Fs presentation-eng

Fre Software and Education

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar

FSF India

College of Engineering , Thiruvananthapuram, November 26, 2012

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 2 / 26

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Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 3 / 26

Story of the Computer

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 4 / 26

Story of the Computer

ENIAC, the first electronic computer – 1946

Large machine, small capabilities, very expensive

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 5 / 26

Story of the Computer

ENIAC, the first electronic computer – 1946

Large machine, small capabilities, very expensive

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 5 / 26

Story of the Computer

Features of Eniacthousands of valves

large power requirement

forced cooling

own air-conditioned building

workers to look after it

small memory, very slow

programs written by users

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26

Story of the Computer

Features of Eniacthousands of valves

large power requirement

forced cooling

own air-conditioned building

workers to look after it

small memory, very slow

programs written by users

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26

Story of the Computer

Features of Eniacthousands of valves

large power requirement

forced cooling

own air-conditioned building

workers to look after it

small memory, very slow

programs written by users

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26

Story of the Computer

Features of Eniacthousands of valves

large power requirement

forced cooling

own air-conditioned building

workers to look after it

small memory, very slow

programs written by users

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26

Story of the Computer

Features of Eniacthousands of valves

large power requirement

forced cooling

own air-conditioned building

workers to look after it

small memory, very slow

programs written by users

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26

Story of the Computer

Features of Eniacthousands of valves

large power requirement

forced cooling

own air-conditioned building

workers to look after it

small memory, very slow

programs written by users

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26

Story of the Computer

Features of Eniacthousands of valves

large power requirement

forced cooling

own air-conditioned building

workers to look after it

small memory, very slow

programs written by users

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26

Story of the Computer

Features of Eniacthousands of valves

large power requirement

forced cooling

own air-conditioned building

workers to look after it

small memory, very slow

programs written by users

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26

Story of the Computer

Technology changed, computer changed

transistors replaced valves – 1950s

integrated circuits consisting of several transistors– 1960s

large scale integration and microprocessor –1970s

computer became smaller and more powerful

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26

Story of the Computer

Technology changed, computer changed

transistors replaced valves – 1950s

integrated circuits consisting of several transistors– 1960s

large scale integration and microprocessor –1970s

computer became smaller and more powerful

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26

Story of the Computer

Technology changed, computer changed

transistors replaced valves – 1950s

integrated circuits consisting of several transistors– 1960s

large scale integration and microprocessor –1970s

computer became smaller and more powerful

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26

Story of the Computer

Technology changed, computer changed

transistors replaced valves – 1950s

integrated circuits consisting of several transistors– 1960s

large scale integration and microprocessor –1970s

computer became smaller and more powerful

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26

Story of the Computer

Technology changed, computer changed

transistors replaced valves – 1950s

integrated circuits consisting of several transistors– 1960s

large scale integration and microprocessor –1970s

computer became smaller and more powerful

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26

Story of the Computer

Technology changed, computer changed

transistors replaced valves – 1950s

integrated circuits consisting of several transistors– 1960s

large scale integration and microprocessor –1970s

computer became smaller and more powerful

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26

Story of the Computer

Technology changed, computer changed

transistors replaced valves – 1950s

integrated circuits consisting of several transistors– 1960s

large scale integration and microprocessor –1970s

computer became smaller and more powerful

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26

Story of the Computer

Modern Desktop Computer

small machine, very powerful, cheap, programs became commodities

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 8 / 26

Story of the Computer

Modern Desktop Computer

small machine, very powerful, cheap, programs became commodities

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 8 / 26

Story of the Computer

Modern Desktop Computer

small machine, very powerful, cheap, programs became commodities

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 8 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 9 / 26

