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French Grammar Revision Notes

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1. Start with the verb stem

2. Take the nous  form of the present tense and

remove – ons (être becomes êt-)

3.Add imperfect ending

Je -ais

Tu -ais

Il/Elle/On -ait

Nous -ions

Vous -iez

Ils/Elles/ -aient

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1.Use the FUTURE stem of the verb

2. Add the IMPERFECT ending

J‟aimeraisTu aimerais

Il / Elle / On aimerait  

Example – aimer (would like):

Nous aimerionsVous aimeriez

Ils / Elles aimeraient  

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Regarder (To watch)  Je regarde

Tu regardesIl/Elle/On regarde

Nous regardonsVous regardez

Ils/Elles regardent

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Finir (To finish)  Je finis

Tu finisIl/Elle/On finit

Nous finissonsVous finissez

Ils/Elles finissent

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vendre (To sell)  Je vends

Tu vendsIl/Elle/On vend 

Nous vendonsVous vendez

Ils/Elles vendent

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1.Use the PRESENT tense of AVOIR

2. Add the PAST PARTICIPLE 

-er verbs ... Manger Mangé 

-ir verbs ... Finir Fini 

-re verbs ... Attendre Attendu 

Past Participles

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1. Use the infinitive form of verb (-re removes –e)

e.g. Pendre  je prendrai  

2.Add future ending

Je finirai Tu finiras 

Il / Elle / On finirons 

Future Endings (finir) 

Nous finirons Vous finirez 

Ils / Elles finiront 

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Used to convey the idea of what someone had done  

1.Use the IMPERFECT of AVOIR or ÊTRE 

2.Add the PAST PARTICIPLE 

3 Basic Forms:M. Mermet avait payé très cher un repas médiocre

(M. Mermet had paid  a lot for an ordinary meal)  

Michel était allé dans un fast-food à midi (Michel had been  to a fast-food restaurant at lunch-time)

Le garçon s’était trompé en faisant l‟addition 

(The waiter had made  a mistake with the bill)

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Par exemple:

Les autoroutes sont gérées par un société privée

The motorways are run by a private company

The passive is made up of:

1. Être in the relevant tense (or infinitive)  

2. Add the Past Participle3. The Past Participle has to agree with the

subject.

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The pronoun y means there  and is used to replace

expression containing à + place or en + country

E.g. Tu vas au travail en auto

J‟y vais en métroThe pronoun en means some or it/of them and is

used to replace expression containing du, de la, de

l’, des or de

E.g. Tu as trouvé du travail facilement?

Non, j‟en ai cherché pendant près d‟un mois. 

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Whether you use des or de depends on the position

of the adjective.

If the adjective comes after the noun – we use des

If the adjective comes before the noun – we use de

Par exemple:

Sur la côte Atlantique, il y a des plages magnifiques

Sur la côte Atlantique, il y a de belles plages

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There are 4 forms of the adjective tout meaning all

or every:  tout les temps

all the time

toute la journée

the whole day

tous les soirs

every evening

toutes les semaines

every week

Masc. Plural

spelling - tous 

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Masculine Feminine Masc. & Fem.Plural

My Mon Ma Mes

Your Ton Ta Tes

His/Her/Its/Ones

Son Sa Ses

Our Notre Notre Nos

Your Votre Votre VosTheir Leur Leur Leurs

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Français English

me me and to me

te you  and to you

nous us and to us

vous you and to you

Français English

Lui To him / to her 

Leur To them 

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Le mien – mine

Le tien – yours

Le sien – his/hers

Masculine Singular – Le mien

Feminine Singular – La mienne

Masculine Plural – Les miens

Feminine Plural – Les miennes 

Le nôtre – ours

Le leur - theirs

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In the feminine:-er  becomes –ère

-f becomes – ve

-eux becomes -euse

-et becomes -ète

Masculine Singular – grand

Feminine Singular – grande

Masculine Plural – grands

Feminine Plural –grandes 

M. Sing. – Il est gros

M. Sing. – Il est heureux

M. Pl. – Ils sont gros

M. Pl. – Ils sont heureux

Adjectives ending in –s and –x are the same in the masculine

singular and plural

In the masculine:-al becomes -aux

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The form cet is used only with masculine words which beginwith a vowel or „h‟, in order to avoid the sound gap that

would be caused by ce.

Ce + Appartement Cet Appartement

To translate this/that  use ce, cet, cette, and for

these/those use ces.

Le  Ce

La  Cette

Les  Ces

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Direct Speech – The person‟s actual words 

Indirect Speech – A Reporting of the person‟s

actual words (i.e. The person said ...)  Par exemple

Direct Speech – “J‟ai mangé un meilleur repas à la

cantine à midi.” 

Indirect Speech – Michel a dit qu‟il avait mangé un

meilleur repas à midi.

