Helen Gottfried –UnRuh Senior Manager, Canadian Mental Health Association – Ottawa Deanna Mercer...
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- Slide 1
- Helen Gottfried UnRuh Senior Manager, Canadian Mental Health
Association Ottawa Deanna Mercer MD FRCPC psychiatry Associate
Staff, Department of Psychiatry, TOH Assistant Professor,
Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- BPD symptoms A pervasive pattern of instability of
interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked
impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety
of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: 1.
frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. Note: Do not
include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in Criterion
5. 2. a pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships
characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and
devaluation. 3. identity disturbance: markedly and persistently
unstable self-image or sense of self. 4. impulsivity in at least
two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g., spending, sex,
substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating). Note: Do not
include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in Criterion
5. 5. recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or
self-mutilating behavior 6. affective instability due to a marked
reactivity of mood (e.g., intense episodic dysphoria, irritability,
or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a
few days). 7. chronic feelings of emptiness (or boredom) 8.
inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger (e.g.,
frequent displays of temper, constant anger, recurrent physical
fights) 9. transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe
dissociative symptoms
- Slide 4
- The pain of being borderline Newly admitted inpatients, 146
BPD, 34 Axis II controls 50 dysphoric feelings BPD > other Axis
II on all 50 dysphoric feelings % of time spent feeling:
Overwhelmed 61.7% Worthless 59.5% Very angry 52.6% Lonely 63.5%
Misunderstood 51.8% Abandoned 44.6% Betrayed 35.9% Rare in non-BPD
patients Evil 23.5% Out of control 33.5% Like a small child 39.1%
Like hurting or killing themselves 44% Zanarini et al 1998
- Slide 5
- Treatment Histories 2 year study of freshman with (169) and
without (192) BPD features BPD+ : more pharmacologic, psychological
and medical treatment, even after controlling for gender, Axis I,
II pathology Bagge et al 2005 MSAD: 290 BPD, 72 other axis II
consecutive inpatients at McLean hospital patients with BPD 2- 4.5
times more likely to have received each of 12 types of treatment
Zanarini et al 2001, CLPS study : treatment seeking patients 175
BPD, 426 other PD, 97 MDD only BPD > MDD OR 2.14 6.19
individual, group, family, day hospital, inpatient, all classes of
medication BPD > OPD for all treatments except family/couples
and self-help Bender 2001
- Slide 6
- BPD prevalence General population 1% M=F Outpatients 10 20 %
Inpatients 20% Lezenweger 2007, Coid 2006, Samuels 2002, Torgersen
2001, DSMIV 200 5
- Slide 7
- Comorbidity OverallInpatients (Zanarini 2004) Depression50%86.6
% Dysthymia70%44.8% Bipolar II11%5.5% Bipolar I9%0% (exclusion
criteria) ED (AN, BN)25% (5%/20%)53.8% (21.7%/24.1%) PTSD30%58.3%
SUD35%62.1% Alcohol only25%50.3% Panic Disorder45.2% OCD14.5%
Gunderson, Links 2008, Zanarini et al 2004
- Slide 8
- Influence of BPD on Axis I disorders CLPS BPD + MDD : MDD
remission in 64% Other PD +MDD: MDD remission in 89% Gunderson et
al 2004 MSAD BPD remitted: significant decline in rates of axis I
disorders BPD never remitted: Rates of axis I disorders (mood,
anxiety, SUD, ED) remained stable despite intensive treatment
Zanarini et al 2004
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Age as a predictor of symptomatology, co-occuring disorders,
and socioeconomic characteristics in BPD N. Kleindienst, M.
Limberger, J. Barth, M. Bohus Central Institute of Mental Health
Mannheim, Germany
- Slide 11
- Methods Sample of treatment-seeking BPD-patients (n=367)
University of Freiburg, CIMH (Mannheim) female BPD (DSM-IV) Age: 18
to 65 Census data from the general population comprising all women
from the catchment area (n=2,383,000) data from the general
population were matched by nationality and age Bench mark (e.g.,
marital status)
- Slide 12
- Distribution of Age (n=367 fem. BPD-Patients) Crucial for -
education - vocational training - employment - starting a
family
- Slide 13
- Education: Years of Schooling 2 =0.16, df=2 p=0.92 Patients are
on par with respect to schooling (qualifying for univ.
admission)
- Slide 14
- Completed Vocational Training 2 =7.59, df=2 p=0.02 Differences
were minor similar level with respect to vocational training
- Slide 15
- Employment Status Very large differences in employment status
Premature Pension: 7% (Re-)Education / Secon- dary Labor Market 21%
Homemaker: 7% other: 18% Employed Unemployed Other 2 =387.03, df=2,
p
- Cochrane 2012 meta 4 outcomes DBT vs TAU Anger- large
Parasuicide, mental health status moderate Single studies estimates
of effect (DBT vs TAU) DBT>TAU BPD core pathology and associated
psychopathology
- Slide 31
- DBT vs TAU studies: summary 6 DBT (Linehan 1991, 2006, Turner
2000, Koons 2001, Verhuel 2003, Clarkin 2007) 2 DBT-S (Linehan
1999, 2002) With TAU 1-3 : DBTTAU retention 2/5 studies DBT
- Slide 32
- DBT vs Level 4 treatments Level 4 treatments Well defined
theoretical basis Weekly supervision, support Once or twice weekly
intervention Active therapists Here and now focus DBT=GPM
significant reductions in: suicide attempts*, self harm episodes,
ER visits, psych hospital days, # BPD symptoms, depression, anger,
interpersonal function McMain et al 2009 DBT vs TFP DBT= TFP
significant improvements SI/A, depression, anxiety, GAF, retention
in treatment DBT