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HEREIN lie buried many things which if read with patience may show the strange meaning of being black here in the dawning of the Twentieth Century. This meaning is
not without interest to you, Gentle Reader; for the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of
the color-line.
W.E.B. DuBois (1903) The Souls of Black Folk
The Forethought
Washington, DuBois, et al (1903) The Negro Problem: A Series of Articles by Representative Negroes of Today
Gunnar Myrdal (1944) An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem in
Modern Democracy Andrew Hacker (1995)
Two Nations: Black and White, Separate, Hostile, Unequal
Studs Terkel (1992)Race: How Blacks and Whites Think and Feel
about the American Obsession West (1993)
Race Matters Massey and Denton (1993)
American Apartheid
The Face of Disaster?
Lives Disrupted
Where to go? The Tip of the Iceberg
Piles of debris
St Louis, 2010
The New American Urban Landscape
Detroit, 2011
Buffalo, 2010
South Bronx, 2011
Great Migrations - Economic and Social Reasons
1910 – 1940; 1940 - 1970
African Americans moving to industrial North from agricultural SouthRestrictive Housing Sections of Impoverished Housing PovertyLacking EducationJob Skills
The Promised Land
1950 – 1970: Brown v Board of Education (1954)
White Flight - Urban abandonment Erosion of tax baseHigh social and economic inequality Health disparityGrowing income disparityGrowing Segregation
The Chicago School
Social Conditions
Social Structure
Poverty
Unemployment
Education
Social Process
Learning
Opportunity
Susceptibility Time Stable and Variant Predictors
Multi-dimensional Risk
Family
School
Peers
Neighborhood
Individual (Self)
The Truly Disadvantaged
Wilson (1987) (1997) The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, The Underclass, and Public
PolicyWhen Work Disappears : The World of the New Urban Poor
Inner city African American communities
Departure of African American Middle Class
Remaining population less skilled-less educated
Loss of industrial employment increases marginalization
High poverty-Unemployment
Lack of Resources
Limited Organizational Supports
Low Social Capital
Low Collective Efficacy
High Social Isolation
Individual Risk Environment
Social Structural
Economic Conditions
Community IsolationLow Collective Efficacy
Social Processual
Social Learning OpportunityDelinquent Sub-cultures
Multi-Dimensional Risk
FamilyPeersSchoolsIndividual
Clusters of
Youth in Risk
Clusters of
Youth in Risk
Resource Saturation
Community Mobilization and Empowerment
Challenge and Asset Assessment
Resource Evaluation
Resource Coordination
Combination
› Evidence-based
› Capacity Building of Extant Structures
