RELIGIONS OF SOUTH AND EAST ASIA

ISLAM

ISLAM

What do we remember about Islam?

OVERVIEW OF ISLAM

• Founded by Muhammad wanting to spread the message of monotheism. • Qur’an = sacred text• Name for God = Allah• Country of Origin • Founder• Beliefs = • 5 Pillars of Faith

5 PILLARS OF ISLAM

HINDUISM

HINDUISMONE OF THE OLDEST RELIGIONS

• No single founder, but was mixed in India around 1500 BC• Hindus believe in one unifying spirit = Brahman• Who can manifest in many forms• Or in one

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• More of a system of living than a set of beliefs• Belief in reincarnation• But how the person lives depicts how the soul moves up or

down in the next life

• Obey the law of Karma• Karma is the sum of all your deeds• The Good are following Dharma

• Beliefs are recorded in a number of sacred texts:• Vedas: Bodies of knowledge• Upanishads: basic philosophical framework of Hinduism• Code of Manu: Accepted as the most complete expression of

sacred law• Ramayana is a creation story

The caste system (outlawed since 1948) was an important part of Hinduism. Castes are social classes into which a person is born and lives their entire life. If a person has a good karma they may be reincarnated into a higher caste.

This life Next life

Born intoA caste

Good Karma

Bad Karma

Higher caste

Lower caste

The caste system separated Indian society into distinct social classes in which everyone knew their place and believed that if they followed the dharma of their caste, they would be reincarnated into a better caste.

Brahmin

Kshatriya

Vaisya

Sudra

Untouchables

COMMON BELIEFS

• Mythology is a large part of the religion• Varies from area to area

• Common belief among the different beliefs• Karma• Concept of dharma• Reincarnation

• Brahman:• Believe in many gods• Brahma the creator: 4 faces to symbolize 4 Vedas• Siva the destroyer• Vishnu the Preserver: symbols of power and greatness

WORK SESSION

• You will begin to create a “Religions of SE Asia” book• For each of the religions follow the instructions written within the packet you receive.• Create beyond the packet in which you are given. They’re more like guidelines anyways• Exceed the expectations.• Do More• Etc.

• By the end of today, you should have Islam and Hinduism filled out.

BUDDHISM

BUDDHISM IS….

• A religion• AND philosophy• It encompasses a

variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, that are largely based on the teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama.

BUDDHISM

• Began in Northeastern India. • And is based on the teachings

of Siddhartha Gautama• AKA: Buddha• He is a teacher not a ‘god’

• It is about 2500 years old• And spread through cultural

diffusion to E. Asia, China, Thailand, Korea and Japan

• And is based upon suffering and the need to get rid of it• The goal: Achieve Nirvana

THE BUDDHA

• Lived and taught in NE India between the 6th and 4th centuries BC.

• Recognized by Buddhists as an enlightened teacher who shared insights to help other end dukkha, achieve nirvana, and escape the cycle of rebirth

Buddhism is based on the Four Noble Truths.

1. All life is suffering.

* Suffering Exists

2. Suffering is caused by desire for things that are illusions.

* There is a cause for it

3. The way to eliminate suffering is to eliminate desire.

* There is an end

4. Following the Eightfold path will help people to overcome desire.

* In order to end it follow the path

• Buddhist do not believe in god(s).• Stupa/Pagoda is to

Buddhists, as Mosques is to Muslims• “Dukkha” =

Suffering• They believe that

you are continually reborn until you reach nirvana• Sounds familiar

right?

FACTS ABOUT BUDDHISM1. Buddhists go to temple, not at a

special time or day, but when they can.

2. It is common for Buddhists to go on a full moon day.

3. A Buddhist temple is called Vihara and is a place for education. In a temple, you will find a shrine room with a large Buddha and statues of his disciples. You will also find relics and manuscripts. There is also a lecture room, meditation room and a library.

1. Usually light incense and candles when reciting verses

4. Shoes are removed before entering a temple for respect for Buddha.

5. Buddha is known as a teacher not a god.6. Flowers and food are placed on the front of the Buddhist Statue. The flowers are to remind the person that they will not live forever.7. The food is given to the Monks since they own nothing of their own and Buddhists feel that giving food will help them reach Nirvana8. The following principles are said to help Buddhists to act well:

1. Not to hurt living things, 2. Do not take advantage of what is not there 3. Use senses correctly, 4. Speak kindly5. Do not take or use drugs or alcohol.

1. Wisdom2. Morality3. Meditation

2

1

3

Buddhism like Hinduism:

Reincarnation

Karma

Dharma

But not

Caste system

Hindu gods

Hindu priesthood

Buddhism has much in common with Hinduism, but important differences.

