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Exploring the Religions Exploring the Religions of Our Worldof Our World
Exploring the Religions Exploring the Religions of Our Worldof Our World
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
The BasicsThe BasicsThe BasicsThe Basics
Abraham Abraham
ancestor to Jews, ancestor to Jews,
Christians, Christians,
Muslims Muslims
Abraham Abraham
ancestor to Jews, ancestor to Jews,
Christians, Christians,
Muslims Muslims
Allah Allah ““TheThe God” God”
Allah Allah ““TheThe God” God”
Islam Islam
““surrender” or surrender” or
““submission” submission”
Islam Islam
““surrender” or surrender” or
““submission” submission”
Mohammad Mohammad
God’s final God’s final
messenger messenger
Mohammad Mohammad
God’s final God’s final
messenger messenger
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
Periods of Islamic HistoryPeriods of Islamic HistoryPeriods of Islamic HistoryPeriods of Islamic History
Page 135Page 135Page 135Page 135
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
HistoryHistoryIslam has always existed, beginning with Adam the Islam has always existed, beginning with Adam the
first manfirst man
Muhammad:Muhammad:born in Mecca in about 570 CEborn in Mecca in about 570 CEfirst revelation from the Angel Gabriel who first revelation from the Angel Gabriel who instructed him to be the messenger of Allah in instructed him to be the messenger of Allah in 610610moved to Medina in 622 moved to Medina in 622 died in 632died in 632
HistoryHistoryIslam has always existed, beginning with Adam the Islam has always existed, beginning with Adam the
first manfirst man
Muhammad:Muhammad:born in Mecca in about 570 CEborn in Mecca in about 570 CEfirst revelation from the Angel Gabriel who first revelation from the Angel Gabriel who instructed him to be the messenger of Allah in instructed him to be the messenger of Allah in 610610moved to Medina in 622 moved to Medina in 622 died in 632died in 632
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
HistoryHistory (continued)(continued)The first four caliphs :The first four caliphs :
• Abu BakrAbu Bakr – first to succeed Muhammad– first to succeed Muhammad• UmarUmar – oversaw the expansion of Islam; – oversaw the expansion of Islam;
appointed a committee of six to choose his appointed a committee of six to choose his successorsuccessor
• UthmanUthman – a member of the Umayyah clan; – a member of the Umayyah clan; was instrumental in the publication and was instrumental in the publication and distribution of the Qur’andistribution of the Qur’an
• ‘‘AliAli – Muhammad’s cousin– Muhammad’s cousin
HistoryHistory (continued)(continued)The first four caliphs :The first four caliphs :
• Abu BakrAbu Bakr – first to succeed Muhammad– first to succeed Muhammad• UmarUmar – oversaw the expansion of Islam; – oversaw the expansion of Islam;
appointed a committee of six to choose his appointed a committee of six to choose his successorsuccessor
• UthmanUthman – a member of the Umayyah clan; – a member of the Umayyah clan; was instrumental in the publication and was instrumental in the publication and distribution of the Qur’andistribution of the Qur’an
• ‘‘AliAli – Muhammad’s cousin– Muhammad’s cousin
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
HistoryHistory (continued)(continued)The The SunniSunni Muslims and Muslims and Shi’ahShi’ah Muslims share Muslims share
fundamental beliefs and practices but are fundamental beliefs and practices but are divided on who is to lead Muslims – why?divided on who is to lead Muslims – why?
Chronology of the division:Chronology of the division: 1. Uthman is assassinated1. Uthman is assassinated 2. Ali succeeds him as caliph 2. Ali succeeds him as caliph 3. Uthman’s cousin Mu’awiyah is also proclaimed 3. Uthman’s cousin Mu’awiyah is also proclaimed
caliphcaliph 4. following a series of battles, an arbitrator rules 4. following a series of battles, an arbitrator rules
in favor of Mu’awiyahin favor of Mu’awiyah 5. ‘Ali is assassinated 5. ‘Ali is assassinated
HistoryHistory (continued)(continued)The The SunniSunni Muslims and Muslims and Shi’ahShi’ah Muslims share Muslims share
fundamental beliefs and practices but are fundamental beliefs and practices but are divided on who is to lead Muslims – why?divided on who is to lead Muslims – why?
