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Exponation
AIA Provider Number: 70119700
Lighting with Power over Ethernet
(PoE), an IT Convergence LEDSSNW16-S11
Scott Ziegenfus, Hubbell Lighting Inc. 9.22.16
Credit(s) earned on completion of
this course will be reported to AIA
CES for AIA members.
Certificates of Completion for both
AIA members and non-AIA
members are available upon
request.
This course is registered with AIA
CES for continuing professional
education. As such, it does not
include content that may be
deemed or construed to be an
approval or endorsement by the
AIA of any material of construction
or any method or manner of
handling, using, distributing, or
dealing in any material or product. _______________________________________
Questions related to specific materials, methods,
and services will be addressed at the conclusion
of this presentation.
Course
Description
Learning
Objectives
● The listener will be able to understand what
the term PoE means and what it does not
mean in benefits and capabilities when
associated with a lighting systemPoE network
architecture and how it can be applied to
lighting along with NEC and UL.
● The listener will gain knowledge of IEEE
802.3 Ethernet PoE network architecture and
how it can be applied to lighting along with
NEC and UL considerations.
● The listener will acquire a good
understanding of the basic technology and
terminology of a PoE lighting infrastructure. to
move data along with power.
● The listener will understand where PoE fits
in the goals of lighting for the future in the
world if IoT.
This session will give an overview of lighting within the PoE landscape, how PoE lighting works within the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard, and some NEC and UL considerations with PoE. Finally we will discuss how PoE can lay the wired foundation of the possibilities of the Internet of Things (IoT) and where it can help take us in the future.
PoE = Power over Ethernet
• PoE is an INDUSTY TERM somewhat defined but not well
defined like food labeled “Natural”
• Generally PoE means at least
- Low voltage power over the same network type infrastructure
and on the same wires that data CAN be sent.
• A PoE application may or may not follow recognized IEEE
802.3 standards made for PoE BUT!
What is the meaning of 'natural' on the label of food?
From a food science perspective, it is difficult to define a food product that is 'natural'
because the food has probably been processed and is no longer the product of the
earth. That said, FDA has not developed a definition for use of the term natural or its
derivatives. However, the agency has not objected to the use of the term if the food
does not contain added color, artificial flavors, or synthetic substances.
http://www.fda.gov/aboutfda/transparency/basics/ucm214868.htm
• The IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard is the most common
protocol for the foundation of any wired network and PoE
is the power transport part of that network.
- PoE is NOT the data (message) or the Application
“It’s the highway not the cars”
What is PoE within a Network
Software
and
Software
Addresses
Connections
and
Hardware
Addresses
TCP/UDP
Te
lne
t
FT
P
HT
TP
=
=
IP
Eth
ern
et
Wi-F
i
AR
CN
ET
B
AC
ne
t
2 Data
1 Physical
3 Network
4 Transport
5 Session
6 Presentation
7 Application
=
= Ethernet forms the
foundation of wired
networks
The DATA and Application
That PoE is not
PoE and IEEE Standards • IEEE 802.3 defines the Ethernet standard
- Clause 33 of the IEEE 802.3 Standard defines PoE
• af- Addenda published 2003, DTE Power via MDI. (known as PoE)
• at- Addenda published 2009, DTE Power Enhancements. (Known as PoE+)
• bt-Addenda in committee, DTE Power via MDI over 4-Pair (Known as PoE++)
- Networks applying these standard are considered PoE
• Remember a system may claim PoE without applying these standards
IEEE 802.3 ETHERNET WORKING GROUP
http://www.ieee802.org/3/index.html
CLAUSE 33 in
IEEE 802.3
• Terminology
- Power Device (PD) = receives power
- Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) = supplies power
• Endpoint PSE= Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) that is located at
an endpoint
• Midspan PSE=:Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) that is located
within a link segment that is distinctly separate from and between
the endpoints
- PoE Splitter= adapter that lets non-PoE devices work in a PoE
network by pulling power to the end node but not the data
What is IEEE802.3 af (PoE) / at(PoE+)
• Power defined over 2 pair wires with 2 operation modes
- MODE A = DATA & Power same wire
- MODE B =DATA & Power separate wires
- Compatibility - PSEs may support Mode A only or Mode B only
or Modes A & B and the same goes for PDs.
