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Fundamentalresearch
Pullman
Applied research
Spokane
50+ Year Legacy of Innovation and Excellencein Physics at Washington State University
George Duvall, Ph.DProfessor of Physics
(1964-1988)
William Band, Ph.D.Professor of Physics
(1949 – 1971) 2011 APS, Shock Compression Science Award
Donald R. Curran, Ph.D.WSU Class of 1960
James Johnson, Ph.D.WSU Class of 1966
Sandia National Laboratories
Why do shock wave research?
Central Pressure: 3.6 MbarCentral Temperature: 6000° K
Rocky Silicate Mantle
Iron/NickelCore
Basis: Afghanistan, size L, non-leader
Army combat helmet = 6.5 lbs Ruck (basic weight) = 8 lbs
Body armor = 33.2 lbs
Power sources (batteries) = 16 lbs
Radio (leader only) = 4.5 lbs
Night vision goggles = 1.4 lbs
Other = 9 lbs
Rations (3 day mission) = 19.5 lbs Weapon + ammo = 31.8 lbs
Goal: Lighten Body Armor
Dr. James Zheng, U.S. Army
Soldier Load = 95 lbs
Gordon Johnson,SwRI
Hard Armor Dynamic Response
300 µs
Courtesy of Hans Broos, TNO, Netherlands (through Dr. James Zheng, U.S. Army)
500 µs 750 µs 1000 µs
What is shock wave research?
Key Features of Shock Waves
We do experiments at VERY high pressures:10,000 – 2,500,000 atmospheres
Extreme Pressures Extreme Timescales
Picosecond (ps) one trillionth of a secondNanosecond (ns) one billionth of a second Microsecond (μs) one millionth of a second
Extreme Velocities
• Bullet (.22 Long Rifle): 320 m/s (715 mph)
• Sound: 343 m/s (767 mph)
• ISP Launchers: Up to 6 km/s (~13,000 mph)
• Space Shuttle: 8 km/s (~18,000 mph)
Major Research Facilities
Impact Laboratory
Laser Shock Laboratory
Pulsed Power Facility
Static High Pressure Laboratory
Materials We Study
Quartz
Sapphire
Ruby
Aluminum Bulk Amorphous AlloysWater
Benzene
Carrara Marble
Diamond
SiliconMolybdenum
Tantalum
Copper
Granite
Fundamental Research:How quickly does water freeze?
Daniel Dolan, Ph.D. 2003Now at Sandia National Laboratories
Experimental Configuration
Water sample
Windows
Light
Point of view
Impactor Target
-170 230 330 530630 730 830 9301030 1130 1330 1430
t(ns)=
after shock arrival
Albuquerque
Spokane
PullmanSeattle
Los Alamos
Livermore
Chicago
Boston
Washington D.C.
Partnerships
Sandia National Laboratories
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Advanced Photon SourceArgonne National Laboratory
Army Research
Laboratory
MIT
BoeingAvista, Itron, ReliOn
SRI InternationalMinneapolis
SwRIHoughton
Michigan Tech Univ
Princeton
Princeton University
Menlo Park
ASL: Linking Academia & Industry
• Curiosity driven
• Educational excellence
• Emphasis on learning
• Focus on R
• Publications
Academia Industry• Customer driven
• Market timelines
• Emphasis on product
• Focus on D
• Sales
Applied Sciences Laboratory
A Multidisciplinary Contract Research Organization
“The asset with the greatest leverage in the knowledge economy is the
modern research university.”- Paul Grogan, President of the Boston Foundation
ASL: Intellectual Shopping Center
Problem Solving & Tech Transfer
Energy National Security
Advanced Materials &
Sensors
Research for Companies
Material Sciences & Chemistry
Optical Physics
Modeling & Simulations
Transforming research innovationsinto practical solutions
Icing and Corrosion PreventionSantanu Chaudhuri
Mg matrixPit
Stagnant electrolyte
IED Detection and Biological Agent Neutralization
NON2
Heating
LuminescentNot luminescent
Hergen Eilers
Albuquerque
Spokane
PullmanSeattle
Los Alamos
Livermore
Chicago
Boston
Washington D.C.
Partnerships
Sandia National Laboratories
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Advanced Photon SourceArgonne National Laboratory
Army Research
Laboratory
MIT
BoeingAvista, Itron, ReliOn
SRI InternationalMinneapolis
SwRIHoughton
Michigan Tech Univ
Princeton
Princeton University
Menlo Park
Advanced Photon SourceChicago, IL
A New Paradigm for Shock Wave Research
DC-CAT:Dynamic Compression – Collaborative Access Team
Washington State University
DOE/NNSA National Laboratories(Livermore, Los Alamos, Sandia)
Carnegie Institution for Science
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Army Research Laboratory
Harvard University
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Atomic Weapons Establishment, U.K.
Kumamoto Univ., Tohoku Univ., Nat’l Inst. for Mat. Science, Japan
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Indian Inst. of Science, India
Hanyang University, Korea
New sector dedicated to shock wave measurements
Albuquerque
Spokane
PullmanSeattle
Los Alamos
Livermore
Chicago
Boston
Washington D.C.
Partnerships
Sandia National Laboratories
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Advanced Photon SourceArgonne National Laboratory
Army Research
Laboratory
MIT
BoeingAvista, Itron, ReliOn
SRI InternationalMinneapolis
SwRIHoughton
Michigan Tech Univ
Princeton
Princeton University
Menlo Park
Time Magazine, November 15, 2010
Which scientific discovery or advance would you like to see in your lifetime?
“I would like nuclear fusion to become a practical power source.It would provide an inexhaustible supply of energy, without pollutionor global warming.”
Stephen Hawking’s Wish
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
1. Take a 2 mm hollow, spherical plastic capsule.
2. Fill it with 150 micrograms of a mixture of deuterium and tritium.
3. Take a laser that for about 20 billionths of a second can generate 500 trillion watts.
4. Focus all that laser power onto the surface of the capsule.
5. Wait 10 billionths of a second.
Result: One miniature
star
Recipe for a Small Star
Collins, LLNL
3Collins, LLNL
Collins, LLNL
Inertial Fusion Energy
Pressure ~ 2,000,000 Mbar
Success in the 21st Century
Role of a University?
Washington State UniversityPullman
Meeting the 21st Century Challenges
• Emphasis on scientific curiosity and risk taking• Integrate innovation, education, and national interests• Applied research and meaningful partnerships
Never be satisfied.Be the change.
“If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants”
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants, Ed. N.J.W. Thrower, University of California Press, 1990
• DOE/NNSA and Washington State University
• Sheila Heyns (WSU), Gilbert Collins (Livermore Lab.), Gordon Johnson (SwRI, Minneapolis), Dr. James Zheng (U.S. Army)
• Many dedicated individuals have worked with me over the years
• The support of my family, friends, and colleagues over the past 40 years is sincerely appreciated
AcknowledgementsThis lecture and the work presented today is truly a teameffort and I am extremely grateful to the following:
- Isaac Newton, in a letter to Robert Hooke, February 5, 1676
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