Exponation

AIA Provider Number: 70119700

Lighting with Power over Ethernet

(PoE), an IT Convergence LEDSSNW16-S11

Scott Ziegenfus, Hubbell Lighting Inc. 9.22.16

Credit(s) earned on completion of

this course will be reported to AIA

CES for AIA members.

Certificates of Completion for both

AIA members and non-AIA

members are available upon

request.

This course is registered with AIA

CES for continuing professional

education. As such, it does not

include content that may be

deemed or construed to be an

approval or endorsement by the

AIA of any material of construction

or any method or manner of

handling, using, distributing, or

dealing in any material or product. _______________________________________

Questions related to specific materials, methods,

and services will be addressed at the conclusion

of this presentation.

Course

Description

Learning

Objectives

● The listener will be able to understand what

the term PoE means and what it does not

mean in benefits and capabilities when

associated with a lighting systemPoE network

architecture and how it can be applied to

lighting along with NEC and UL.

● The listener will gain knowledge of IEEE

802.3 Ethernet PoE network architecture and

how it can be applied to lighting along with

NEC and UL considerations.

● The listener will acquire a good

understanding of the basic technology and

terminology of a PoE lighting infrastructure. to

move data along with power.

● The listener will understand where PoE fits

in the goals of lighting for the future in the

world if IoT.

This session will give an overview of lighting within the PoE landscape, how PoE lighting works within the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard, and some NEC and UL considerations with PoE. Finally we will discuss how PoE can lay the wired foundation of the possibilities of the Internet of Things (IoT) and where it can help take us in the future.

PoE = Power over Ethernet

• PoE is an INDUSTY TERM somewhat defined but not well

defined like food labeled “Natural”

• Generally PoE means at least

- Low voltage power over the same network type infrastructure

and on the same wires that data CAN be sent.

• A PoE application may or may not follow recognized IEEE

802.3 standards made for PoE BUT!

What is the meaning of 'natural' on the label of food?

From a food science perspective, it is difficult to define a food product that is 'natural'

because the food has probably been processed and is no longer the product of the

earth. That said, FDA has not developed a definition for use of the term natural or its

derivatives. However, the agency has not objected to the use of the term if the food

does not contain added color, artificial flavors, or synthetic substances.

http://www.fda.gov/aboutfda/transparency/basics/ucm214868.htm

• The IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard is the most common

protocol for the foundation of any wired network and PoE

is the power transport part of that network.

- PoE is NOT the data (message) or the Application

“It’s the highway not the cars”

What is PoE within a Network

Software

and

Software

Addresses

Connections

and

Hardware

Addresses

TCP/UDP

Te

lne

t

FT

P

HT

TP

=

=

IP

Eth

ern

et

Wi-F

i

AR

CN

ET

B

AC

ne

t

2 Data

1 Physical

3 Network

4 Transport

5 Session

6 Presentation

7 Application

=

= Ethernet forms the

foundation of wired

networks

The DATA and Application

That PoE is not

PoE and IEEE Standards • IEEE 802.3 defines the Ethernet standard

- Clause 33 of the IEEE 802.3 Standard defines PoE

• af- Addenda published 2003, DTE Power via MDI. (known as PoE)

• at- Addenda published 2009, DTE Power Enhancements. (Known as PoE+)

• bt-Addenda in committee, DTE Power via MDI over 4-Pair (Known as PoE++)

- Networks applying these standard are considered PoE

• Remember a system may claim PoE without applying these standards

IEEE 802.3 ETHERNET WORKING GROUP

http://www.ieee802.org/3/index.html

CLAUSE 33 in

IEEE 802.3

• Terminology

- Power Device (PD) = receives power

- Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) = supplies power

• Endpoint PSE= Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) that is located at

an endpoint

• Midspan PSE=:Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) that is located

within a link segment that is distinctly separate from and between

the endpoints

- PoE Splitter= adapter that lets non-PoE devices work in a PoE

network by pulling power to the end node but not the data

What is IEEE802.3 af (PoE) / at(PoE+)

• Power defined over 2 pair wires with 2 operation modes

- MODE A = DATA & Power same wire

- MODE B =DATA & Power separate wires

- Compatibility - PSEs may support Mode A only or Mode B only

or Modes A & B and the same goes for PDs.