• Midspan PSEs are only MODE B
IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE+) Modes
IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)
Modes in PSE and PD must be
COMPATABLE!!!
A & B
PSE
B
PD GOOD
A
PSE
A or B
PD GOOD
A
PSE
B
PD BAD
• Power Ranges
IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)
PSE Supply
Parameters Voltage Min Voltage Max Current Max at steady state Power Max
PSE Supplied af 44 V 57V 350mA 15.4W
PSE supplied at 50V 57V 600mA 30.0W
• Mid span architecture can minimizes loss
- Midspan injector can be placed in the lighting space/room/area
- DC loop resistance minimized
- This topology can be adapted to any PoE lighting architecture
- PoE injectors can be down to a single port injector
IEEE 802.3 af and at Losses
DATA Closet (IDF/MDF)
Layer 2 Network
Switch (no PoE)
Ethernet (Data Only)
100m
Wall or Ceiling rack
Ethernet w/ PoE (Data
and power)
PoE Midspan Injector
(add Power)
• Ethernet and PoE Wiring standard
-af wiring uses a listed TIA-568 Category 3 (Cat3) or
better wire.
-at wiring uses a listed TIA-568 Category 5e (Cat5e) or
better wire.
-Wiring spans maximum is 100m or 328 ft end to end
-All wires home run from any PD (endpoint) to a PSE.
-Single wire connection from any PD to a single
endpoint
IEEE 802.3 af/at Ethernet wiring
TAKE AWAY
FOLLOWS THE SAME RULES AS
STANDARD ETHERENT COPPER
WIRING.
DISTANCE / CONNECTIONS /
TOPOLOGY
*Remember the DC power losses
IEEE 802.3 af/at Ethernet wiring
• PSE Detection of PDs - At initial power up there is a detection operation for PoE so as
to not damage equipment not designed for PoE.
- PDs may show at power up a Classification signature showing
the maximum power a PD can receive but is optional.
- PD default classification for no signature is 0 being that is the
same as class 3, maximum for af.
- Classification signature is for better efficiency
IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)
PoE Power Classification for IEEE 802.3 af and IEEE 802.3 at for 2 pair cabling at only PoE Power Class 1 2 3 4 PSE MAx Power available 4.0W 7.0W 15.4W 30.0W PD Max device power 3.84W 6.49W 12.95W 25.5W
TAKE AWAY
DEVICES THAT ARE ETHERENT BUT
NOT PoE WILL NOT BE DAMAGED BY
PLUGGIN INTO A PSE DEVICE
IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)
• Energy Efficiency
• Energy Efficiency of PoE Lighting systems is dependent on 3
variables
• Electrical efficiency of PSE
• Electrical efficiency of DC‐DC conversion in Luminaire
• Electrical energy losses of cabling (distance and resistance) can
be up to 20% • Example; PSE sends maximum power at minimum voltage to PD. Using a
standard Cat5e cable with a length of 100m attains a resistance of approx.12.5 Ω
- This is a major consideration for lighting
• ANSI C137 Lighting Systems Committee is working on a standard
for cable efficiency
IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)
losses Cat5e is 15%
Loss = (600mA)2*12.5Ω = 4.50W
Power at PD = 30.0W- 4.50W = 25.50W
IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)
TAKE AWAY
Power of the Source (PSE) is not the
same level of power at the Device (PD)
Power losses to the PD is all about the
cable used and the distance run.
• NEW IEEE 802.3 bt PoE standard coming for higher power
• 2-pair systems. Compatibility with existing equipment will be
maintained (Just added to scope)
• Capability of up to 90W at the PSE.
