View
58
Download
0
Category
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Strings, Axions and cold Neutrons Exploring the Properties of Fundamental Interactions with neutrons Up To and Including Gravity. Hartmut Abele Atominstitut. a, A, B, C. Acceleration of the Universe Friedman DGL. Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München. 2. 2. Friedman DGL. Axions - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Hartmut Abele
Atominstitut
Strings, Axions and cold Neutrons
Exploring the Properties of Fundamental Interactions with neutrons
Up To and Including Gravity
a, A, B, C
Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 22
Acceleration of the UniverseFriedman DGL
2
Hubble parameter: .
8Friedman Eq.: 3
Gravity Energy
4accelerated universe:
N
aH consta
H G
aa
( 2 )
3NG
Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 33
Friedman DGL
2
Hubble parameter: .
8Friedman Eq.: 3
Gravity Energy
4accelerated universe:
N
aH consta
H G
aa
( 2 )
3NG
2
Hubble parameter: .
8Friedman Eq.: 3
... ...
new Gravity Vacuum E ne r gy
N
aH consta
H G
4
accelerated universe: ( 2 )3
NGaa
/1 2( ) (1 )rm mV r G er
ADD ‘99: Repulsive forces gauge fields in the bulk
Strength = 106
– 109
, range < 100 µm,
B&C ‘05: Cosmological Constant linked to
Size of extra dimensions
~ 5µm, < 106
Axions
0.2 µm < < 2 cm
Dark Matter
1. Quantum Bounce the dynamics of ultra-cold neutrons in the gravity potential
Julio Gea-Banacloche, Am. J. Phys.1999
Quantum interference: sensitivity to fifth forces
Hartmut Abele, Atominstitut, TU Wien
Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 55
Limits
Count rate: 0.5s-1 N = 106 after 25 daysObservation time T = 100ms
6 3
6
2
10 10/
/
/ 0.33 / 6 10 peV
N
Nt E tE t
E T s
6
6
6 5 2
10
6 10 peV
3 10 10 10
N
E
2 2| |/ 12( , ) 2 2 10 peVznV z m Ge
Fifth force:
2.1 Limits on Axions/CP-Violation
SM: 0 < q < 2 EDM neutron→ q < 10-10 Axion: Spin-Mass coupling gsgp/ħc: q 0
Science week TU Munich 08, Georg Raffelt:
2 cmc
2 cm 0.2 µm
A. Westphal, H.A. et al. 2007
λ [m]
|gSg
P|/ħ
c
10-6 10-4 10-2 100
10 -30
10 -27
10 -24
10 -21
10 -18
10 -15
10 -12
PVLAS
Youdin et al., 1996
Ni et al., 1999
Heckel et al., 2006
Heckel et al., 2006:
Ni et al., 1999:
Our limit
Polarized Particle is an electron
Polarized Particle is a neutron
S. Hoedl et al.,
prospect
Hammond et al., 2007
Axion Limits Baeßler et al., PRD 2007
Westphal, Baeßler, H.A. arXiv:hep-ph/0703108
The Experimental Team:T. Jenke, H. Lemmel, H.A., ATI Vienna
P. Geltenbort, ILL
D. Stadler, Univ. HD
H. Saul, G. Kessler, T. Lins, TUM
Hartmut Abele, Atominstitut, TU Wien
3. P-Violation, the SM and β-decay of the neutron
Beta-Decay of the Neutron
See review article: The neutron. Its properties and basic interactions,
Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 60 1-81 (2008)
3. The Neutron Alphabet, Observables
Electron
Proton
Neutrino
Neutron Spin
A
B
C
A: P-odd, Dr. Mund (2007) B: P-odd, Schumann et al., PRL 99, 191803 (2007)C: P-odd, Schumann et al., PRL 100, 151801 (2008)a aSPECTb project D: T-odd, Dr. PlonkaG PSI 08, Bodek et al.N PSI 08, Bodek et al.R: T-odd, PSI 08, Bodek et al. PNPI
a
D
R N
Hartmut Abele, Atominstitut, TU Wien
Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 12
Hartmut Abele, ATI Vienna 13
a,A = gA/ gV
A + Vud from CKM matrix
A + B + Right Handed Currents (RHC)?
