Friday, June 6, 11:34:02 AM Topic 6 Ecology. Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AM The environment is every...

Friday, June 6, 11:34:02 Friday, June 6, 11:34:02 AMAM

Topic 6Topic 6

EcologyEcology

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

The environment is every living and nonliving thing that surrounds an organism

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Ecosystem describes any portion of

the environment

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

All the living things in an ecosystem are

called biotic

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Non living influences are

called abiotic factors

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

The specific environment in which

organisms live is their habitat

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

All the organisms of a species that live in the same area make up a

population

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

All the different populations are combined to form a

community

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Collectively all of the Earth’s ecosystems make up the

biosphere

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

The fundamental concept of ecology is that all living organisms are

interdependent, and they interact with one another and with the physical environment

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Competition is the struggle for resources among organisms

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Factors in the environment that limit the size of populations are known as

limiting factors

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Predators kill and eat other organisms

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Prey are killed for food

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

The number of organisms of any single species that an ecosystem can support is referred to as its

carrying capacity

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

DISCOVERY CHANNEL

VIDEO

CLICK ON PLANET EARTH

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

The role that each species plays in the

ecosystem is called its ecological niche

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

In predator – prey relationships food chains show what eats what

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Photosynthetic organisms make their own food. They are

known as autotrophs or producers

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Heterotrophs must acquire food by consuming other organisms. Heterotrophs are also called

consumers

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Herbivores are heterotrophs that survive on plant tissues

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Carnivores are heterotrophs that eat other animals

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

The wastes and dead bodies of all organisms are

consumed by decomposers

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Scavengers are consumers that eat dead organisms they do not kill

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Parasites are organisms that attack other live

organisms (called host organisms) but rarely kill them

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Food webs are diagrams that show more complex feeding relationships

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

CLICK FOR VIDEO

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Almost all organisms use

the solar energy (the sun) in food to power their life processes

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

1000 Calories

990 Calories lost to the environment

10 Calories of plant matter available as food

1 Calorie available as food

9 Calories lost to the environment

As energy is transferred, much of it is

lost to the

environment

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

An energy pyramid is a diagram that illustrates the transfer of energy through a food web or chain

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Herbivores

Carnivores

Producers

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Release of oxygen

(photosynthesis)

Release of carbon dioxide Dead animals

Decom

posit

ion

nutrients

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

CLICK FOR VIDEO

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Biodiversity is a measurement of the degree to which species vary within an ecosystem

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Many species may be lost when natural disasters cause large scale destruction to habitats

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Species can also be lost when humans do not consider the environmental impact of their action

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Endangered species

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Biodiversity also represents one of the greatest resources known to

humans. Medicinal herbs and plants are one example

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

The series of changes by which one habitat changes

into another is called ecological succession

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

Climatic changes, natural disasters, and the activities of animals (including humans) can alter stable ecosystems

Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 Friday, June 6, 11:34:32 AMAM

View the process of ecological succession as it occurs in coastal lowlands by clicking on the image

below