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The Axial Skeleton
Consists of _______ bones _______ major regions
o Skullo Vertebral columno Thoracic cage
The Skull
Two sets of bones
______________ bones
Enclose the brain in the cranial cavity Gives attachment sites for head and neck muscles
_______________ bones
Framework of face Contains cavities for the special sense organs of sight, taste, and smell Provides openings for the passage of air and food Secures the teeth Anchors the facial muscles of expression, which we use to show
emotion
Cranial Bones
Occipital bone _______________ bones (2) Frontal bone Temporal bones (2) _______________ bone _______________ bone
Remember: Old P-People From T-Texas Eat Spiders
Parietal Bones and Major Associated Sutures
________________ and ________________ aspects of cranial vault
_________ sutures mark the articulations of parietal bones with frontal, occipital, and temporal bones:
o Coronal suture—between parietal bones and frontal bone o _______________ suture—between right and left parietal bones o _______________ suture—between parietal bones and occipital
bone o Squamous (squamosal) sutures—between parietal and
temporal bones on each side of skull
Occipital Bone
Most of skull’s posterior wall and posterior cranial fossa Contains the foramen magnum “large hole” through which the brain
connects with the __________________________ Articulates at the occipital condyles with 1st vertebra Sites of attachment for the many neck and back muscles
Temporal Bones
Inferolateral aspects of skull and parts of cranial floor Contains the zygomatic process, external acoustic meatus, the styloid
process, and the mastoid process Articulates with the mandible at the _________________
Sphenoid Bone
Complex, ______________________-shaped bone _____________________ bone Articulates with all other cranial bones Three pairs of processes Contains the __________________________ and the hypophyseal fossa that
surround the ________________________ gland
Ethmoid Bone
Deepest skull bone Superior part of nasal septum, roof of nasal cavities Contributes to medial wall of orbits Contains the superior and middle nasal conchae
Contains the crista galli (rooster’s comb) The attachment site for the outermost covering of the brain
Sutural Bones
Tiny irregularly shaped bones that appear within sutures
Facial Bones (14 Total)
Unpaired Bones:
_____________________ _____________________
Paired Bones:
Maxillary bones (2) __________________ bones (2) Nasal bones (2) __________________ bones (2) Palatine bones (2) Inferior nasal Conchae (2)
Remember: Virgil Can Not Make My Pet Zebra Laugh
Mandible
Lower jaw Largest, strongest bone of face Articulates at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ): only freely movable
joint in skull
Maxillary Bones
Medially fused to form upper jaw and central portion of facial skeleton __________________ bone of the facial bones: all facial bones except the
mandible articulate with it
Zygomatic Bones
___________________ Inferolateral margins of orbits Articulates with _______ separate zygomatic processes
o Frontal zygomatic processo Maxillary zygomatic process
o Temporal zygomatic process
Nasal bones
Form bridge of nose Attach to the cartilage that forms most of the skeleton of the nose
Lacrimal bones
In medial walls of orbits Forms part of the canal that drains tears into the nasal cavity
Lacrimation = crying/tear production
Palatine bones
Posterior ____________ of hard palate Posterolateral walls of the nasal cavity Small part of the orbits
Vomer
Plow shaped Lower part of nasal septum
Orbits
Encase eyes and lacrimal glands Sites of attachment for eye muscles Formed by parts of seven bones:
o Frontal boneso Zygomatico _________________ boneso Palatineo _________________o Lacrimalo Maxilla
Remember: Friendly Zebras Speed Past Elderly Lions Mating
Nasal Cavity
Roof, lateral walls, and floor formed by parts of four bones
o Ethmoido Palatine boneso Maxillary boneso Inferior nasal conchae
Nasal septum of bone and hyaline cartilage
Ethmoid Vomer Anterior septal cartilage
Paranasal Sinuses
Mucosa-lined, air-filled spaces ___________________ the skull Enhance _____________________ of voice Found in frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones
Hyoid Bone
Not a bone of the skull Does not _______________________ directly with another bone Site of attachment for muscles of ____________________ and speech
Developmental Aspects of the Skull
At birth, the newborn’s skull not fully developed and sutures have not yet fused
o Allows for head compression during birtho Allows for brain growth in the infant
Unossified regions are covered with fibrous membranes called ____________________________ “little fountains”
Anterior fontanelle is present until _____________ years of age
Homeostatic Imbalances: Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate
Caused by right and left halves of the palate failing to fuse mediallyo Leads to difficulties _____________________o Risk for _______________________ (inhalation) pneumonia
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