Chronology of the division:Chronology of the division: 1. Uthman is assassinated1. Uthman is assassinated 2. Ali succeeds him as caliph 2. Ali succeeds him as caliph 3. Uthman’s cousin Mu’awiyah is also proclaimed 3. Uthman’s cousin Mu’awiyah is also proclaimed
caliphcaliph 4. following a series of battles, an arbitrator rules 4. following a series of battles, an arbitrator rules
in favor of Mu’awiyahin favor of Mu’awiyah 5. ‘Ali is assassinated 5. ‘Ali is assassinated
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
Chronology of division: Chronology of division: (continued)(continued)
6. when ‘Ali’s son makes a claim to leadership, he and 6. when ‘Ali’s son makes a claim to leadership, he and his family are massacredhis family are massacred
7. Shi’ah Muslims see Husayn as a martyr and remain 7. Shi’ah Muslims see Husayn as a martyr and remain loyal to his familyloyal to his family
8. The Sunni (the majority) accept the rule of the 8. The Sunni (the majority) accept the rule of the UmayyadsUmayyads
9. the Sunni support a 9. the Sunni support a caliphatecaliphate and call their leaders and call their leaders caliphcaliph
10. the Shi’ah support an 10. the Shi’ah support an imamateimamate and call their leaders and call their leaders ImamImam
Chronology of division: Chronology of division: (continued)(continued)
6. when ‘Ali’s son makes a claim to leadership, he and 6. when ‘Ali’s son makes a claim to leadership, he and his family are massacredhis family are massacred
7. Shi’ah Muslims see Husayn as a martyr and remain 7. Shi’ah Muslims see Husayn as a martyr and remain loyal to his familyloyal to his family
8. The Sunni (the majority) accept the rule of the 8. The Sunni (the majority) accept the rule of the UmayyadsUmayyads
9. the Sunni support a 9. the Sunni support a caliphatecaliphate and call their leaders and call their leaders caliphcaliph
10. the Shi’ah support an 10. the Shi’ah support an imamateimamate and call their leaders and call their leaders ImamImam
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
HistoryHistory (continued)(continued)
Historical centers of Islam:Historical centers of Islam: Medina, Saudi ArabiaMedina, Saudi Arabia Kufah, IraqKufah, Iraq Damascus, SyriaDamascus, Syria Baghdad, IraqBaghdad, Iraq
HistoryHistory (continued)(continued)
Historical centers of Islam:Historical centers of Islam: Medina, Saudi ArabiaMedina, Saudi Arabia Kufah, IraqKufah, Iraq Damascus, SyriaDamascus, Syria Baghdad, IraqBaghdad, Iraq
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
Philosophy
Philosophy
Philosophy
Philosophy
Engineering
Engineering
Engineering
Engineering
Geo
grap
hy
Geo
grap
hy
Geo
grap
hy
Geo
grap
hy
Astronomy
Astronomy
Astronomy
Astronomy
Mathematics
Mathematics
Mathematics
Mathematics
Chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry
Medicine
Medicine
Medicine
Medicine
Literature
Literature
Literature
Literature
History History (continued)(continued)
Muslim scholarship sought to reconcile reason and faith Muslim scholarship sought to reconcile reason and faith which led to advances in:which led to advances in:
History History (continued)(continued)
Muslim scholarship sought to reconcile reason and faith Muslim scholarship sought to reconcile reason and faith which led to advances in:which led to advances in:
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
History History (continued) (continued) The Nation of IslamThe Nation of IslamW.D. Fard MuhammadW.D. Fard Muhammad – African-American who spoke against – African-American who spoke against
Christianity as a white man’s religion and called for the Christianity as a white man’s religion and called for the establishment of a separate, African-American homelandestablishment of a separate, African-American homeland
Elijah MuhammadElijah Muhammad – continued Fard’s message when he succeeded – continued Fard’s message when he succeeded him, expanding the Nation of Islam to other citieshim, expanding the Nation of Islam to other cities
Malcom XMalcom X – leader in New York who challenged Elijah – leader in New York who challenged Elijah Muhammad’s leadership and message before being Muhammad’s leadership and message before being assassinated by rivals in 1965assassinated by rivals in 1965
Warith Din MuhammadWarith Din Muhammad – Elijah Muhammad’s son who succeeded – Elijah Muhammad’s son who succeeded in bringing most of the Nation of Islam into union with Sunni in bringing most of the Nation of Islam into union with Sunni IslamIslam