• Midspan PSEs are only MODE B

IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE+) Modes

IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)

Modes in PSE and PD must be

COMPATABLE!!!

A & B

PSE

B

PD GOOD

A

PSE

A or B

PD GOOD

A

PSE

B

PD BAD

• Power Ranges

IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)

PSE Supply

Parameters Voltage Min Voltage Max Current Max at steady state Power Max

PSE Supplied af 44 V 57V 350mA 15.4W

PSE supplied at 50V 57V 600mA 30.0W

• Mid span architecture can minimizes loss

- Midspan injector can be placed in the lighting space/room/area

- DC loop resistance minimized

- This topology can be adapted to any PoE lighting architecture

- PoE injectors can be down to a single port injector

IEEE 802.3 af and at Losses

DATA Closet (IDF/MDF)

Layer 2 Network

Switch (no PoE)

Ethernet (Data Only)

100m

Wall or Ceiling rack

Ethernet w/ PoE (Data

and power)

PoE Midspan Injector

(add Power)

• Ethernet and PoE Wiring standard

-af wiring uses a listed TIA-568 Category 3 (Cat3) or

better wire.

-at wiring uses a listed TIA-568 Category 5e (Cat5e) or

better wire.

-Wiring spans maximum is 100m or 328 ft end to end

-All wires home run from any PD (endpoint) to a PSE.

-Single wire connection from any PD to a single

endpoint

IEEE 802.3 af/at Ethernet wiring

TAKE AWAY

FOLLOWS THE SAME RULES AS

STANDARD ETHERENT COPPER

WIRING.

DISTANCE / CONNECTIONS /

TOPOLOGY

*Remember the DC power losses

IEEE 802.3 af/at Ethernet wiring

• PSE Detection of PDs - At initial power up there is a detection operation for PoE so as

to not damage equipment not designed for PoE.

- PDs may show at power up a Classification signature showing

the maximum power a PD can receive but is optional.

- PD default classification for no signature is 0 being that is the

same as class 3, maximum for af.

- Classification signature is for better efficiency

IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)

PoE Power Classification for IEEE 802.3 af and IEEE 802.3 at for 2 pair cabling at only PoE Power Class 1 2 3 4 PSE MAx Power available 4.0W 7.0W 15.4W 30.0W PD Max device power 3.84W 6.49W 12.95W 25.5W

TAKE AWAY

DEVICES THAT ARE ETHERENT BUT

NOT PoE WILL NOT BE DAMAGED BY

PLUGGIN INTO A PSE DEVICE

IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)

• Energy Efficiency

• Energy Efficiency of PoE Lighting systems is dependent on 3

variables

• Electrical efficiency of PSE

• Electrical efficiency of DC‐DC conversion in Luminaire

• Electrical energy losses of cabling (distance and resistance) can

be up to 20% • Example; PSE sends maximum power at minimum voltage to PD. Using a

standard Cat5e cable with a length of 100m attains a resistance of approx.12.5 Ω

- This is a major consideration for lighting

• ANSI C137 Lighting Systems Committee is working on a standard

for cable efficiency

IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)

losses Cat5e is 15%

Loss = (600mA)2*12.5Ω = 4.50W

Power at PD = 30.0W- 4.50W = 25.50W

IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)

TAKE AWAY

Power of the Source (PSE) is not the

same level of power at the Device (PD)

Power losses to the PD is all about the

cable used and the distance run.

• NEW IEEE 802.3 bt PoE standard coming for higher power

• 2-pair systems. Compatibility with existing equipment will be

maintained (Just added to scope)

• Capability of up to 90W at the PSE.

