Grammar Notes

Grammar Notes

Unit 4 Week 6

Please take out your notes for your studies in Grammar …

Grammar Notes Week 6

Parts of Speech NounsVerbsVerbals

REVIEW

Personal Pronouns Antecedent

Personal pronouns stand in for nouns. They’re like stuntmen. When nouns feel overworked, they call for pronouns—words like he, it, she, we they, and so on.

The noun to which the pronoun refers is called the antecedent.

Pronouns !!!

Squiggly was late. He forgot to set the alarm.

The tree fell because it had been attacked by bugs.

Grammar girl is happy because she remembered to bring an eraser.

Pronouns are VITAL~~~~~~~~~

Pronouns are vital. Try not using one for an hour, and you’ll see. I use them constantly as you can tell by these sentences.

Because pronouns come in different shapes and are used for different reasons some official grammar language is necessary. Ready?????

-----” We will speak on this further” (Macbeth I.6)

Grammar Matters ------

Please take out your notes for your studies in Grammar …

Grammar Notes Week 6

Parts of Speech NounsVerbsVerbalsPronouns

Pronouns stand in for nouns, their antecedents.

REVIEW

Pronouns are VITAL~~~~~~~~~

Pronouns are vital. Try not using one for an hour, and you’ll see. I use them constantly as you can tell by these sentences.

Because pronouns come in different shapes and are used for different reasons some official grammar language is necessary. Ready?????

Pronouns are bunched together in three cases. (I do not know why the word “case” is used. Categories would work just as well, but officially they are called cases. Think of each case like a suitcase; it packs all the similar pronouns together.

Pronouns and Their Cases

Pronouns in Their SuitcasesPERSON SUBJUNCTIVE

CASEOBJECTIVE CASE

POSSESSIVE CASE (weak/strong)

1ST PERSON I Me My/Mine

2ND PERSON You You You/Yours

3RD PERSON - female

She Her Her/Hers

3RD PERSON - male

He Him His/His

3RD PERSON - neutral

It It Its/Its

1ST PERSON (plural)

We Us Our/Ours

2ND PERSON(plural)

You You Your/Yours

3RD PERSON(plural)

They Them Their/Theirs

INTERROGATIVE

Who Whom Whose

The doer of the action; the one who acts

Subjunctive Case

She ate fifty hot dogs.

(She did the eating, so she’s taking the action.)

The receiver of the action; the one who sits back and lets it all happen to her (or him).

Objective Case

The judge gave her the prize.

(Her received the prize and is the receiver of the action.)

Shows ownership

Possessive Case

Her dog threw up on my shoes.

(Her indicates the dog belongs to a previously mentioned female.)

Grammar Matters ------

Please take out your notes for your studies in Grammar …

Grammar Notes Week 6

NOUNSVERBSVERBALS

PRONOUNS

REVIEW

Subjunctive

Objective

Possessive

Pronouns in Their SuitcasesPERSON SUBJUNCTIVE

CASEOBJECTIVE CASE

POSSESSIVE CASE (weak/strong)

1ST PERSON I Me My/Mine

2ND PERSON You You You/Yours

3RD PERSON - female

She Her Her/Hers

3RD PERSON - male

He Him His/His

3RD PERSON - neutral

It It Its/Its

1ST PERSON (plural)

We Us Our/Ours

2ND PERSON(plural)

You You Your/Yours

3RD PERSON(plural)

They Them Their/Theirs

INTERROGATIVE

Who Whom Whose

Second Person

Third Limited

Point of View

Third Omniscient

First Person

Point of ViewFirst Person

Tells the story from the point of view of the person who is talking. You’re being told the story by one person, and you’re in that person’s mind.

I often wonder what my dog is thinking.

Second Person

Point of View

Directs the text to you, the reader. It’s usually used in nonfiction, such as these notes.

Try not using a pronoun for an hour. See if you can.

Third Person

Third Limited

Point of View

Third Omniscient

Observes the story from the outside. The narrator can let you know what is happening in different people’s thoughts and can follow different characters (omniscient) or just one character (limited).

Sarah hates cats, so she was surprised to find one in her room.

NOTE:Author’s write novels in first person or in third – they RARELY use second ;) .

Grammar Matters ------

Please take out your notes for your studies in Grammar …

Grammar Notes Week 6

I I …

is always and only a subject pronoun.

you …can stand in

for a subject or an object!!!

me … is always

and only a object pronoun.

you me

I threw the beach

ball.

You threw the beach ball.

Squiggly threw me.

Squiggly threw you.

NOTE

You also fills in for one person or many people (i.e., it’s a singular and a plural pronoun). I say “You should go to Disneyland,” I could be talking to one person or to a group of people. You should be standing in for Squiggly alone, or Squiggle, Aardvark and their families.

Grammar Matters ------