � 08PC0 K ) ./0F;>G �-,1;>=I?C;:KMU(E K ?A=(GOPC; ;>G ) KM;A;A08P * 78GRU(EI,1;>,1GRU GOJ�QOPA0eK ;>08PH;>=(KOU

gRg�2 hM� 2 $=I0 ) ,1QRQR08?�;�E(,��[08PC08U+;>,/KM;>GRP ) 0@; � 080@U ;>=(0 ;>=(PC080aKOPA7:=(,N;>0@7@;>BIPA08? �^KO?�;>=(0aK D GRB(U+;�GOJ?AB ) ?C;AP>KM;A0 78BIPAPA0@U+;�;A=5KM; �^KM? D 0eKO?CB(PA0@Ef2 " B(PCPA0@U`;�,/?-,/U��C087@;A08E ,/U+;>G ;>=I0a?CB ) ?C;AP>KM;A0a;A=(PAGRBIQR=;>=I0 Y5KMP>KO?C,1;>,17&%��% ;>=5KM;W78GOPAPA0@?AY GRU(E(? ;>G ;>=(0&E(P>KM,/U�� 60@./.�� ?AB ) ?C;>PAKM;>0 7@GRU(U(0@7@;>,1GRU(?WGOJ�;>=I0% # �� E(0@X�,1780O2 ��? ;A=(0�� ',1?�J\GRP �^KMPAE ) ,/KO?A0@E ;>=I,/?67@PA08KM;>0@?$K ) KM?A0�7@B(PAPC08U+;^;>=(KM;6,1?6Q+KM,/U(0@EB(Y )+* ;>=(0�� GOJf;A=(0�%'��% KOU(E Y5KO?A?C08?6;A=(PAGOB(QR= ;A=(0�7@GR./.1087@;AGRP'?AB ) ?C;>PAKM;>0�;>Ga� C2 c,/QOB(PA0 =�2 g

�� ect Sensor

Blocking Diode

c,1QRB(PC0 =�2 � �'% # �� ) KO7:9W;>G ) KO7:9 ?C=(GRPC;-;AG ) KM;A;A08P * KOPA7:=(,N;>0@7@;>BIPA0O2

�� ect Sensor

VLSCurrent Limiting Resistor

c,/QRBIPA0C=�2 g ��gRg � % # �� -,1;A=&PC08?C,/?C;AGRP-?A=(GOPC;-;>G ) KM;C;>0@P * KOPC7:=(,1;A087d;>B(PC0O2

,/U��C087@;A08E ;A=(0 D GR?C;6?AB ) ?C;>PAKM;>0�78B(PCPA08U+;$EIB(0�;>Ga;>=(0��KOPA.1,/U(QO;AGRU 78GRU(UI087@;A,/GRU GOJ ;>=(0�Y5KOPAKO?A,N;>,/7%'��% ? �-=(,17:= PC08?CB(.1;A?�,/U KFg � 7@B(PAPC08U+;�Q+KO,1Uf2 c,/QOB(PA0 =�2 � �^KO?�;A=(0 ) 08?C;�Y[0@PCJ\GRP D 0@P�E(B(0 ;AG;>=I0 ? D KM././0@P$K D GRB(U+;-GOJ ) KO?C0 7@B(PAPC08U+;e2

� � � ? -/�&�2JU��"W�*4 7 �! 8� 4O) -N�V�E+��"' � ��" 3��5 �"

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��0@U(?AGRP-�!U+;>0@PCJLKO7@0O2

Current Load

Regulated Supply = 5V

Vbattery = 12V

Short To Battery

High Side Switch

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cK ) ./0 =�2 � � � 0 * Y(KOP>K D 0@;APA,178?^J\GRP-��KO./.��!0��[087d;$?A0@U(?AGOP�,1U+;>08P�JLKO780M2% KOP>K D 0@;A08P ��, D B(.ZK ;>,/GOU �08?C;A08E

��U ��-08?A,1?C;>KOU(780 g �I2 � � � D KO; � �8\I2 Y � � D KO; ��=(GOPC;-;>G 4^KM;C;>0@P * gRg�2 hM� ��gOg�2 h ��0@U(?A0 # KM;A7:=(,/U(Q � =�2 i �G=�2��

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? * ?�;>0 D �-,N;>= K D ,/7@PAGRYIPAG�7808?C?AGRP'KMU(E KMU KOU(KO./GRQ�;AG�E(,/QR,N;:KO.�E5KM;>K 7@GRU+XR08P�;>0@P��?A,/QOU(,1]578KOU+;'78GR?�;?>KeX�,/UIQR? �6GRBI./E ) 0�KO7:=I,/0@XO08Ef2

�G KM7:=(,/0dXR0 K =(,/QO= KO787@B(P>KO7 * ,1U�;>=(0 ?C08U(?C0 7@B(PAPC08U+; K ) B(./9�� E(PA,NXR08U ,1U(Y(BI; ?�;:KOQO0

�6KO? B(?A0@E ;>G KO7:=I,/0@XO0 K =(,1QR=(0@PF78G D D GOU�� D G�EI0 ,/UIY(BI; P>KMU(QR0 �-,1;A=(GRBI;F;A=(0 KOE(E(,N;>,/GOU�GOJ./0dXR0@.�?C=(,1J ;A08PC?�GRP�K ; �-,/U�� 60@./. Y(PAG�780@?A?@2$$=(0 .1G�� 08P�Q+KO,1U GOJc;A=(0 ) BI./9��!E(PC,1XO08U K D YI./,1](08P �6KO?G XR0@PA78G D 0 �-,1;A= 7eKO?C78G�E(0�E(0@X�,/7@08? � �-=I,/7:= KO./?CGHKO./.1G�� 08E ;A=(0�B(?A0�GOJ ./G � XRGR.N;:KOQO0 # �� b� $?J\GRP-KO7@78B(PAKO7 * ,1U 78PA,N;>,17eKO. D KM;A7:=(,/UIQHKOPA08KO?82

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GRU�� PA0@?A,/?�;:KOUI780HY5KM;A=f2 $=(,1? KO./.1G��-?�J\GOPaK D GRPA0H0��W7@,/0@U`;a=(,1QR=��!?C,/E(0 ? �-,1;A7:= ��;A=5KM; =5KO? K PA0 �E(B(7@08E XOGR.1;>KOQR0�E(PAGOY ,/U KOE(E(,N;>,1GRUF;>G K 78GR?�;�?AK X�,1U(QR?�PC0eKO.1, �@08E )`* ,1U`;A08QRPAKM;>,1U(QH;>=(0a?A=(GRP�;�;AG

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