• This is a 4 pair installation (4PPoE)

• Proposed 8 classifications

• Still in committee

More Power IEEE 802.3 bt (PoE++)

• Cisco Universal Power Over Ethernet (UPoE)

- Using all 4 pair for 60 W at the PSE

- Power at PD (100m cable) 51W available at PD

- Cat5e or better cable

- UPoE, Power is proprietary, Datalink is standard Ethernet

• Cisco UPoE network switches can auto discover and provide UPoE, PoE, and PoE+

- A UPoE, PoE, and PoE+ PD can go on a UPoE Cisco Switch

- Only a PoE and PoE+ can connect to a non Cisco Switch

Cisco Proprietary UPoE

TAKE AWAY

TODAY 2 PAIR IS COVERED BY THE

STANDARD AND USE OF ALL 4 PAIR IS NOT

HIGHER THEN 30 WATTS AT THE PSE WILL

BE OR PROPRIATARY. UNTIL IEEE 802.3 BT

IS PUBLISHED

Proprietary PoE with Data

• LEDs Lighting is naturally circuited for PoE

Transformer to change

voltage from high to low

Rectifier to change form

AC to DC

Light Engine Circuit

WHAT PoE

IS

DESIGNED

FOR

• PoE has the power for LEDs Lighting

Troffers power

less then IEEE

802.3at easily

found

Downlight power

less then IEEE

802.3af and at easily

found

Wall Washers power

less then IEEE

802.3af and at easily

found

Dimmable LED Driver Circuit from

www.brighthubengineering.com

Why PoE and Lighting

2 basic PoE Topologies with Lighting Systems -Partially Distributed

-Fully Distributed • Lighting System Gateway

- Lighting gateway is a PD that communicates directly to a PSE

- The gateway will also include a splitter to separate the PoE power for non-PoE compliant devices.

- A gateway is a protocol translator taking Ethernet and protocols that ride over Ethernet and mapping it to the protocols of the lighting system

Common PoE lighting Topologies

• Groups of Lighting fixture and controls are attached to a

lighting node or controller. Lighting nodes or controllers are

attached to the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet based network.

Partially Distributed PoE Lighting

PROS and CONS

Less IPv4 address used

IT control stops at the controller

IT knowledge only required to the controller

Less points for cybersecurity

Separated by controller groups

Command and monitor of controller

Setup by controller areas

Can be wired multiple topologies from

controller to device (star, daisy-chain, T-Tap)

Larger point of failure at controller

• All Lighting fixture and controls are attached directly the IEEE

802.3 Ethernet based network.

Fully Distributed PoE Lighting

PROS and CONS

More IPv4 address used

More IT control

More IT knowledge required

More points for cybersecurity

Device separation for device

changeability

Command and monitor of individual

device

Individual device setup

Separate homerun from each device

Isolated failure to a single device

Integrated Architecture • Can use the existing Infrastructure saving

labor, cabling, and hardware

• Campus network in place

• Remote access is only a function of

routing

• Cybersecurity is a greater factor

• Network reliability based on every device,

PC, server, and system on the network

• Under the corporate IT doctrine and

management authority for protocols,

addressing and regulations

Separate Architecture • All new cabling and hardware

• Campus network not in place

• Cybersecurity not a concern

• Remote access medium and methodology

is a separate install

• Network reliability solely based on lighting

system

• Not part of the IT management of the

building

Connecting to the Buildings IT • IEEE 802.3 standards for PoE conforms with the existing IT network

architecture within any buildings or campuses.

• Building Networks are based on an Ethernet backbone and ome more

progressive Building networks are based with an PoE backbone that

opens further the possibility to interconnect the lighting system within the

buildings existing It infrastructure

• UL “list” PoE lighting equipment PDs under UL 2108

- “Standard for Low Voltage Lighting Systems”.

- “A wiring system conforming to the Standard for Ethernet, IEEE 802.3 that uses category 5 (CAT 5) or similar cables and connectors to concurrently carry power and data, with voltage and power within the class 2 limits of the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70. Also covers POE+.”

- Covers both IEEE 802.3 at and af and other proprietary PoE standards

• UL “list” PoE lighting equipment PSE under

- UL 60950-1 “Information Technology Equipment”

- UL 62368-1 “AV and Information communication equipment”

- UL 61010-2 “industrial equipment”

UL consideration of PoE Lighting

• PoE lighting power sources and circuits under article 725

- “Class1, Class 2, and Class 3 Remote-control, signaling, and power-limited circuits”.