Origin of Free Software

In the 1970s, computers were used for doingcomputations

users had to write programs

writing a usable program is difficult, timeconsuming

so programs were shared

programs did not have owners

All software was Free Software

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26

Origin of Free Software

In the 1970s, computers were used for doingcomputations

users had to write programs

writing a usable program is difficult, timeconsuming

so programs were shared

programs did not have owners

All software was Free Software

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26

Origin of Free Software

In the 1970s, computers were used for doingcomputations

users had to write programs

writing a usable program is difficult, timeconsuming

so programs were shared

programs did not have owners

All software was Free Software

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26

Origin of Free Software

In the 1970s, computers were used for doingcomputations

users had to write programs

writing a usable program is difficult, timeconsuming

so programs were shared

programs did not have owners

All software was Free Software

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26

Origin of Free Software

In the 1970s, computers were used for doingcomputations

users had to write programs

writing a usable program is difficult, timeconsuming

so programs were shared

programs did not have owners

All software was Free Software

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26

Origin of Free Software

In the 1970s, computers were used for doingcomputations

users had to write programs

writing a usable program is difficult, timeconsuming

so programs were shared

programs did not have owners

All software was Free Software

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26

Origin of Free Software

In the 1970s, computers were used for doingcomputations

users had to write programs

writing a usable program is difficult, timeconsuming

so programs were shared

programs did not have owners

All software was Free Software

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MITLab gets new printerStallman does not get driver source codeStallman decides to create software that gives freedom tousersStarts the GNU1 project in 1983 SeptemberStarts the Free Software Foundation in 1985

1GNU’s Not UnixDr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MITLab gets new printerStallman does not get driver source codeStallman decides to create software that gives freedom tousersStarts the GNU1 project in 1983 SeptemberStarts the Free Software Foundation in 1985

1GNU’s Not UnixDr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MITLab gets new printerStallman does not get driver source codeStallman decides to create software that gives freedom tousersStarts the GNU1 project in 1983 SeptemberStarts the Free Software Foundation in 1985

1GNU’s Not UnixDr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MITLab gets new printerStallman does not get driver source codeStallman decides to create software that gives freedom tousersStarts the GNU1 project in 1983 SeptemberStarts the Free Software Foundation in 1985

1GNU’s Not UnixDr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MITLab gets new printerStallman does not get driver source codeStallman decides to create software that gives freedom tousersStarts the GNU1 project in 1983 SeptemberStarts the Free Software Foundation in 1985

1GNU’s Not UnixDr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MITLab gets new printerStallman does not get driver source codeStallman decides to create software that gives freedom tousersStarts the GNU1 project in 1983 SeptemberStarts the Free Software Foundation in 1985

1GNU’s Not UnixDr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Prepares the licence for Free Software – The GNU GPLFour freedoms for users of Free Software

1 freedom to use on any number of computers for anypurpose

2 freedom to copy and share3 freedom to study and modify4 freedom to redistribute

Any software that gives these four freedoms is called FreeSoftware

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Prepares the licence for Free Software – The GNU GPLFour freedoms for users of Free Software

1 freedom to use on any number of computers for anypurpose

2 freedom to copy and share3 freedom to study and modify4 freedom to redistribute

Any software that gives these four freedoms is called FreeSoftware

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Prepares the licence for Free Software – The GNU GPLFour freedoms for users of Free Software

1 freedom to use on any number of computers for anypurpose

2 freedom to copy and share3 freedom to study and modify4 freedom to redistribute

Any software that gives these four freedoms is called FreeSoftware

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Prepares the licence for Free Software – The GNU GPLFour freedoms for users of Free Software

1 freedom to use on any number of computers for anypurpose

2 freedom to copy and share3 freedom to study and modify4 freedom to redistribute

Any software that gives these four freedoms is called FreeSoftware

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Prepares the licence for Free Software – The GNU GPLFour freedoms for users of Free Software

1 freedom to use on any number of computers for anypurpose

2 freedom to copy and share3 freedom to study and modify4 freedom to redistribute

Any software that gives these four freedoms is called FreeSoftware

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Prepares the licence for Free Software – The GNU GPLFour freedoms for users of Free Software

1 freedom to use on any number of computers for anypurpose

2 freedom to copy and share3 freedom to study and modify4 freedom to redistribute

