Exploration a nd Expansion

Explorationand

Expansion

13th Century

Marco Polo traveled to China

Motives “Gold, glory, and God”

Religious zeal (spreading Christianity) Adventure Riches

Portugal 1420 Prince Henry the

Navigator 1488 Bartholomeu Dias

rounded the Cape of Good Hope

1498 Vasco da Gama reached India by sailing around Africa

1500 Pedro Alvares reached Brazil, claimed it for Portugal

Brazil

Spain Christopher Columbus believed he

could reach Asia (Indies) by sailing west

Treaty of Tordesillas

1494 Line of Demarcation

North/South separated unexplored lands between Spain and Portugal

1501

Amerigo Vespucci

Balboa Discovered the Pacific Ocean

Magellan

First to circumnavigate the world

(left) Ferdinand Magellan, (right) Discovery of Magellan Strait by an unknown artist

Conquistadors Spanish soldiers, explorers, and

fortune hunters

Cortes Cortes conquered the Aztecs and

their King Montezuma II (1521)

Spanish advantages

Superior weapons Help of various native

groups disease

Defeat of Inca Pizarro and

about 200 Conquistadors defeated Inca with a force of 30,000 led by Atahualpa

Mestizo

Mixed Spanish and Native American descent

The Columbian Exchange

Exploration and Expansion•13th Century Marco Polo traveled to China•East (Asia) expensive spices which were needed to preserve and flavor foodMotives- Religious zeal (spread Christianity), riches and adventure•“God, glory, and gold”Portugal•1420 Portugal Prince Henry the navigator•1488 Bartholomeu dias rounded the cape of Good Hope•1498 Vasco da Gama reached India (spices) by sailing around Africa•1500 Alvares reached Brazil claimed it for PortugalSpain Christopher Columbus (Italian) believed he could reach Asia by sailing west The islands he explored he called the Indies•Line of Demarcation- (1494) Treaty of Tordesillas ran North- South •separating unexplored lands between Spain and Portugal•John Cabot explored New England coastline for England•Amerigo Vespucci-Traveled coast of South America, He claimed (in letters) this was not Asia but a New World. The land was named after him, America