FLAME TREATMENT FLAME TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY AND …€¦ · AIMCAL FALL CONFERENCE - MYRTLE BEACH -...

11/10/2005AIMCAL FALL CONFERENCE - MYRTLE BEACH - SC - USA - 19 October 20051

FLAME TREATMENT FLAME TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY AND ITS TECHNOLOGY AND ITS

APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS

Stefano MancinelliesseCI SRL Process Engineer

esse CIflame treaters®

Via Flaminia Ternana no.386

05035 – Narni (TR) - ITALY

www.essecinet.com

SUMMARYSUMMARY

1. Laminar flame profile

2. Flame chemistry

3. PP surface flame oxidation mechanism

4. Flame treatment main process parameters

5. Flame treatment applications

1.1.11 LAMINAR FLAME LAMINAR FLAME PROFILEPROFILE

1) Preheating zone;

2) Luminous zone;

3) Recombination zone

Temp. profile

Radicals gradient

Unburned gases

convective flows

Radicals diffusion

REDUCING ZONENO TREATMENTEXCESS GAS

OXIDIZING ZONETREATMENT AREAEXCESS O2

FLAME SPEEDMallard-LeChatelier Theory

SL ~ (b ´ RR)1/2

b = Thermal Diffusivity = l/rcp

FLAME = Dynamic balance between flame speed and

mixture speed ÞMixt. Flow vs. Air Gap

Flame speed and mixture speed in premixed laminar flame

FLAMMABILITY LIMITS (FUEL VOL. %)

551022C3H8

611555CH4

79281515NH3

94741612CO

947544H2

O2AIRO2AIR

GAS RICHGAS LEAN

2.2.11 FLAME CHEMISTRYFLAME CHEMISTRY

Chain/Radical reactions:l M Þ R ; Initiating step – k1

l R+M Þ aR+M’ ; Chain Branching – k2

l R+M Þ R+P ; Propagating step – k3

l R+M Þ P’ ;Terminating/Production – k4

l R Þ P’’ ; Wall destruction – k5M = reactants; P,P’,P’’ = reaction products

Multiplication factor a = 1 + [(k4 + k5) / k2]

2.2.22 HH22 -- 0022

COMBUSTION SYSTEMCOMBUSTION SYSTEMChain Branching Þ RADICAL POOL

H+O2 Þ OH+O;

OH+H2 Þ H+H2O;

O+H2 Þ OH+H;

O+H2O Þ 2OH.

2.2.33 METHANE OXIDATIONMETHANE OXIDATION

CH4 + M Þ CH3 + H + MCH4 + X Þ CH3 + XHa) methyl radicals oxidation Þ CH3O;CH2O

b) C2H6 formation and its oxidation

Þ H2O and CO2 production (passing through CO).

3.3.11 PP PP surface flame oxidation surface flame oxidation

mechanismmechanism

l C-H link breaking vs. C-C link breaking;l OH > O > H >> HO2

RH+OH Þ R°+H2O; Initiating stepRH+H Þ R°+H2

R°+OH Þ ROH;

R°+HO2 Þ ROOH; Propagating stepR°+O2 Þ ROO;R°+H2O2 Þ ROO+OHR°+O Þ RO

R°+H Þ RH; Terminating step

mechanismmechanism

b-scission reaction:

-C-C-C- Þ -C=O + C

O Þ alkoxy radicals RO° Þ LMWOM.

mechanismmechanism

l O/C RATIO

l IMWOM vs. LMWOM

INCREASED SURFACE ENERGY

l Chain Scission behaviour

l “Aging” behaviour

l Metallizing barrier effect & Improved surface properties

mechanismmechanism

TREATED

mechanismmechanism

UNTREATED

4.4.11 FLAME TREATMENT MAIN FLAME TREATMENT MAIN PROCESS PARAMETERSPROCESS PARAMETERS

4.4.2 2 FLAME TREATMENT MAIN FLAME TREATMENT MAIN PROCESS PARAMETERSPROCESS PARAMETERS

A) MIXTURE FLOW

MIXTURE FLOW (m3/h)

4.4.3 3 FLAME TREATMENT MAIN FLAME TREATMENT MAIN PROCESS PARAMETERSPROCESS PARAMETERSTREATMENT LEVEL vs. MIXTURE FLOW CURVES