Any software that gives these four freedoms is called FreeSoftware

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Prepares the licence for Free Software – The GNU GPLFour freedoms for users of Free Software

1 freedom to use on any number of computers for anypurpose

2 freedom to copy and share3 freedom to study and modify4 freedom to redistribute

Any software that gives these four freedoms is called FreeSoftware

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Linux kernel gets ready in 1991GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software

uly 1993 Slackware is the first distributionSeveral distributions today

1993 Slackware1994 Red Hat1998 Mandriva2000 Ututo -the first totallyfree distribution2004 Ubuntu2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Linux kernel gets ready in 1991GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software

uly 1993 Slackware is the first distributionSeveral distributions today

1993 Slackware1994 Red Hat1998 Mandriva2000 Ututo -the first totallyfree distribution2004 Ubuntu2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Linux kernel gets ready in 1991GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software

uly 1993 Slackware is the first distributionSeveral distributions today

1993 Slackware1994 Red Hat1998 Mandriva2000 Ututo -the first totallyfree distribution2004 Ubuntu2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Linux kernel gets ready in 1991GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software

uly 1993 Slackware is the first distributionSeveral distributions today

1993 Slackware1994 Red Hat1998 Mandriva2000 Ututo -the first totallyfree distribution2004 Ubuntu2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Linux kernel gets ready in 1991GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software

uly 1993 Slackware is the first distributionSeveral distributions today

1993 Slackware1994 Red Hat1998 Mandriva2000 Ututo -the first totallyfree distribution2004 Ubuntu2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Linux kernel gets ready in 1991GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software

uly 1993 Slackware is the first distributionSeveral distributions today

1993 Slackware1994 Red Hat1998 Mandriva2000 Ututo -the first totallyfree distribution2004 Ubuntu2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Linux kernel gets ready in 1991GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software

uly 1993 Slackware is the first distributionSeveral distributions today

1993 Slackware1994 Red Hat1998 Mandriva2000 Ututo -the first totallyfree distribution2004 Ubuntu2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Linux kernel gets ready in 1991GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software

uly 1993 Slackware is the first distributionSeveral distributions today

1993 Slackware1994 Red Hat1998 Mandriva2000 Ututo -the first totallyfree distribution2004 Ubuntu2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Linux kernel gets ready in 1991GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software

uly 1993 Slackware is the first distributionSeveral distributions today

1993 Slackware1994 Red Hat1998 Mandriva2000 Ututo -the first totallyfree distribution2004 Ubuntu2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26

Origin of Free Software

Linux kernel gets ready in 1991GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software

uly 1993 Slackware is the first distributionSeveral distributions today

1993 Slackware1994 Red Hat1998 Mandriva2000 Ututo -the first totallyfree distribution2004 Ubuntu2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26

Freedom in Other Areas

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 14 / 26

Freedom in Other Areas

Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 15 / 26

Freedom in Other Areas

Wikipedia, the largest encyclopediaMore than 3.5 million articles in EnglishArticles in more than 250 languagesMore than ten thousand articles in MalayalamSeveral other projects

Wiktionary – a free dictionaryWikimedia Commons – free media filesWiki BooksWikiversity

Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causeswith no expectations

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26

Freedom in Other Areas

Wikipedia, the largest encyclopediaMore than 3.5 million articles in EnglishArticles in more than 250 languagesMore than ten thousand articles in MalayalamSeveral other projects

Wiktionary – a free dictionaryWikimedia Commons – free media filesWiki BooksWikiversity

Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causeswith no expectations

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26

Freedom in Other Areas

Wikipedia, the largest encyclopediaMore than 3.5 million articles in EnglishArticles in more than 250 languagesMore than ten thousand articles in MalayalamSeveral other projects

Wiktionary – a free dictionaryWikimedia Commons – free media filesWiki BooksWikiversity

Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causeswith no expectations

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26

Freedom in Other Areas

Wikipedia, the largest encyclopediaMore than 3.5 million articles in EnglishArticles in more than 250 languagesMore than ten thousand articles in MalayalamSeveral other projects