WORK SESSION

• You will begin to create a “Religions of SE Asia” book• For each of the religions follow the instructions written within the packet you receive.• Create beyond the packet in which you are given. They’re more like guidelines anyways• Exceed the expectations.• Do More• Etc.

• By the end of today, you should have Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism filled out

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SHINTOISM

• Was actually formed around 500 BC in Japan• Their followers consist of about 3

million people• And it’s considered a polytheistic

religion• Even though it’s not really a religion • But more of spirit worship of ancestors

and the like

• The Kojiki, The Nihongi are texts that are used quite often.• It’s not an official text

• No one knows who founded it, but it is uniquely Japanese

• Shrines are places of worship and the homes of kami• Men and women can

become priests• They live on shrine

grounds• Can marry and have

children (what is the different than?)

• There are no absolutes in Shinto• Meaning: No one is perfect• It is an Optimistic faith

SOME KAMI

KAMI AND THE LIKE

• Kami are spirits• Which are also in nature, and geographical regions• They are no all-powerful beings• Can take human form

• Shinto’s understand that they are supposed to have a balance between nature and other human beings

WHAT YOU DEFINITELY NEED TO KNOW

• Is a form of Traditional Worship• Though it has no holy or sacred book• Or god(s)

• Founded in Japan• And their beliefs are:• Kami• Torii

CONFUCIANISM

CONFUSCIANISM

• Named for a man: Confucius. • He lived in China around 551 BC and was

considered the most learned (or educated) man in his lifetime• He was the first Private Teacher in China.

• Not really a religion, but rather a code of ethics (or philosophy)

Confucius

• Founder was Kong Qiu, but later became Confucius in the 16th century by Jesuit Missionaries• Traveled to various regions to teach with a small

group of disciples• But viewed himself as a failure• And it was only until after his death that Confucianism

became more known

• Beliefs: • Li: includes ritual, propriety, etiquette, etc.• Hsiao: love within the family: love of parents for their

children and of children for their parents• Yi: righteousness• Xin: honesty and trustworthiness• Jen: benevolence, humaneness towards others; the highest Confucian virtue• Chung: loyalty to the state, etc

• Taught 5 Relationships

5 RELATIONSHIPS

• Love between Father and Son• Honor your father – Submit to your parents even if they are

wrong

• Duty between Rule and Subject• Chun-tzu is moral and fair and leads by example. Followers

are filial

• Distinction between husband and wife• Wives much be ‘complacent’ or content and comfortable

with obligations to husband. So…Husband = head of house

• Precedence of the old over the young• The older are greatly respected ancestors are worshiped.

They have more wisdom that was acquired through life.

• Faith between friends• Only one that does not demonstrate superior-to-

subordinate• Both parties are equal and must maintain balance

• “Do not do unto other what you would not want them to do to you.”• Meaning….?

• Children are taught to respect and listen to their parents and other elders (grandparents, older persons, etc.).• They are also taught to learn from everyone they encounter

• Stated:• “Heaven and afterlife were beyond human capacity to

understand, and one should therefore concentrate instead on doing the right thing in his life.”

WHAT YOU NEED TO DEFINITELY NEED TO KNOW

• It’s not an actual religion• So because it’s not a religion it doesn’t have

what?• It’s founder is Confucius • Who lived in China• Main beliefs would be:• Government & Social order• Peace

WORK SESSION

WORK SESSION

• You will begin to create a “Religions of SE Asia” book• For each of the religions follow the instructions

written within the packet you receive.• Create beyond the packet in which you are given.

They’re more like guidelines anyways• Exceed the expectations.• Do More• Etc.

• By the end of today, you should have Islam, Confucianism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Shintoism filled out

• If you are completely finished turn them in. If you would like to work and tweak things they are due Monday (3/17)

IDEAS

• Larger book• Cookbook• Poster• Pictures• Written piece• Skit• Commercials

• Prezi• PowerPoint• Newspaper• Magazine

WHAT YOU SHOULD HAVEFILLED OUT IN YOUR CHART

  Islam Hinduism Buddhism Shintoism

Confucianism

Type of Religion

Monotheism

Polytheism Atheistic Spirit Worship

Atheistic

Holy Books

“Sacred Text”

Koran Vedas None None None

Name For God

Allah BrahmaVishnuShiva *

None None none

Country of

Origin

Saudi Arabia

India India Japan China

Founder Muhammad Unknown Siddhartha Gautama

Unknown Confucius

Beliefs 5 pillars of Faith

Reincarnation Reincarnation Kami tori Government and Social (Society)

order peace