Louis FarrakhanLouis Farrakhan – led members of the Nation of Islam who – led members of the Nation of Islam who opposed the more integrated ideology of Warith Din opposed the more integrated ideology of Warith Din MuhammadMuhammad
History History (continued) (continued) The Nation of IslamThe Nation of IslamW.D. Fard MuhammadW.D. Fard Muhammad – African-American who spoke against – African-American who spoke against
Christianity as a white man’s religion and called for the Christianity as a white man’s religion and called for the establishment of a separate, African-American homelandestablishment of a separate, African-American homeland
Elijah MuhammadElijah Muhammad – continued Fard’s message when he succeeded – continued Fard’s message when he succeeded him, expanding the Nation of Islam to other citieshim, expanding the Nation of Islam to other cities
Malcom XMalcom X – leader in New York who challenged Elijah – leader in New York who challenged Elijah Muhammad’s leadership and message before being Muhammad’s leadership and message before being assassinated by rivals in 1965assassinated by rivals in 1965
Warith Din MuhammadWarith Din Muhammad – Elijah Muhammad’s son who succeeded – Elijah Muhammad’s son who succeeded in bringing most of the Nation of Islam into union with Sunni in bringing most of the Nation of Islam into union with Sunni IslamIslam
Louis FarrakhanLouis Farrakhan – led members of the Nation of Islam who – led members of the Nation of Islam who opposed the more integrated ideology of Warith Din opposed the more integrated ideology of Warith Din MuhammadMuhammad
Qur’anQur’anQur’anQur’an
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
Sacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures
most sacred book for Muslimsmost sacred book for Muslims a collection of the revelations a collection of the revelations
Muhammad received directly from Muhammad received directly from GodGod
contains God’s infallible words, contains God’s infallible words, uncorrupted by human interventionuncorrupted by human intervention
literally means “recitation”literally means “recitation” divided into 144 divided into 144 surahssurahs
most sacred book for Muslimsmost sacred book for Muslims a collection of the revelations a collection of the revelations
Muhammad received directly from Muhammad received directly from GodGod
contains God’s infallible words, contains God’s infallible words, uncorrupted by human interventionuncorrupted by human intervention
literally means “recitation”literally means “recitation” divided into 144 divided into 144 surahssurahs
Qur’anQur’an(Koran)(Koran)Qur’anQur’an(Koran)(Koran)
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
Sacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures (continued)(continued)Sacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures (continued)(continued)
second authentic source of authority second authentic source of authority for Muslimsfor Muslims
contains Muhammad’s words and contains Muhammad’s words and deeds as well as what he approved deeds as well as what he approved and prohibited and prohibited
it is Muhammad’s way of lifeit is Muhammad’s way of life it goes hand in hand with the it goes hand in hand with the
Qur’an because one needs to fully Qur’an because one needs to fully understand and live as a Muslimunderstand and live as a Muslim
second authentic source of authority second authentic source of authority for Muslimsfor Muslims
contains Muhammad’s words and contains Muhammad’s words and deeds as well as what he approved deeds as well as what he approved and prohibited and prohibited
it is Muhammad’s way of lifeit is Muhammad’s way of life it goes hand in hand with the it goes hand in hand with the
Qur’an because one needs to fully Qur’an because one needs to fully understand and live as a Muslimunderstand and live as a Muslim
Qur’anQur’anQur’anQur’anSunnahSunnahSunnahSunnah
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices
Belief in one God is the central belief of MuslimsBelief in one God is the central belief of Muslims
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices
Belief in one God is the central belief of MuslimsBelief in one God is the central belief of Muslims
La ilaha ilia AllahLa ilaha ilia Allahwa Muhammadun rasul Allahwa Muhammadun rasul Allah
There is no god but God,There is no god but God,Muhammad is the Messenger of God.Muhammad is the Messenger of God.
La ilaha ilia AllahLa ilaha ilia Allahwa Muhammadun rasul Allahwa Muhammadun rasul Allah
There is no god but God,There is no god but God,Muhammad is the Messenger of God.Muhammad is the Messenger of God.