- Article 725

• “characterized by usage and power limitations that differentiate them from electric light and power circuits”

• allowing for a vastly simplified installation

• significant reduction of the risk of injury or shock

- Limited Power Sources are covered under 715.121 which limits power listed in Chapter 9, Table 11(a) for AC and 11(b) for DC.

• power limitation of 100 VA

(NEC) Considerations PoE Lighting

• NFPA 70 (NEC) 2017 additions to cover PoE

- 725.121 (A) 4 – Power Source (for PoE that means PSEs) now extended the

former “listed information technology equipment limited power circuits” to adding

audio/video, communications, industrial equipment. This puts PoE for lighting

firmly in the 725 realm. Was some interpretation if PoE for lighting was covered

within 725 before this change

• “Informational note” - Allow UL markings for PSE devices of 62368-1 for AV and

communication equipment and 61010-2 for industrial equipment along with the more

traditional information technology power supplies of 60950-1PoE network power sources

with a UL 60950-1 “listing” added for Listed power sources

- Article 411 for Low-voltage Lighting (UL2108) was previously only 30 Volts

maximum but now lists 30 Volts AC and 60 Volts DC, except in wet conditions is

½ that. This allows PoE with a 57 Volt limit to be covered as a Low-Voltage

lighting System per Article 411.

• Previously was for the AHJ to allow PoE to a low-voltage lighting system as per the NEC

- 725.144 – Is specific to Transmission of Power and Data together (which is

PoE) and has been added that clarifies the ampacity/temp rating/size/# limits of

cables

- Always Check with your local Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)

(NEC) Changes PoE Lighting

UL consideration of PoE Lighting

TAKE AWAY

It is all low voltage under 57 Volts

which is safer then the normal 120 or

277 of Lighting fixtures and panels.

• Emergency Lighting Circuits as listed in Article 700 of NFPA70 (NEC) does not take into account PoE or IEEE 802.3 at/af standards.

- Emergency lighting circuit power source does not adapt to a PSE network switch

- Adaption may be capable with a Centralized or Decentralized PoE lighting system but would be a proprietary operation on the Lighting system side of the gateway.

• Emergency lighting direct control to Illuminaires article 700.24 needs to be “listed”

- Fixtures must be listed for use in emergency systems which in all practicality mean either UL924 or UL1008

Emergency Lighting with PoE

TAKE AWAY

The NEC dose not take into account PoE

Lighting for Emergency lighting circuits.

Emergency lighting may be separate or

the PoE lighting system may have a

proprietary solution, ASK!

Emergency Lighting with PoE

• A basis in any buildings networks physical architecture is the

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard.

- Ethernet is the predominant hardwire topology for physical and

datalink layers (OSI) model of networking.

- IEEE 802.3 forms the physical foundation that IoT protocols like

IPv6, TCP, UDP, COAP, and HTTP sit upon.

- Taking IEEE 802.3 closer to the fixture for both power and data

eliminates the hardware challenges of data exchange and puts

the data exchange fully into the software realm.

PoE the Ground work for IoT

• Today practical power application is about 25 Watts per

device but in the future up to 90 Watts is expected.

• Lighting systems using PoE can come in multiple

verities form a single PoE entry point to multiple to

every fixture.

• PoE devices claiming IEEE standard compatibility have

a discovery feature so non-PoE devices cannot be

damaged.

• Less Safety concerns with PoE by UL and NEC but no

real emergency lighting direction as of yet.

• Adopting PoE and the IEEE standards to the lighting

system opens the door wide to IoT possibilities.

Points to take away

This concludes The American Institute of Architects

Continuing Education Systems Course

Hubbell

Lighting Inc. Scott Ziegenfus, CEM, CLEP,

CDSM, GGP, GPCP, LEED AP

Manager, Government and

Industry Relations

sziegenfus@hubbell.com