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HIA and Flood Management:The Challenge for
Southeast Asian Cities
Decharut SukkumnoedKasetsart University and
Healthy Public Policy Foundation
Southeast Asian Floods in 2011
• More than million households (or around 5 million people) were inundated.
• More than 3,000 people were dead.• Nearly 2 million hectares were inundated.• Economic loss is more than 45 billion USD
Potential health effects of flooding
Direct• Drowning• Injuries (e.g. cuts,
sprains, fractures, punctures, electric shock)
• Vector-and rodent-borne diseases( e.g. malaria, leptospirosis)
• Chemical contamination (e.g. of water, food)
• Skin/eye infections
• Mental health
Indirect• Damage to health care
infrastructure and loss of essential drugs
• Damage to water and sanitation infrastructure
• Damage/destruction of property (e.g. lack of shelter may lead to increased exposure to disease vectors)
• Disruption of livelihood and income
• Population displacement
• A commitment to HPP means the government must assess and measure the health impacts of their policies in a consultative and participatory ways.
• HIA=“a combination of procedures, methods, and tools by which a policy, program, project may be judged as to its potential effect on health of the population and the distribution of those effects within the population.”
• HIA provides “a set of evidence-based recommendations gears to informing decision-making process”.
• The aim of HIA is to “achieve changes in policies and proposals so that they support better health and reduce health inequalities”.
Health Impact Assessment
How HIA can contribute to more effective and equitable flood
management?
To investigate to role of HIA in five steps of flood management
HIA Contribution Point I
• Participating in Flood Exposure Analysis• Understanding the Emerging Risks• Providing Health Perspective in Flood
Exposure Analysis
Flood Risk Assessment
Define Flood SeverityDefine Vulnerability
Define Control and Mitigation Measures
HIA Contribution Point II
• HIA is very useful tool for vulnerability mapping
• Focusing on vulnerable groups, places, and effects
• Avoiding health impacts in the most vulnerable areas and groups
Death By Electric Shock in Thailand
147 14
73 3
36 26
39 22
34 20
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Ayudhaya
Nakorn Sawan
Bangkok
Pathum Thanee
Nonthaburi
Number of Death in Thailand's 2011 Flooding by Causes of Death
and Provinces
Drowning
Electric Shock
Others
Wet Flood-Proof House
http://www.chiefscientist.qld.gov.au/publications/understanding-floods/future.aspx
Wet Flood-Proof House
http://homearchitecturestyles.com/home-design/flood-resistant-house-design.html
Flood Retention Green Area
http://www.archdaily.com/131747/shanghai-houtan-park-turenscape/
http://www.archdaily.com/131747/shanghai-houtan-park-turenscape/
HIA Contribution Point IV and V
• Analyzing potential health impacts, both positive and negative, of different adaptation strategies
• Promoting innovative flood design with integrated flood management into sustainable development– Presenting unseen positive and negative health
impacts
Institutional Traps in Flood Management
• Fragmentation = fix with organization own roles and responsibilities
• Rigidity = fix with conventional way of flood protection, large structural measures
• Scale = focus on one scale of flood management; centralization VS decentralization
• Elite capture = protect the benefits of better-off groups within the society
• Crisis management = focus only on the short period of time during the crisis mainly for public relation and political objectives
Addressing Institutional Traps
Strategies
Institutional Traps
Fragmentation
Rigidity
Scale Elite captu
re
Crisis ManagementExpandin
g public participation
Building adaptive capacities at multiple levels
Integrating with development
Prioritizing the vulnerable
Linking knowledge and practices
HIA Contribution Point V
Five Strategies to avoid Institutional Traps
• Expanding public participation
• Building adaptive capacities at multiple levels
• Integrating with development• Prioritizing the vulnerable• Linking knowledge and
practices
Underpinning Values of HIA
• Democracy• Equity• Ethical Use of Evidence• Practicability• Collaboration• Comprehensiveness• Sustainability
Conclusion
• Flood risks are intensified and more vulnerable for the Southeast Asian cities.
• Require new and innovative strategy to cope and respond to intensifying risks
• HIA can be one of useful tools in– Understanding risks and vulnerabilities– Analyzing adaptation strategies– Addressing institutional traps
• Conducting HIA case studies for flood management in this region.
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