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Note the word order when words such as si, plus and moins are added:

Quelque chose de plus/moins cher – Something more/less expensive

Rien de si intressant – Nothing so interesting  

The masculine singular form of the adjective is used after

the de

Quelque chose de différent. – Something different

Quelqu‟un de sympathique – Something nice

Rien de spécial – Nothing special

Personne d‟autre – Nobody else  

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There are two ways of saying such  – tel or si.Tel (telle/tels/telles) – is used with a noun and has

to agree.

Si – is used if the phrase already includes an

adjective with a noun 

Par exemple

Je n‟ai jamais mangé un tel repas! – I‟ve never eaten such a meal  

Je n‟ai jamais mangé un repas si copieux! – I‟ve never each such a

big meal  

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-é -eau

-acle -age-ège -ème-isme -asme

Nouns ending in a consonant

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-ée -ère -euse -ade

-ace -ance/-anse -ence/-ense -ie -ise

-oire -ité -té -tié -itude 

-tion -sion -aison -ison

Nouns ending in a silent –e following two consonants

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Singular Plural

Masculine Feminine Masc /Fem

The Le / L‟   La / L‟   Les

A / An Un Une Des

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Plus + adjective/

adverb + que  … Moins  + adjective/

adverb + que  … Aussi + adjective/

adverb + que … 

More … than … 

Less … than … 

As … as … 

To compare things, use plus, moins or aussi  

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1. Add – ment  to the masculine singular adjective if

it ends with a vowel.

Vrai vraiment

2. Add – ment  to the feminine singular adjective if it

ends with a consonant.

Normal normale normalement  

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GOOD

Bon / Bonne

Bons / Bonnes

WELL

Bien

BAD

Mauvais / Mauvaise

Mauvais / Mauvaises

BADLY

Mal

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Il s‟agit de ...Je suis surpris de ...

Je suis choqué par lefait que ...

J‟admets que ...

Cependant/Pourtant

N‟oublions pas que ...

It‟s about ...I am surprised by ...

I am shocked by thefact that ...

I admit that ...

However

Let‟s not forget that

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A mon avis ...

Je pense que ...

Je trouve que ...

Selon moi ...

Je crois que ...

Quant à moi ...

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Mais

Cependant

Partant

Néamoins

Parce que ...Car

Puis que ... (since)

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FRACTIONSLa moitié – The half

Un tiers – A third

Un quart – A Quarter

Les trois-quarts – 

3

/4

PERCENTAGESSoixante – Dix pour cent – 70%

RATIOSUn sur dix – 1 in 10

Un jeune sur cinq – 1 young person in 5

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Où?Quand?

Comment?Pourquoi?

Qui?

Combien?

Qu‟est-ce que c‟est? 

Where?When?

How?Why?

Who?

How Much/Many?

What‟s that? 

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Je m‟intéresse à … Je ma passionne pour..

Je n‟aime pas de tout.. J‟ai horreur de … 

Je suis d‟accord …

Je suis totalement

pour/contre

I am interested in...I am passionate for...

I don‟t like at all... I hate, loathe ...

I agree ...

I am totally

for/against

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Ne … pas 

Ne … jamais 

Ne … plus 

Ne … rien 

Ne … ni … ni 

Ne … que 

Not

Never

No Longer

Nothing

Neither ... nor

Only

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Formation:1. Take the present tense „ils‟ form of the

verb

2. Add these endings:Je – eTu – es

Il/elle – eNous – ionsVous – iez

Ils/elles - ent

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There are many irregular verbs in thesubjunctive:•Aller•Avoir•Etre•Faire•Mourir•Pouvoir•Prendre•Savoir•Vouloir•

Venir

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Formation:

J‟aille 

Tu ailles

Il/elle aille

Nous allions

Vous alliez

Ils/elles aillent

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Formation:

J‟aie 

Tu aies

Il/elle aie

Nous ayons

Vous ayez

Ils/ellesaient

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Formation:

Je sois

Tu sois

Il/elle soit

Nous soyons

Vous soyez

Ils/elles soient

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Formation:

Je fasse

Tu fasses

Il/elle fasse

Nous fassions

Vous fassiez

Ils/elles fassent

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Formation:

Je meure

Tu meures

Il/elle meure

Nous mourions

Vous mouriez

Ils/elles meurent

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Formation:

Je puisse

Tu puisses

Il/elle puisse

Nous puissions

Vous puissiez

Ils/elles puissent

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 Formation:

Je prenne Nous prenions

Tu prennes Vous preniez

Il prenne Ils/elles prennent

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Formation:

Je sache Nous sachions

Tu saches Vous sachiez

Il/elle sache Ils/elles sachent

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Formation:

Je vienne Nous venions

Tu viennes Vous veniez

Il/elle vienne Ils/elles viennent

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 Formation:

Je veuille Nous voulions

Tu veuilles Vous vouliez

Il/elle veuille Ils/elles veuillent