HEREIN lie buried many things which if read with patience may show the strange meaning of being...

HEREIN lie buried many things which if read with patience may show the strange meaning of being black here in the dawning of the Twentieth Century. This meaning is

not without interest to you, Gentle Reader; for the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of

the color-line.

W.E.B. DuBois (1903) The Souls of Black Folk

The Forethought

Washington, DuBois, et al (1903) The Negro Problem: A Series of Articles by Representative Negroes of Today

Gunnar Myrdal (1944) An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem in

Modern Democracy Andrew Hacker (1995)

Two Nations: Black and White, Separate, Hostile, Unequal

Studs Terkel (1992)Race: How Blacks and Whites Think and Feel

about the American Obsession West (1993)

Race Matters Massey and Denton (1993)

American Apartheid

The Face of Disaster?

Lives Disrupted

Where to go? The Tip of the Iceberg

Piles of debris

St Louis, 2010

The New American Urban Landscape

Detroit, 2011

Buffalo, 2010

South Bronx, 2011

Great Migrations - Economic and Social Reasons

1910 – 1940; 1940 - 1970

African Americans moving to industrial North from agricultural SouthRestrictive Housing Sections of Impoverished Housing PovertyLacking EducationJob Skills

The Promised Land

1950 – 1970: Brown v Board of Education (1954)

White Flight - Urban abandonment Erosion of tax baseHigh social and economic inequality Health disparityGrowing income disparityGrowing Segregation

The Chicago School

Social Conditions

Social Structure

Poverty

Unemployment

Education

Social Process

Learning

Opportunity

Susceptibility Time Stable and Variant Predictors

Multi-dimensional Risk

Family

School

Peers

Neighborhood

Individual (Self)

The Truly Disadvantaged

Wilson (1987) (1997) The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, The Underclass, and Public

PolicyWhen Work Disappears : The World of the New Urban Poor

Inner city African American communities

Departure of African American Middle Class

Remaining population less skilled-less educated

Loss of industrial employment increases marginalization

High poverty-Unemployment

Lack of Resources

Limited Organizational Supports

Low Social Capital

Low Collective Efficacy

High Social Isolation

Individual Risk Environment

Social Structural

Economic Conditions

Community IsolationLow Collective Efficacy

Social Processual

Social Learning OpportunityDelinquent Sub-cultures

Multi-Dimensional Risk

FamilyPeersSchoolsIndividual

Clusters of

Youth in Risk

Clusters of

Youth in Risk

Resource Saturation

Community Mobilization and Empowerment

Challenge and Asset Assessment

Resource Evaluation

Resource Coordination

Combination

› Evidence-based

› Capacity Building of Extant Structures