• This is a 4 pair installation (4PPoE)
• Proposed 8 classifications
• Still in committee
More Power IEEE 802.3 bt (PoE++)
• Cisco Universal Power Over Ethernet (UPoE)
- Using all 4 pair for 60 W at the PSE
- Power at PD (100m cable) 51W available at PD
- Cat5e or better cable
- UPoE, Power is proprietary, Datalink is standard Ethernet
• Cisco UPoE network switches can auto discover and provide UPoE, PoE, and PoE+
- A UPoE, PoE, and PoE+ PD can go on a UPoE Cisco Switch
- Only a PoE and PoE+ can connect to a non Cisco Switch
Cisco Proprietary UPoE
TAKE AWAY
TODAY 2 PAIR IS COVERED BY THE
STANDARD AND USE OF ALL 4 PAIR IS NOT
HIGHER THEN 30 WATTS AT THE PSE WILL
BE OR PROPRIATARY. UNTIL IEEE 802.3 BT
IS PUBLISHED
Proprietary PoE with Data
• LEDs Lighting is naturally circuited for PoE
Transformer to change
voltage from high to low
Rectifier to change form
AC to DC
Light Engine Circuit
WHAT PoE
IS
DESIGNED
FOR
• PoE has the power for LEDs Lighting
Troffers power
less then IEEE
802.3at easily
found
Downlight power
less then IEEE
802.3af and at easily
found
Wall Washers power
less then IEEE
802.3af and at easily
found
Dimmable LED Driver Circuit from
www.brighthubengineering.com
Why PoE and Lighting
2 basic PoE Topologies with Lighting Systems -Partially Distributed
-Fully Distributed • Lighting System Gateway
- Lighting gateway is a PD that communicates directly to a PSE
- The gateway will also include a splitter to separate the PoE power for non-PoE compliant devices.
- A gateway is a protocol translator taking Ethernet and protocols that ride over Ethernet and mapping it to the protocols of the lighting system
Common PoE lighting Topologies
• Groups of Lighting fixture and controls are attached to a
lighting node or controller. Lighting nodes or controllers are
attached to the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet based network.
Partially Distributed PoE Lighting
PROS and CONS
Less IPv4 address used
IT control stops at the controller
IT knowledge only required to the controller
Less points for cybersecurity
Separated by controller groups
Command and monitor of controller
Setup by controller areas
Can be wired multiple topologies from
controller to device (star, daisy-chain, T-Tap)
Larger point of failure at controller
• All Lighting fixture and controls are attached directly the IEEE
802.3 Ethernet based network.
Fully Distributed PoE Lighting
PROS and CONS
More IPv4 address used
More IT control
More IT knowledge required
More points for cybersecurity
Device separation for device
changeability
Command and monitor of individual
device
Individual device setup
Separate homerun from each device
Isolated failure to a single device
Integrated Architecture • Can use the existing Infrastructure saving
labor, cabling, and hardware
• Campus network in place
• Remote access is only a function of
routing
• Cybersecurity is a greater factor
• Network reliability based on every device,
PC, server, and system on the network
• Under the corporate IT doctrine and
management authority for protocols,
addressing and regulations
Separate Architecture • All new cabling and hardware
• Campus network not in place
• Cybersecurity not a concern
• Remote access medium and methodology
is a separate install
• Network reliability solely based on lighting
system
• Not part of the IT management of the
building
Connecting to the Buildings IT • IEEE 802.3 standards for PoE conforms with the existing IT network
architecture within any buildings or campuses.
• Building Networks are based on an Ethernet backbone and ome more
progressive Building networks are based with an PoE backbone that
opens further the possibility to interconnect the lighting system within the
buildings existing It infrastructure
• UL “list” PoE lighting equipment PDs under UL 2108
- “Standard for Low Voltage Lighting Systems”.
- “A wiring system conforming to the Standard for Ethernet, IEEE 802.3 that uses category 5 (CAT 5) or similar cables and connectors to concurrently carry power and data, with voltage and power within the class 2 limits of the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70. Also covers POE+.”