(AT DIFFERENT LINE SPEEDS)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

MIXTURE FLOW [Nmc/h per burner meter]

v 150m/min

v 200m/min

v 250m/min

v 300m/min

TREATMENT LEVEL vs. MIXTURE FLOW CURVES

(AT DIFFERENT LINE SPEEDS)

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

MIXTURE FLOW [Nmc/h per burner meter]

v 350m/min

v 400m/min

v 450m/min

v 500m/min

f = EQUIVALENCE

B) MIXTURE COMPOSITION

l = LAMBDA =

= 1 / f

TREATMENT LEVEL vs. JONO TEMPERATURE CURVE (Qmix = 48m3/h*m; gap

4.0mm; s 160m/min; H2O roll = 27°C)

303540455055

810 820 830 840

Jono temperature [°C]

Lambda value vs. Room Temperature

at different relative humidity values.Natural Gas combustion (d=0.59).

Stoichiometric at 20°C; H% = 0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Room Temperature [°C]

RH 25%

RH 50%

RH 75%

RH 100%

C) AIR GAP

AIR GAP OPTIMIZATION CURVE (METHANE 2.5 GAS;

MIXTURE LAMBDA 1.028; GRID TYPE 0)

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

OUTPUT MIXTURE SPEED [m/h]

FLAME TEMPERATURE vs. AIR GAP at different mixture compositions

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

AIR GAP [mm]

LAMBDA 1.000LAMBDA 1.050LAMBDA 0.950

D) TREATER ROLL TEMPERATURE

P =KA DT ; [W/m]

K [W/(m2/°C)]

A [m2] ; DT [°C]

1/K =S / (A´lm) + 1/h +Rd

5.5.11 FLAME TREATMENT APPLICATIONSFLAME TREATMENT APPLICATIONS

••

•••

••

•••

••

•••

•• • • •• • •• ••• • • •• • •• ••

• • • •• • •• ••• • • •• • •• ••

••

• • • •

Anti-blocking particles (mineral or polymer)

Slip agents – Amides

Anti-static – Tertiary Ethoxilated Amines

Anti-static – GMS

Layer “C” – Heat Seal

Layer “A” – Heat Seal / Conversion

Layer “B” – PP Structural

BOPP Films for Printing and Lamination

Flame treated. Slow peeling.

Corona treated. Fast peeling. Flame treated. Fast peeling.

NO ADHESION PROMOTERCorona treated. Slow peeling.

CORONA TREATED

FLAME TREATED

5.5.55 FLAME TREATMENT APPLICATIONS FLAME TREATMENT APPLICATIONS

•• • •Anti-blocking particles

Layer “C” – Heat Seal

Layer “A” – Al deposition receptive

Layer “B” –PP Structural

Al layer (deposition under vacuum)

Metallized Coex films

5.5.6 6 FLAME TREATMENT APPLICATIONSFLAME TREATMENT APPLICATIONS

TargetsEffective treatment at high line speeds, with little impact in heat seal initiation temperature (SIT),

on optical properties and flatness

Results Treated film UT/UT sealing temp= Untreat UT/UT;UT/T and T/T sealing temp. max 10°C > UT/UT .

UT = untreated; T = treated .

Sealable Coex films

363.977.587.1147414.8454.8Seal Str.[N]

NYYv.littleNNCurling

NYYLightNNFilm aspect

(stripes)

424443424141Dynes/cm

192619261919Roll Temp.[°C]

325325325325325325Speed [m/min]

815825815815815815T Jono [°C]

2.532.82.52.52.5Gap [mm]

283936282725Mixt. [m3/h*m]

654321

Sealable Coex films

SEALING STRENGHT vs. FLAME TREATMENT PARAMETERS

454,8414,8

14787,1 77,5

45 48 50 65 70 50

Mixture flow values [Nm3/h]

Sealable Coex films

White Opaque films / Synthetic Paper

Targets

Effective treatment at high line speeds, with little on optical properties and flatness

ResultsTreatment level up to 44 dynes/cm at 450m/min without problems as stripes along film width and

curling effect

0/10/11/211/2Curling

10/121/22/3 Film aspect

(stripes)

44 42 46 4250Dynes/cm

1616202020Roll Temp.[°C]

280280280280280Speed [m/min]

820820815815815T Jono [°C]

2.82.52.82.53.3Gap [mm]

3530403550Mixt. [m3/h*m]

White Opaque films / Synthetic Paper

esseCI SRL PILOT PLANT

BACK TO LIST

FLAME TREATMENT FLAME TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY AND …€¦ · AIMCAL FALL CONFERENCE - MYRTLE BEACH -...

