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Graphite with AFM showing all atoms within the hexagonal graphite unit cells. Image size 2×2 nm2. STM image (7 nm x 7 nm) of a single zigzag chain of cesium atoms (red) on a gallium-arsenside surface (blue) Photo courtesy National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST. 77 pm resolution. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Graphite with AFM showing all atoms within the hexagonal graphite unit cells.
Image size 2×2 nm2. 77 pm resolution. Subatomic structures are visible within single tungsten atoms.Image size 500 × 500 pm2
STM image (7 nm x 7 nm) of a single zigzag chain of cesium atoms (red) on a gallium-arsenside surface (blue)Photo courtesy National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST
Using Mass to Count Things
• Atoms are so tiny it is impossible to count number of atoms in even 1 gram of matter
• We use massmass to “count” atoms
Counting by mass
• a pile of nails weighs 1227 g
• one nail has mass of 0.450 grams
• How many nails are in pile?
1227g_____ = 2726.6 nails 0.450 g per nail
What is a mole?
No, not this kind of mole!
The MOLE
• Unit used to “count” numbers of atoms– Count-by-mass technique
• Defined as # of atoms in 12.0 grams of C-12 – This is the STANDARD!
• 12.0 g of C-12 has 6.0221415 X 1023 atoms
Just how big is a mole?
Mole movie
The MOLE
• 1 mole of any element has 6.02 X 1023 particles
• This is a really big number – It’s so big because atoms are really small!
6.02 X 1023 = Avogadro’s Number
• One mole of water = 6.02 X 1023 water molecules
• One mole of gorillas = 6.02 X 1023 gorillas
• One mole of He atoms = 6.02 X 1023 He atoms
• One mole of anything = 6.02 X 1023 of that thing
Similar Words
• PairPair: 1 pair shoelaces = 2 shoelaces
• DozenDozen: 1 dozen oranges = 12 oranges
• GrossGross: 1 gross spider rings = 144 rings
• ReamReam: 1 ream paper = 500 sheets of paper
• MoleMole: 1 mole Na atoms
= 6.02 X 1023 Na atoms
Equalities
• 1 mole of C-12
=
• 12.0 grams of C-12
=
• 6.02 X 1023 atoms of C-12
• 0.5 mole of C-12
=
• 6.0 grams of C-12
=
• 3.01 X 1023 atoms of C-12
Equalities
• 1 mole of C-12
=
• 12.0 grams of C-12
=
• 6.02 X 1023 atoms of C-12
• 0.25 mole of C-12
=
• 3.0 grams of C-12
=
• 1.50 X 1023 atoms of C-12
Equalities
• 1 mole of C-12
=
• 12.0 grams of C-12 =
• 6.02 X 1023 atoms of C-12
• 2 moles of C-12
=
• 24.0 grams of C-12
=
• 12.04 X 1023 atoms of C-12 = 1.204 X 1024 atoms of C-12
How does this help with other elements?How does this help with other elements?
Molar mass for any element:
• molar mass of any element:– take atomic mass and replace amu with grams
• 1 mole Ne = 20.179 g = 6.02 X 1023 atoms
• 1 mole Ar = 39.948 g = 6.02 X 1023 atoms
• 1 mole Kr = 83.80 g = 6.02 X 1023 atoms
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