- Covers both IEEE 802.3 at and af and other proprietary PoE standards
• UL “list” PoE lighting equipment PSE under
- UL 60950-1 “Information Technology Equipment”
- UL 62368-1 “AV and Information communication equipment”
- UL 61010-2 “industrial equipment”
UL consideration of PoE Lighting
• PoE lighting power sources and circuits under article 725
- “Class1, Class 2, and Class 3 Remote-control, signaling, and power-limited circuits”.
- Article 725
• “characterized by usage and power limitations that differentiate them from electric light and power circuits”
• allowing for a vastly simplified installation
• significant reduction of the risk of injury or shock
- Limited Power Sources are covered under 715.121 which limits power listed in Chapter 9, Table 11(a) for AC and 11(b) for DC.
• power limitation of 100 VA
(NEC) Considerations PoE Lighting
• NFPA 70 (NEC) 2017 additions to cover PoE
- 725.121 (A) 4 – Power Source (for PoE that means PSEs) now extended the
former “listed information technology equipment limited power circuits” to adding
audio/video, communications, industrial equipment. This puts PoE for lighting
firmly in the 725 realm. Was some interpretation if PoE for lighting was covered
within 725 before this change
• “Informational note” - Allow UL markings for PSE devices of 62368-1 for AV and
communication equipment and 61010-2 for industrial equipment along with the more
traditional information technology power supplies of 60950-1PoE network power sources
with a UL 60950-1 “listing” added for Listed power sources
- Article 411 for Low-voltage Lighting (UL2108) was previously only 30 Volts
maximum but now lists 30 Volts AC and 60 Volts DC, except in wet conditions is
½ that. This allows PoE with a 57 Volt limit to be covered as a Low-Voltage
lighting System per Article 411.
• Previously was for the AHJ to allow PoE to a low-voltage lighting system as per the NEC
- 725.144 – Is specific to Transmission of Power and Data together (which is
PoE) and has been added that clarifies the ampacity/temp rating/size/# limits of
cables
- Always Check with your local Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)
(NEC) Changes PoE Lighting
UL consideration of PoE Lighting
TAKE AWAY
It is all low voltage under 57 Volts
which is safer then the normal 120 or
277 of Lighting fixtures and panels.
• Emergency Lighting Circuits as listed in Article 700 of NFPA70 (NEC) does not take into account PoE or IEEE 802.3 at/af standards.
- Emergency lighting circuit power source does not adapt to a PSE network switch
- Adaption may be capable with a Centralized or Decentralized PoE lighting system but would be a proprietary operation on the Lighting system side of the gateway.
• Emergency lighting direct control to Illuminaires article 700.24 needs to be “listed”
- Fixtures must be listed for use in emergency systems which in all practicality mean either UL924 or UL1008
Emergency Lighting with PoE
TAKE AWAY
The NEC dose not take into account PoE
Lighting for Emergency lighting circuits.
Emergency lighting may be separate or
the PoE lighting system may have a
proprietary solution, ASK!
Emergency Lighting with PoE
• A basis in any buildings networks physical architecture is the
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard.
- Ethernet is the predominant hardwire topology for physical and
datalink layers (OSI) model of networking.
- IEEE 802.3 forms the physical foundation that IoT protocols like
IPv6, TCP, UDP, COAP, and HTTP sit upon.
- Taking IEEE 802.3 closer to the fixture for both power and data
eliminates the hardware challenges of data exchange and puts
the data exchange fully into the software realm.
PoE the Ground work for IoT
• Today practical power application is about 25 Watts per
device but in the future up to 90 Watts is expected.
• Lighting systems using PoE can come in multiple
verities form a single PoE entry point to multiple to
every fixture.
• PoE devices claiming IEEE standard compatibility have
a discovery feature so non-PoE devices cannot be
damaged.
• Less Safety concerns with PoE by UL and NEC but no
real emergency lighting direction as of yet.
• Adopting PoE and the IEEE standards to the lighting
system opens the door wide to IoT possibilities.
Points to take away
This concludes The American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems Course
Hubbell
Lighting Inc. Scott Ziegenfus, CEM, CLEP,
CDSM, GGP, GPCP, LEED AP
Manager, Government and
Industry Relations
sziegenfus@hubbell.com
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