Wiktionary – a free dictionaryWikimedia Commons – free media filesWiki BooksWikiversity

Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causeswith no expectations

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26

Freedom in Other Areas

Wikipedia, the largest encyclopediaMore than 3.5 million articles in EnglishArticles in more than 250 languagesMore than ten thousand articles in MalayalamSeveral other projects

Wiktionary – a free dictionaryWikimedia Commons – free media filesWiki BooksWikiversity

Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causeswith no expectations

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26

Freedom in Other Areas

Wikipedia, the largest encyclopediaMore than 3.5 million articles in EnglishArticles in more than 250 languagesMore than ten thousand articles in MalayalamSeveral other projects

Wiktionary – a free dictionaryWikimedia Commons – free media filesWiki BooksWikiversity

Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causeswith no expectations

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26

Freedom in Other Areas

Wikipedia, the largest encyclopediaMore than 3.5 million articles in EnglishArticles in more than 250 languagesMore than ten thousand articles in MalayalamSeveral other projects

Wiktionary – a free dictionaryWikimedia Commons – free media filesWiki BooksWikiversity

Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causeswith no expectations

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26

Freedom in Other Areas

Wikipedia, the largest encyclopediaMore than 3.5 million articles in EnglishArticles in more than 250 languagesMore than ten thousand articles in MalayalamSeveral other projects

Wiktionary – a free dictionaryWikimedia Commons – free media filesWiki BooksWikiversity

Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causeswith no expectations

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26

Freedom in Other Areas

Wikipedia, the largest encyclopediaMore than 3.5 million articles in EnglishArticles in more than 250 languagesMore than ten thousand articles in MalayalamSeveral other projects

Wiktionary – a free dictionaryWikimedia Commons – free media filesWiki BooksWikiversity

Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causeswith no expectations

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26

Freedom in Other Areas

Creative Commons – freedom in creative works

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 17 / 26

Freedom in Other Areas

Free Art (Art Libre) – freedom in art

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 18 / 26

Freedom in Other Areas

Open Access movement

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 19 / 26

Freedom in Other Areas

Oekonux – towards a GPL society

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 20 / 26

Freedom in Other Areas

Peer to Peer Foundation

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 21 / 26

Freedom in Other Areas

WikiOcean – an open business model

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 22 / 26

Inub\ enN a\uh CÞob en eªynZ\n en 5#uXy h|õnenXm

Iucnao bZyXm hIdw ]cttê \ncnbWubXo ha±Ãbnao

Everything I do with my body, my mind, my senses, myintelligence, my nature and my character, I submit to LordNarayana.

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 23 / 26

Inub\ enN a\uh CÞob en eªynZ\n en 5#uXy h|õnenXm

Iucnao bZyXm hIdw ]cttê \ncnbWubXo ha±Ãbnao

Everything I do with my body, my mind, my senses, myintelligence, my nature and my character, I submit to LordNarayana.

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 23 / 26

Inub\ enN a\uh CÞob en eªynZ\n en 5#uXy h|õnenXm

Iucnao bZyXm hIdw ]cttê \ncnbWubXo ha±Ãbnao

Everything I do with my body, my mind, my senses, myintelligence, my nature and my character, I submit to LordNarayana.

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 23 / 26

The Chief Seattle speech

How can you buyor sell the sky, thewarmth of the land?The idea is strange tous.

If we do not own thefreshness of the airand the sparkle ofthe water, how canyou buy them?

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 24 / 26

The Chief Seattle speech

How can you buyor sell the sky, thewarmth of the land?The idea is strange tous.

If we do not own thefreshness of the airand the sparkle ofthe water, how canyou buy them?

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 24 / 26

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 25 / 26

Licence(This presentation is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution

Share Alike (by sa) 2.5 India licence. If this note also is included, this may beused in its original or modified form without special permission. More

information about the licence may be obtained fromhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/in/ )

Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 26 / 26