Food Policy of India 3

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FOOD POLICY

OF INDIA

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Even though self sufficiency of food production has beenachieved, the population still lacks access to balanced food.It is a matter of concern that even though cereal production

has kept pace with the increasing requirements and averageper capita intakes of cereals have remained satisfactory ,there have been a fall in the per capita consumption of

pulses

-NINTH FIVE YEAR PLAN(1997-2002)

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FOOD SECURITY OF

INDIA

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FOOD AND AGRICULTUREORGANISATION(FOA, 1983) defined food securityas ensuring that all people at all times have both physicaland economic access to basic food they need.

STAATZ(1990) defined food security as the ability to

assure, on a long term basis , that food system provides thetotal population access to a timely, reliable and nutritionally

adequate supply of food.

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FOOD SELFSUFFICIENCY ININDIA

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The Indian planners, right from the beginning, realised theneed to attain self sufficiency in food grains as one of theimportant goals of planning. The Government realised that

food surplus in developed countries was used as a weapon toforce several countries to submit to their dictates. PrimeMinister Jawaharlal Nehru realised that it was with great

difficulty that India was able to avoid the political stringsattached with food aid, but it did hurt national pride.

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NETAVAILABILITYOF CEREALS AND

PULSES

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NET AVAILABILITY OF CEREALS AND PULSES

Years Cereals(milloin tonnes)

Pulses(millio

n tonnes)

Per capita net availability

per day

Net

production Net imports Net availability

Net

availabality

Cereal

s

Pulse

s Total

1983-87 110.5 1.6 109.5 10.3 416.8 39.3 456.1

1987-91 124.7 0.5 126.6 11.7 433.9 40 473.9

1991-95 145.9 0.4 144.2 12.1 446.9 37.5 484.4

1995-99 160.5 -2 155.1 12.2 434.8 33.2 468

1999-03 143.2 -8.5 175.9 13.6 458.7 35.4 494.1

2003-07 177.7 -7 168.9 14.7 407.4 35.5 442.8

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GROWTH OF AREA,

PRODUCTION AND

YIELD

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GRO TH IN THE PRODUCTION OF

AGRICULTURAL CROPS DEPENDS ON

ACERAGE AND YIELD. LIMITATION IN THE

EXPANSION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND

SUGGEST THAT INCREASE IN GROSS

CROPPED AREA CAN COME FROM MULTIPLE

CROPPING.RICE

Growth rates

1980-81& 1989-

90

1990-91& 1999-

2000 2000-01& 2007-08

Area 0.4 0.7 -0.1

Production 3.6 2 1.9

Yield 3.2 1.3 2

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WHEAT

Area 0.5 1.7 1.3

Production 3.6 3.6 1.4

Yield 3.1 1.8 0.1

COARSE CEREALS

Area -1.3 -2.1 -0.4

Production 0.4 0 3.3

Yield 1.6 1.8 4.3

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PULSES

Area -0.1 -0.6 1.9

Production 1.5 0.6 3.4

Yield 1.6 0.9 1.7

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STATE-WISE AREA,PRODUCTION AND

YIELD OF FOOD

GRAINS

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SOURCE- AGRICULTURAL STATISTCS AT A GLANCE(2007)

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GROWTH OF INDIAS

FOOD PRODUCTION INTHE WORLD CONTEXT

AND FOOD SECURITY

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FOOD PRODUCTION INDEX(1999-

2007=100)COUNTRIES 1999 2004 2007

EGYPT 97.0 114.0 115.0

CHINA 97.0 116.0 125.0

INDIA 98.0 102.0 129.0

USA 99.0 106.0 109.0

BRAZIL 96.0 125.0 131.0

AUSTRAILIA 99.0 92.0 76.0

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PUBLIC

DISTRIBUTION

SYSTEM IN INDIA

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OBJECTIVES AND EXPANSION OF PDS

The basic objective of the PDS in India is to provide

essential consumer goods at cheap and subsidized prices

to the consumers so as to insulate them from the impactof rising prices of these commodities and maintain the

minimum nutritional status of our population. To run

this system the Government resorts to levy purchases ofmarketable surplus with traders and producers atprocurement prices.

