1. Frontal bone

2. Parietal bones (paired)

3. Occipital bone

4. Temporal bones (paired)

5. Sphenoid bone

6. Ethmoid bone

CRANIAL BONES (8)

Frontal

Parietal

Temporal

SphenoidEthmoid

Occipital

Sphenoid Sphenoid

TemporalTemporal

F

P

P

O

Occipital

(Petrous portion)

Temporal(Petrous portion)

Sphenoid

EthmoidFrontal

Parietal

Temporal

Sphenoid Sphenoid

Frontal

Middlenasal conchaeof ethmoid

Perpendicularplate of ethmoid

FACIAL BONES (14)

1. Mandible

2. Maxillae (paired)

3. Palatine bones (paired)

4. Zygomatic bones (paired)

5. Lacrimal bones (paired)

6. Nasal bones (paired)

7. Vomer

8. Inferior Nasal Conchae (paired)

Mandible

Maxilla

Lacrimal

Zygomatic

Nasal

Maxilla Maxilla

Mandible

Zygomatic Zygomatic

Nasal bones

Vomer

Inferior nasal conchae

Maxillae (palatine processes)

Palatine bones (form part of the orbit)

Vomer

Orbital process of palatine

bone

CRANIAL/FACIAL BONES

Special Structures

Supraorbital foramen or notch (bilateral)

Mental foramen (bilateral)

Superior orbitalfissure (bilateral)

Inferior orbitalfissure (bilateral)

Infraorbital foramen (bilateral)

Coronal sutureLambdoidal suture

Sagittal suture

AnteriorEnd

Posterior End

Squamosalsuture

Frontal suture

Zygomatic processof the temporalbone

Mandibular fossa(Depression where mandible attachesto the temporal bone)

Mental foramen

Mandibular fossa (bilateral)

Mastoid process (bilateral)

Styloid process

Styloid process

Zygomatic process

of the temporal bone

Squamosal suture

Styloid processMastoid process

External auditorymeatus

Mandibular fossa

Zygomatic bone(facial bone)

Foramen ovale (bilateral)

Foramen rotundum (bilateral)

Foramen lacerum (bilateral)

Optic foramen (bilateral)

Crista galli

Cribiform plate(on both sides, lateral to the Crista galli)

Sella turcica

Foramen spinosum (bilateral)

Foramen magnum

Greater wing(sphenoid) - bilateral

Lesser wing (sphenoid) - bilateral

Jugular foramen(bilateral)

Internal acoustic meatus (bilateral)

Hypoglossal canal (bilateral)

Occipital condyle(bilateral)

External occipital crest

Carotid canal (bilateral)

Stylomastoid foramen (bilateral)

Foramen ovale(bilateral)

Foramen lacerum(bilateral)

Incisive fossa (may be referred to as a foramen)

Carotid canal

Jugular foramen(one opening)

Styloidprocess

Mastoidprocess

Stylomastoid foramen

External occipital protuberance

Coronoid process

Mandibular condyle

Alveolus (tooth socket)

Mandibular symphysis

Mental foramen

Mandibular ramus

Mandibular angle

Mandibular notch

Mandibular foramen (bilateral)

Mandibular condyle

Coronoid process

Mandibular notch

(Posterior side)

(Anterior side)

Superior view

Greater horn

Lesser horn

Body

HYOID BONE

Frontal

Sphenoid

Ethmoid

Maxillary

SINUSES

From Atlas of the Human Skeleton,Hutchinson, Figure 15, page 16.

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

1. Cervical (7 Vertebrae)

Atlas (C1)

Axis (C2)

Vertebra prominens (C7)

2. Thoracic (12 Vertebrae)

3. Lumbar (5 Vertebrae)

4. Sacrum (1 bone; 5 fused parts)

5. Coccyx (1 bone; 3-5 fused parts)

superior viewAtlas (C1)

(Anterior side)

(Posterior side)

Odontoidprocess ordens of axis (C2) would “fit” here(inferior to this placement)

Atlas = “yes” bone

Axis = “no” boneSSuperiorarticularfacets*

*Attach to occipital condyles

Transverseforamen

Vertebral foramen

C2

Posterior

Dens

(c) Superior view of axis (C2)

Inferiorarticularprocess

Body

Superiorarticularfacet

Transverseprocess

Pedicle

Lamina

Spinous process

Figure 7.19c

Typical cervical vertebra superior view

Transverse foramen

Vertebral foramen

Bifid spinous process

Body

Superiorarticularfacet

Inferiorarticularfacet (inferiorside of vertebra)

Spinous process

Transverse process (bilateral)

Costal demifacet for head of rib

Costal demifacet for head of rib

Body

Superior articular process

Inferior articular process

Transverse facet for

tubercle of rib

Typical thoracic vertebra lateral view

Inferior notch(becomesintervertebral foramenwhen vertebrae are “stacked”)

rib

Body

Vertebral foramen

Spinous process

Transverse processLamina

PedicleVertebral arch

Superior articular process

Typical lumbar vertebra superior view

Sacrum posterior view

Superior articular process (facet)

Sacral foramenMedian

sacralcrest

Ala

Sacrum anterior view

Ala*

Coccyx

Body

Sacralforamen

*Alae (plural)

Ala

Sacrum superior view

Body

Coccyx

Superior articular process (facet)

BONY THORAX

1. Sternum

2. Ribs (12 Pairs)

a. Vertebrosternal (true) ribs (1-7)

b. False ribs

1) Vertebrochondral ribs (8-10)

2) Vertebral (“Floating”) ribs (11-12)

Sternum

Manubrium

Jugular notch

Clavicular notch

Sternal angle

Body

Xiphoid process

Xiphisternaljoint

(Posterior end -

Attaches to vertebra)

(Anterior end -

Attaches to sternum)

Head of rib

Tubercle of rib

Neck of rib

Shaft of rib

Costal end

Typical rib superior view

Typical rib inferior view

Costal groove

Head of rib

Tubercle of rib

Neck of rib

Angle of rib