Letters and SM spelling
WL WR
PERKEO: Schumann et al., PRL 99, 191803 (2007)
Hartmut Abele, Atominstitut TU Wien 14
Why ratio = gA/ gV from Neutrons?Processes with the same Feynman-Diagram
Slide from D. Dubbers
Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 15
a,A = gA/ gV
A + Vud from CKM matrix
Letters and SM spelling
0%
50%
100%
'down' 'strange' 'bottom'
down strange bottom
ud us ub
cd cs cb
td ts tb
V V VV V VV V V
d ds sb b
|Vud|2 + |Vus|2 + |Vub|2 = 1-
Quark mixing is rotation in flavor space
CKM-Matrix is unitary
5 4
1 2 2 23 7(1 3 ) 2
Re
ud Ff mV cG
h
Hartmut Abele, Atominstitut, Wien 16
Is Unitary in the quark sector violated?
94.4%
4.8%
0.00001%
Vus
Vud
VubCKM Unitarity test first row
with A = - 0.1189(7)we get = gA/gV = -1.2739(19)
rad.corr.
0.9713(13)0.9717(4) (4)(12)
udV
Kaon
B-Meson (PDG 2002)
0.2196(23)0.0036(9)
us
ub
V
V
2 2 2 1ud us ubV V V
3 (PERKEO 2002)
2 2 2 10.0084 0.0028 ,
ud us ubV V V
Hartmut Abele, ATI Vienna 17
a,A = gA/ gV
A + Vud from CKM matrix
A + B + Right Handed Currents (RHC)?
Letters and SM spelling
WL WR
PERKEO: Schumann et al., PRL 99, 191803 (2007)
1818
Origin of nature’s lefthandednessStandard Model: Elektroweak interaction 100% lefthanded
Grand unified theories:Universe was left-right symmetric at the beginningParity violation = 'emergent' Order parameter <100%
Neutron decay: Correlation B + A:Mass right handed W-Boson: mR > 280 GeV/c2
Phase: -0.20 <<0.07
WL WR
Hartmut Abele, Atominstitut, TU Wien
A + B + C, Neutrons 19
A + B + C Scalar Interactions Tensor Interactions
Letters and SM spellingS, TV-A
World average 2007
gT/gA gT/gA
PERKEO: Schumann et al.,
PRL 100, 151801 (2008)
New SM: Role of low energy studies in the LHC era
Double frontier in the search for new physics- Collider experiments (pp, e+e-, etc) at higher energies (E >> MZ)
- Searches at lower energies (E < MZ) but high precision
(and beyond!)
Ramsey-Musolf: ILL workshop `08
Super symmetry effects:B-coefficientEffect large:
g-2
neutron-beta-decy
3
~
~ 10W
SUSY
M M
9
~
~
~ 10W
SUSY
M m
m M
10
-5
Ramsey-Musolf: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0608064v2H. Abele, Atominstitut, TU Wien
Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 22
Cold Neutrons @ PF1B, MEPHISTO, (PSI)
High Flux: = 2 x 1010 cm-2s-1
Decay rate of 1 MHz / metre
Polarizer: 99.7 ± 0.1 %Spin Flipper: 100.05 ± 0.1 %Analyzer: 100 % 3He-cells
Spectrometer
v- selector
Spin flipper
PolarizerDecay Volume, 8m
Chopper
Beam stop
e,p selector Analyzing area
PERC: A clean, bright and versatile source of neutron decay products
n-guide + solenoid: field B0polarized, monochromatic n-pulse
n + γ-beam stopsolenoid, field B1
solenoid, field B2p+ + e− window-framep+ + e− beam
D. Dubbers, H. Abele, S. Baeßler, B. Maerkisch, M. Schumann, T. Soldner, O. Zimmer, arXiv:0709.4440.
Hartmut Abele, ATI Wien 24
..I.ILn 16n
6n
0β s10411063
Expected count ratesCont. unpol:
After mag. Barrier:
Polarized to 98%:
Pulsed:
Pulsed polarized 99.7%
,n.nBB
byx
I 14ββ
1
02
00s s106170
24
21
Tn·Is=1.2104s−1
.