Documents

Emmett Yu - Adhesion in Extrusion Coating -English...BON films: 5 – 15 WD Corona Treatment of Films Use Proper Watt-Density Other Treatment Methods • Flame – proper air/gas ratio

Violet Flame Hooponopono.draft2 - Ascension NOW!anow.org/files/Violet Flame Hooponopono - July 2012.pdf · Ascension NOW! 7/14/2012 Violet Flame Violet Flame Ho’oHo’oHo’opono

CURRENT FLAME RETARDANT ADDITIVES AND ......treatment, treatment with hydrophobation agents such as ASA (alkenyl succinic anhydride), AKD (alkyl ketener dimer), fatty acids), treatment

AIMCAL Web Coating Conference Paper AB5, 1:00 … · AIMCAL Web Coating Conference Paper AB5, 1:00 PM ... Outline of Presentation ... AIMCAL Paper AB5 10/26/11, John Affinito slide

FLAME ARRESTOR - '+domain name+'€¢ INLINE FLAME ARRESTOR• END OF LINE FLAME ARRESTOR Types of Flame Arrestors INLINE END OF LINE Flame Arrestor Element E-mail: info@combustionindia.com

The Effects of Corona and Flame Treatment: Part 1. PE-LD ...€¦ · Part 1. PE-LD Coated Packaging Board, Mikko Tuominen & Johanna Lahti 3 Introduction • The effects of flame and

Promoting Adhesion - Corona, Flame, Ozone and Plasma ... · Promoting Adhesion - Corona, Flame, Ozone and Plasma Surface Treatment Presented by: Rory A. Wolf VP Business Development

Flame Treatment Technology for the Photovoltaic Industry

Flame Plasma Surface Treating –What’s it All AboutPost Treatment is defined as the application of a “controlled” flame to the PE coated paper board or directly to a film substrate

Real-Win-Worth - AIMCAL€¦ · to your current offerings –Proximity of new market . . . to your current market . Don McClure Acuity Consulting and Training AIMCAL 2011 . New to

Gas Barrier Coatings For Flexible Packaging - AIMCAL · 2018-10-08 · working for you. Gas Barrier Coatings For Flexible Packaging AIMCAL EUROPE WEB COATING CONFERENCE 2012 12th

The Surface Analysis Laboratory Flame Treatment of Polypropylene… · 2018. 3. 7. · The Surface Analysis Laboratory Flame Treatment Conditions • Equivalence ratio 0.93 (stoichiometric

The Effects of Flame Treatment on Clay Coated Paperboard in … · 2005. 4. 7. · The Effects of Flame Treatment on Clay Coated Paperboard in Extrusion Coating Mikko Tuominen, M.Sc

The fundamentals of flame treatment for the surface ... · PDF fileFeature Article The fundamentals of ﬂame treatment for the surface activation of polyoleﬁn polymers e A review

2016 AIMCAL Conference Europe€¦ · Flat aluminum, steel, & non-ferrous metal products, e.g. foils Metal Applications

Heat Treatment - Harry · PDF fileCase carburising, nitriding, carbonitriding, induction and flame hardening processes. ... Heat treatment of aluminum, copper, magnesium, titanium

Flame retardant and dyeing treatment of cellulose fabrics ... · Flame retardant and dyeing treatment of cellulose fabrics using a combined “grafting from” and PIGP process A

Violet Flame for World Peace - Ascension NOW!anow.org/files/Violet Flame for World Peace.pdf · Violet Flame for World PeaceViolet Flame for World PeaceWorld Peace Violet Flame Saturday

SPECTROMETER / COLORIMETER - flame · INSTRUCTION SHEET 1 SPECTROMETER / COLORIMETER - flame Cat: CH3792-001 Flame emission and Atomic Absorption DESCRIPTION: The IEC ‘Flame & AA

Treatment of brominated flame retardants under the Basel ... · •additive flame retardant in polymers for electrical and electronic equipment and transport uses. TetraBDE & PentaBDE