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The main purpose of Public Distribution

System(PDS) was to act as a price support program

for the consumer during the periods of the 1960s.It acted as an instrument of price stabilisation and

become a countervailing force against private traders

who were to exploit the situation of scarcity to acquiremore and more profits.

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The basic aim was to provide essential commodities

such as rice, wheat, sugar, edible oil, soft coke and

kerosene at susidised prices.

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FLAWS IN FOOD SECURITY

SYSTEMLimited benefit to poor from PDS

Regional disparities in PDSbenefits

The burden of food supply

PDS results in price increase

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TARGETED PUBLIC

DISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMS (TPDS)

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In June 1997, the government of India launched the

Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) withfocus on the poor. Under the TPDS, States arerequired to formulate and implement full proofarrangements for identification of the poor for delivery

of food grains and for its distribution in a transparentand accountable manner at the FPS level.

The Targeted Public Distribution System(TPDS) isa means of distributing food grain and other basiccommodities at subsidized prices through Fair PriceShops

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TYPES OF TARGETING

People Targeting

Commodity TargetingGeographic Targeting

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REVIEW OF TPDS

The operation of this scheme has resulted in a heavy

burden of subsidy.

It is difficult to identify BPL families.The whole process of identification of BPL families in

many States has been carried out in a very arbitrary

manner.Commodities arrive late and irregular at the fair price

shops.

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Diversion at the stage of transportation

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NINTH FIVE YEAR PLAN(1997-

2002) AND FOOD SECURITY.THE PLANNING COMMISSIONstates An approach to national food

security, which relies largely on domesticproduction of food needed for consumption as

well as for building buffer stocks, can bedescribed as a strategy of self sufficiency.

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TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN(2002-

2007) AND FOOD SECURITYIt draws attention to the changes in consumption patternbetween 1972-73 and 1993-94.

1972-1973 1993-1994

Cereal consumption(in rural areas)15.3kg per capita per month.

Cereal consumption(in rural areas)13.4kg per capita per month.

Cereal consumption(in urban areas)11.3kg per capita per month.

Cereal consumption(in urban areas)10.6kg per capita per month.

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RESTRUCTURING OF PDS

Items other than wheat and rice should be excluded

from the scope of food subsidies.

Sugar should be kept outside the purview of PDS.The coverage of TPDS and food subsidy should be

restricted to BPL population.

To reduce the malpractices, food stamps should beissued to female members of the family who can bedesignated as heads of households for the purpose.

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ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN(2007-

2012)To meet the growing food grain demand, National

Development Council in its 53rdmeeting adopted a resolution

to enhance the production of rice, wheat an pulses by 10, 8

and 2million tons respectively by 2011 with an outlay ofRs.4,882 crore under National Policy for Farmers in theEleventh Five Year Plan. The proposed Centrally Sponsored

Scheme National Food Security Mission(NFSM) is tooperationalise the resolution of NDC and enhance the

production of rice, wheat and pulses.

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The Mid-Term Review(MTR) Committee on Agricultureand Allied Sectors, constituted by the Planning Commission,

Government of India for the Eleventh Five Year Plan(2007-2012), held a regional consultation review meeting for the

Western and Central states of Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat,Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan at theIndian Institute of Management, Ahmadabad.

Under the NFSM , initial reports indicate an increase in

Wheat seed distribution from 43% in Rajasthan to as high as10 times in Bihar. In Pulses also, the increase the use ofimproved seed range from 29% in Rajasthan to more than400% in Chhattisgarh.

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CONCLUSION

The Planning Commission has expressed itsinability to provide funds for implementing the

National Food Security Act in the final lap ofthe Eleventh Five Year Plan, arguing that doingthis it would have to divert the funds from

existing schemes.

The food insecurity worsen in Maharashtra,

Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

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PRESENTED BY: SAKSHI BOHRA (53)SHALINI BISHT (55)SHIVANI SINGHAL (57)