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Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 1
Green HomeEnergy Upgrades
Efficiency
Comfort
&
Health
Durability
PG&E is a Registered Provider with the American Institute of Architects (AIA)
Continuing Education Systems (CES). Credit earned on completion of this
program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members who provide their
membership number. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are
available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that my be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Introduction to Home
Performance
2California Building Performance Contractors Association
Disclaimer
The information in this document is believed to accurately describe the technologies
addressed herein and are meant to clarify and illustrate typical situations, which must
be appropriately adapted to individual circumstances. These materials were prepared to
be used in conjunction with a free educational program and are not intended to provide
legal advice or establish legal standards of reasonable behavior. Neither Pacific Gas &
Electric (PG&E) nor any of its employees and agents: (1) makes any written or oral
warranty, expressed or implied, including but not limited to the merchantability or
fitness for a particular purpose; (2) assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the
accuracy or completeness of any information, apparatus, product, process, method, or
policy contained herein; or (3) represents that its use would not infringe any privately
owned rights, including but not limited to patents, trademarks or copyrights.
Furthermore, the information, statements, representations, graphs and data presented in
this report are provided by PG&E as a service to our customers. PG&E does not
endorse products or manufacturers. Mention of any particular product or manufacturer
in this course material should not be construed as an implied endorsement.
Introduction to Home
Performance
3California Building Performance Contractors Association
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 4
Who is in the room:Who is in the room:Who is in the room:Who is in the room:
1. General Contractor?
2. HVAC Contractor?
3. Insulation Contractor?
4. Raters (Green Point, LEED, HERS,…?
5. Who did we miss?
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 5
Class Ground Rules:Class Ground Rules:Class Ground Rules:Class Ground Rules:
� Ask questions as they come up
� Important to call “B.S.”
� Limit all class discussion to Facts/Research/Test Results/Science not Beliefs/Opinions/Marketing/or what the Salesman told you
� Bring a calculator to class
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 6
Class Materials:Class Materials:Class Materials:Class Materials:
� Book – Residential Energy
� Daily home work assignments
� Binder – room for lots of notes and Ah Ha’s in the margins
� GHEU Pre-Test
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 7
Class Organization:Class Organization:Class Organization:Class Organization:
Level 1 - 3 Days in the Classroom
Level 2 - 2 Days in the Lab
1 Day in the Classroom
Level 3 - 2 ½ Days in the Classroom (review)
BPI Certification starts at 1:00
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 8
Class Schedule:Class Schedule:Class Schedule:Class Schedule:
� Morning and afternoon 15 minute breaks
� Get-up and move if you would like to
� Information is cumulative – it’s important not to miss a day (if you want to pass the BPI Certification)
� There is homework (never collected)
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 9
Building Performance
Test Equipment is Driving
Industry Changes
1. Test equipment started to become available in 1985.
2. Now (2 decades later) we have the ability to evaluate the true installed performance of all residential energy features.
3. As we evaluate each energy feature - large opportunities for improvement are found in every category.
4. The state energy code (Title-24) is requiring more performance testing to capture these opportunities.
5. Someday – everything will be performance tested.
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 10
Where is the
Opportunity?
� Virtually every existing house has significant opportunity for improvement.
� Opportunities exist in; new homes, Energy Star Homes, Utility Program Homes, etc.
� Our industry is still building homes (over 100,000 per year) that need retrofit.
� We can learn from looking at new construction.
� We need to view every house with x-ray vision.