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)
Core Tenets Core Tenets
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)
Core Tenets Core Tenets
God is the creator God is the creator
and sustainer and sustainer
of the universeof the universe
God is the creator God is the creator
and sustainer and sustainer
of the universeof the universe
God is all-: loving, God is all-: loving,
powerful, knowing, powerful, knowing,
merciful, presentmerciful, present
God is all-: loving, God is all-: loving,
powerful, knowing, powerful, knowing,
merciful, presentmerciful, present
God gives life andGod gives life and
takes life awaytakes life away
God gives life andGod gives life and
takes life awaytakes life away
God is the judge of all andGod is the judge of all and
determines who will spenddetermines who will spend
eternity in heaven or helleternity in heaven or hell
God is the judge of all andGod is the judge of all and
determines who will spenddetermines who will spend
eternity in heaven or helleternity in heaven or hell
God is very involved as aGod is very involved as a
guide in human affairsguide in human affairs
God is very involved as aGod is very involved as a
guide in human affairsguide in human affairs
Divine providenceDivine providenceDivine providenceDivine providence
Free will is an integralFree will is an integral
part of being humanpart of being human
Free will is an integralFree will is an integral
part of being humanpart of being human
Muhammad is theMuhammad is the
““Messenger of God”Messenger of God”
Muhammad is theMuhammad is the
““Messenger of God”Messenger of God”
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
TheTheChristianChristian
BibleBible
TheTheChristianChristian
BibleBible
Qur’anQur’anQur’anQur’anQur’anQur’anQur’anQur’an
Beliefs and Practices Beliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)Biblical prophets mentioned in the Qur’an: Biblical prophets mentioned in the Qur’an:
Adam Adam NoahNoah
AbrahamAbraham MosesMoses
AaronAaron Jacob and his Jacob and his
sons sons JobJob JesusJesus
Beliefs and Practices Beliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)Biblical prophets mentioned in the Qur’an: Biblical prophets mentioned in the Qur’an:
Adam Adam NoahNoah
AbrahamAbraham MosesMoses
AaronAaron Jacob and his Jacob and his
sons sons JobJob JesusJesus
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamS
hah
adah
Sh
ahad
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Wit
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sin
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Wit
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sin
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God
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no
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, M
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Mu
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(P
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Pra
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fiv
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dai
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(A
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Alm
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Ram
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Pil
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Mec
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to M
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Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)
The Five Pillars of IslamThe Five Pillars of Islam
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)
The Five Pillars of IslamThe Five Pillars of Islam
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
Sacred TimesSacred TimesSacred TimesSacred Timesprayer 5prayer 5
times eachtimes eachdayday
prayer 5prayer 5times eachtimes each
dayday
Eid al-Fitr Eid al-Fitr
(Festival of (Festival of
Breaking Breaking
the Fast)the Fast)
Eid al-Fitr Eid al-Fitr
(Festival of (Festival of
Breaking Breaking
the Fast)the Fast)
Eid al-Adha Eid al-Adha
(Festival of (Festival of
Sacrifice)Sacrifice)
Eid al-Adha Eid al-Adha
(Festival of (Festival of
Sacrifice)Sacrifice)
AshuraAshura
(recalls(recalls
the Exodusthe Exodus
from Egypt)from Egypt)
AshuraAshura
(recalls(recalls
the Exodusthe Exodus
from Egypt)from Egypt)
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
Sacred Places and Sacred SpacesSacred Places and Sacred SpacesMosque (Mosque (MasjidMasjid ) ) - a place of public worship- a place of public worshipMecca, Saudi ArabiaMecca, Saudi Arabia – the holiest city in Islam; – the holiest city in Islam;
birthplace of Muhammad and site of his first birthplace of Muhammad and site of his first revelationsrevelations