.I.Iz'L'L
L'L
I'I
'I 13ss
22
0
n
ns s105080
91
Tn'Is'=300s−1
.
Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 25
SOURCE OF ERROR COMMENT SIZE OF CORRECT.
SIZE OF ERROR:
non-uniform n-beam for ΔΦ/Φ = 10 % over 1 cm width 2.5·10−4 5·10−5
other edge effects on e/p-window for worst case at max. energy 4·10−4 1·10−4
magn. mirror effect, contin's n-beam 1.4·10−2 2·10−4
magn. mirror effect, pulsed n-beam for ΔB/B = 10 % over 8 m length 5·10−5 <10−5
non-adiabatic e/p-transport 5·10−5 5·10−5
background from n-guide}is separately measurable
2∙10−3 1·10−4
background from n-beam stop 2·10−4 1·10−5
backscattering off e/p-window 2·10−5 1·10−5
backscattering off e/p-beam dump 5∙10−5 1∙10−5
backscatt. off plastic scintillator}for worst case
2∙10−3 4·10−4
~ same with active e/p-beam dump − 1·10−4
neutron polarisation present status 3·10−3 1·10−3
Dubbers, Baessler, Märkisch, Schumann, Soldner, Zimmer, H.A., arXiv 2007
Hartmut Abele, Atominstitut, Wien 26
CASCADE-Project @ University of HD
a GEM-based gasdetector for neutronsSolid converter systemHighly integrated readout electronics
- Accessories:- Electronics.- Gas flow controllers.- 10B coatings.
ElectronsIons
pict
ures
from
Sau
li
The GEM inherently has high rates capability of 10 MHz/cm2
!
10 B-Converter
taken from Sauli et al.: http://www.cern.ch/GDD
Neutrons
CASCADE-U for UCN and VCN Detection
Readout structure
Converter gap
Entrance gap
Kapton Copper
GEM Entrance Window
Transfer gap GEM
Drift electrode
Gas In Gas Out
Boron layer
n n n
CASCADE-U Detection Principle
Adapter to Wilson-flange
Teflon ring
Top-flange
Sidewall-flange
Bottom-flange
Transparency by M. Klein, CASCADE-Detector
Standard-Model-Parameters- Axial vector to Vector coupling
- CKM-Matrix element
- Unitarity test
- Phase
- Weak Magnetismus
other variablesall -p weak cross sections
Number of neutrino flavors
Baryon density in the universe
22
4908 2sec(1 3 )udV
2 2 2 1us us usV V V
A
V
gg
q T-symm. V-A 1ie
2cm38/ 0.67 10 /p E GeV
2.5 0.6N
(3/ .3 0.7)%crit
q 180.06(7)
And beyond:
RHC- Mass W boson
- Mixing Angle
Scalar interactions gs
Tensor interactions gt
Fierz interference b
Neutrino helicity <1
< GeV
-0.20 0.07
< <
2280 /RWm c
Schumann et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 191803 (2007), arXiv:0706.3788.
1. String-Theories & NeutronsGravitation and the question of large extra dimensions
2. CP-Violation & NeutronsAxionsBaryon asymmetry of the universe SUSY
3. P-Violation & NeutronsCorrelation coefficients in neutron beta-decay and
Mixing of quarksSUSY
See review article: The neutron. Its properties and basic interactions,
H.A., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 60 (2008) 1-81
Recommended