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 11
State of Our Industry (Opportunity for Us)
� Duct Leakage
� Impacts; Energy Efficiency, Health & Safety, Durability and Comfort
� Fixing Duct Leakage Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 30% (more on gross problem houses)
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 12
State of Our Industry (Opportunity for Us)
� Duct Conduction
� Impacts; Energy Efficiency, Durability and Comfort
� Fixing Duct Conduction Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 20% (more on gross problem houses)
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 13
State of Our Industry (Opportunity for Us)
� Air Infiltration
� Impacts; Energy Efficiency, Health & Safety, Durability and Comfort
� Fixing Air Infiltration By Reducing Leakage Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 28%
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 14
State of Our Industry (Opportunity for Us)
� Building Pressures
� Impacts; Energy Efficiency, Health & Safety, Durability and Comfort
� Air Balancing A Building Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 10% (more on gross problem houses)
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 15
State of Our Industry (Opportunity for Us)
� Framing Factor (% of wood in walls)
� Impacts; Energy Efficiency, Environmental and Comfort
� Reducing the Amount of Wood in Exterior Walls Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 12%
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 16
State of Our Industry (Opportunity for Us)
� Solar Gain
� Impacts; Energy Efficiency and Comfort
� Reducing Solar Gain Through Windows Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 30%
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 17
State of Our Industry (Opportunity for Us)
� Insulation � Impacts; Energy Efficiency, Health & Safety, Durability and Comfort
� Increasing Insulation Levels Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 30% (More on Gross Problem Houses) And If Insulation Is Absent a Factor of 90% Is Possible
� Improperly Installed Insulation Often Performs at Close to 0% Of Its Rated Capacity
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 18
State of Our Industry (Opportunity for Us)
� Room Air Delivery- Velocity, Direction, Volume
� Impacts; Comfort, Energy Efficiency, Health & Safety and Durability
� Delivering the Correct Volume of Air to Each Room at the Right Velocity and Location Can Improve Potential Performance 10% (More on Gross Problem Houses)
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 19
State of Our Industry (Opportunity for Us)
� Air Flow Across The Evaporator Coil
� Impacts; Energy Efficiency, Health & Safety and Comfort
� Assuring Nominal Air Flow Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 13% (more on gross problem houses)
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 20
State of Our Industry (Opportunity for Us)
� Refrigerant Charge
� Impacts; Durability, Energy Efficiency, and Comfort
� Correcting Charge Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 22% (more on gross problem houses)
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 21
State of Our Industry (Opportunity for Us)
� Moisture Management
� Impacts; Health & Safety, Durability and Comfort
� Managing Gross Water and Vapor Transmission Is a Requirement for Acceptable Levels of Comfort, Health and Safety and Building Durability
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 22
State of Our Industry (Opportunity for Us)
� Lighting
� Impacts; Energy Efficiency and Comfort
� Changing Out Incandescent for Compact Florescent Lights Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 75% (For Those Exchanged)
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 23
State of Our Industry (Opportunity for Us)
� Plug Load and Appliances
� Impacts; Energy Efficiency
� Changing Appliances Like a Refrigerator Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 50%. All Appliances and Plug in Devices Should Be Surveyed for Their Potential Retrofit Savings.
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Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 26
In General – Research Has Shown That These Items Tend
Not to Be Cost Effective;
Ceiling Fans, Whole House Fans, Geothermal Heat Pumps, Solar Electric (PV), Solar Hot Water, Solar Space Heating, Attic Exhaust Fans, Radiant Barriers, Radiant Floor Heating, Shading the Condensing Unit, 2-stage Furnaces, Duct System Zoning, High Efficiency Equipment, Tankless Water Heaters, Spray Foam Insulation, etc.
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 27
U.S. Energy Flow Trends – 2002Net Primary Resource Consumption ~97 Quads
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 28
How Much Electricity
Does A New Homes Use?
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 29
How Much Natural Gas
Does A New Homes Use?
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 30
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
East
West
North
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Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 31
Opportunity For Savings
� It’s Common To Average 40% To 70% Energy Savings on Retrofit Projects.
� When Done Correctly; Comfort, IAQ, Durability and Health & Safety Issues Are Also Taken Into Account With the Savings
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Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 32
California – Integrated
Energy Policy
� New Homes Shall Be Net-Zero-Energy By 2020 (inspired by the 2030 Challenge from Ed Mazria)
� HVAC Industry Shall Be “Revitalized”
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 33
Meeting the California
2020 Goals
First – Real Home Performance (not “Home Performance Lite”)
Then – Clean Onsite Generation (PV) but at ¼ of the size and cost
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 34
Redding, CaliforniaShowcase Home – Case Study
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 35
Redding, CaliforniaShowcase Home
Bill guaranteed at $76.00 per year
for air conditioning,
$241.00 per year for heating,
$317.00 per year total, $0.09/sq.ft.-
year, 3,500 square foot home
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 36
Redding, California Showcase HomePerformance Monitored By
DOE Building America Program
� High-end custom home (Realtor’s Showcase of Homes)
� Conventional architecture
� Conventional framing
� Conventional insulation (batts in walls, loosefill in attic)
� Conventional HVAC system (ducts in the attic)
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 37
Chitwood
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Sep 01 Sep 02 Sep 03 Sep 04 Sep 05 Sep 06 Sep 07
Date
Tem
per
atu
re (
deg
F)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Pow
er (
kW
)
TAI TAO EAC
Temperatures
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 38
Redding, California Showcase HomePerformance Monitored By
DOE Building America Program
� Actual cooling costs reduced 81% (83% compressor, 68% fan, report page 10)
� Actual heating costs 49% reduction in gas usage, 65% fan energy reduction (report page 10)
� Cost of energy improvements were 0.4% of home cost, or $5,139.00 (see report page 11)
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 39
Redding, California Showcase HomePerformance Monitored By
DOE Building America Program
� Air conditioner size 2 tons (1,760 square feet per ton, one quarter of typical)
� 60% better performance than the geothermal heat pump next door
� Building America’s best computer model DOE-2 was not able to predict the heating and cooling savings –under predicting actual savings by 43% and 46%
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 40
Sacramento, CaliforniaSMUD Advantage Home
Case Study
� First year of occupancy after full home performance retrofit.