Medina, Saudi ArabiaMedina, Saudi Arabia – second holiest city; place to – second holiest city; place to which Muhammad immigratedwhich Muhammad immigrated
Jerusalem, IsraelJerusalem, Israel – the place of Muhammad’s “Night – the place of Muhammad’s “Night Journey”; place he ascended into heavenJourney”; place he ascended into heaven
Karbala, IraqKarbala, Iraq – the site of the massacre of the ‘Ali and – the site of the massacre of the ‘Ali and his companions and familyhis companions and family
Sacred Places and Sacred SpacesSacred Places and Sacred SpacesMosque (Mosque (MasjidMasjid ) ) - a place of public worship- a place of public worshipMecca, Saudi ArabiaMecca, Saudi Arabia – the holiest city in Islam; – the holiest city in Islam;
birthplace of Muhammad and site of his first birthplace of Muhammad and site of his first revelationsrevelations
Medina, Saudi ArabiaMedina, Saudi Arabia – second holiest city; place to – second holiest city; place to which Muhammad immigratedwhich Muhammad immigrated
Jerusalem, IsraelJerusalem, Israel – the place of Muhammad’s “Night – the place of Muhammad’s “Night Journey”; place he ascended into heavenJourney”; place he ascended into heaven
Karbala, IraqKarbala, Iraq – the site of the massacre of the ‘Ali and – the site of the massacre of the ‘Ali and his companions and familyhis companions and family
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
Islam Through a Catholic LensIslam Through a Catholic Lens
Similarities between Muslims and CatholicsSimilarities between Muslims and Catholics• The worship of the one GodThe worship of the one God• The understanding of God as: living, subsistent, merciful, The understanding of God as: living, subsistent, merciful,
almighty, Creatoralmighty, Creator• The desire to submit to God’s decrees The desire to submit to God’s decrees • The veneration of Jesus as a prophetThe veneration of Jesus as a prophet• The invocation of the Virgin MaryThe invocation of the Virgin Mary• The anticipation of the Day of JudgmentThe anticipation of the Day of Judgment• The centrality of Family lifeThe centrality of Family life• Social concerns: prejudice, poverty, environmentSocial concerns: prejudice, poverty, environment
Islam Through a Catholic LensIslam Through a Catholic Lens
Similarities between Muslims and CatholicsSimilarities between Muslims and Catholics• The worship of the one GodThe worship of the one God• The understanding of God as: living, subsistent, merciful, The understanding of God as: living, subsistent, merciful,
almighty, Creatoralmighty, Creator• The desire to submit to God’s decrees The desire to submit to God’s decrees • The veneration of Jesus as a prophetThe veneration of Jesus as a prophet• The invocation of the Virgin MaryThe invocation of the Virgin Mary• The anticipation of the Day of JudgmentThe anticipation of the Day of Judgment• The centrality of Family lifeThe centrality of Family life• Social concerns: prejudice, poverty, environmentSocial concerns: prejudice, poverty, environment
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
Islam Through a Catholic LensIslam Through a Catholic Lens (continued)(continued)
Major Major DifferencesDifferences between Muslims and Catholics between Muslims and Catholics• Muslims do not believe in doctrine of the Holy Muslims do not believe in doctrine of the Holy
Trinity Trinity • Muslims do not acknowledge Jesus’ divinityMuslims do not acknowledge Jesus’ divinity• Muslims do not believe Jesus suffered a Muslims do not believe Jesus suffered a
human death by crucifixionhuman death by crucifixion
Islam Through a Catholic LensIslam Through a Catholic Lens (continued)(continued)
Major Major DifferencesDifferences between Muslims and Catholics between Muslims and Catholics• Muslims do not believe in doctrine of the Holy Muslims do not believe in doctrine of the Holy
Trinity Trinity • Muslims do not acknowledge Jesus’ divinityMuslims do not acknowledge Jesus’ divinity• Muslims do not believe Jesus suffered a Muslims do not believe Jesus suffered a
human death by crucifixionhuman death by crucifixion
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslamChapter 4 Chapter 4 IslamIslam
IslamIslam MuslimMuslim AllahAllah Ka’bahKa’bah HijrahHijrah CaliphsCaliphs Qur’anQur’an ImamImam CalligraphyCalligraphy
IslamIslam MuslimMuslim AllahAllah Ka’bahKa’bah HijrahHijrah CaliphsCaliphs Qur’anQur’an ImamImam CalligraphyCalligraphy
SurahsSurahs hafiz hafiz HadithHadith Five pillarsFive pillars ShahadahShahadah MuezzinMuezzin SalahSalah WuduWudu
SurahsSurahs hafiz hafiz HadithHadith Five pillarsFive pillars ShahadahShahadah MuezzinMuezzin SalahSalah WuduWudu
ZakahZakah SawmSawm RamadanRamadan HajjHajj UlamaUlama MosqueMosque AdanAdan
ZakahZakah SawmSawm RamadanRamadan HajjHajj UlamaUlama MosqueMosque AdanAdan
VocabularyVocabularyVocabularyVocabulary
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