� 1988 home, retrofitted 9 years later.
� Built to Utility Program Standards
� Already had high performance windows (low-e2)
� 2800 square foot, slab on grade, two stories
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 41
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Septe
mbe
rO
ctob
erN
ovem
ber
Dec
embe
rJa
nuar
yFeb
ruar
y
Mar
ch
April
June July
Augus
t
Th
erm
s
Before
After
Natural Gas Savings
Total therm savings: 42%
Heating therm savings: 49%
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 42
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
Sep
tem
ber
Oct
ober
Nove
mbe
rD
ecem
ber
Janu
aryFeb
ruar
y
Mar
ch
Apr
il
May
June
July
Aug
ust
kW
h
Before
(4 yr avg)
After
Electric Savings
Total kWh savings since retrofit: 59%*
Air Conditioning kWh savings: 72%*
*Despite 10-20% energy penalty of pre-cooling testing in summer of 2007—future savings will be greater.
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 43
Average Monthly Energy Costs: $98
Total Bill Savings:
52%
$1,260/year(despite rate increases)
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 44
Who Do Home Owners Call When They Have $700.00/month Utility Bills and Aren’t Comfortable?
� HVAC subcontractor
� Insulation subcontractor
� The Utility
� Window salesman
� HERS rater
� Air Infiltration subcontractor
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 45
Or…
� Architect
� Engineer
� Building inspector
� IAQ/Mold company
� Green Builder/Remodeler
� Industrial Hygienist
� Landscape Architect
� Landscaper
� Sprinkler contractor
� Home Inspector
� Termite Inspector
� Realtor
� Painter
� Ceiling Fan installer
� Crawlspace Treatment Contractor
� General Contractor
� Duct Cleaner
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 46
OrOrOrOr…………
A Home Performance Contractor:A Home Performance Contractor:A Home Performance Contractor:A Home Performance Contractor:
Can use test equipment:
� to identify and quantify the opportunity in all categories
� to solve comfort complaints
� to guide the work
� to assure the work performs well
� to ensure building is healthy and safe
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 47
Customer Benefits
1. Comfort
2. Energy Efficiency
3. Durability
4. Health & Safety
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 48
Goals to Attain“Affordable Comfort”
Don’t be distracted by “pointless intermediate stupid steps” (they are just tools)…Energy Star Home certification…HERS Rating…LEED Certification/other Green Rating systems…A home performance analysis (test-in)…Air Infiltration Testing…Duct Leakage Testing…Contractor Licensing and Certification
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Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 49
Goals to Attain - “Comfort”
� An Indoor Environment That Is Imperceptible
� Temperature Is Even and Not Too Hot or Too Cold
� Humidity Level Is Not Too High or Too Low (Around 40%)
� No Drafts Are Felt by Occupants
� No Particulate Matter in Living Space Air
� Equipment Noise Is Nonexistent
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Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 50
Goals To Attain continued
� A Cost-Effective Balance Between:� First Costs (low bid)
� Energy Operating Costs
� Comfort
� System and Structure Durability
� Ease of Equipment Maintenance
� Noise Levels
� Indoor Air Quality
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Performance
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Goals To Attain continued
� Meet Objectives For:
� Profitability
� Growth
� Risk Management
� Workforce Development
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 52
Pop Quiz
Changing a SEER 10 condenser to a SEER 14 condenser reduces the utility bill:
A. 40%
B. It Depends
C. 28%
D. 4%
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 53
Pop Quiz
A residential ceiling fan:A. Helps cool your homeB. Is a 100% efficient electric heaterC. Pushes dust and dirt into carpetsD. Causes a black streak at the edge of the carpet
Introduction to Home
Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 54
Pop Quiz
The relative humidity in a single room in a home can vary:
A. Only about 9% since water vapor diffuses quickly
B. As much as 90% since the temperature in a room
varies so much
C. Always less than 50%
D. Always more than 50%
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Performance
California Building Performance Contractors Association 55
Pop Quiz
Which heating system causes air in a home to be too dry?
A. A woodstoveB. A forced air gas furnaceC. An electric resistance baseboard heaterD. None of the above – because no heating system creates or destroys water molecules
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