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6-1ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.February 27, 2009Inventory #002665
Chapter 6
Explicit Dynamics:Meshing
ANSYS Explicit Dynamics
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Training ManualWhat is required of Meshes for Explicit Applications?
Uniform element size (in finest zoned regions)
Smallest element size controls the time step used to advance thesolution in time
Explici t analyses compute dynamic stress waves that propagate
throughout the entire mesh
Element size controlled by the user throughout the mesh
Not automatically dependent on geometry
Implic it analyses usually have static region of stress concentration wheremesh is refined (strongly dependent on geometry)
In explici t analyses, the location of regions of high stress constantly changeas stress waves propagate through the mesh
Mesh refinement is usually used to improve efficiency
Mesh transitions should be smooth for maximum accuracy
Hex-dominant meshing preferred
More efficient
Sometimes more accurate for slower t ransients
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Training ManualMesh
Right-click Mesh in the Outl ine Tree to:
Insert
Method
Sizing
Contact Sizing Refinement
Mapped Face Meshing
Match Control
Pinch Inflation
Update
Generate Mesh
Preview Surface Mesh
Show Sweepable Bodies
Preview Inflation
Clean
Rename
Important for Explic it
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Training ManualMeshing Methods
Solid Bodies Automatic
Tetrahedron
Hex Dominant
Sweep
Multizone
CFX-Mesh
Surface Bodies (Shells) Quadrilateral Dominant
Triangles
Uniform Quad / Tri Uniform Quad
Line Bodies (Beams)
Automatic
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Training Manual
Tetrahedrons
Advantages
An arbitrary volume can always be filled
with tetrahedra
Can be generated quickly, automatically,
and for complicated geometry
Disadvantages
Element and node counts are higher than
for a hex mesh with a similar mesh density
Generally not possible to align the cells
with a flow direction
Not well suited for thin solids or annuli due
to non-isotropy of geometry and nature ofelement
Meshing Methods Solid Bodies
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Training ManualMeshing Methods Solid Bodies
Tetrahedrons - Patch Conforming
Default Tetrahedron Mesher
All Faces, Edges, Vertices of the
geometry are respected during meshgeneration
Delaunay Method
Not good for Explicit Dynamics
Curves in Geometry are Reflected in the Mesh
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Training ManualMeshing Methods Solid Bodies
Tetrahedrons - Patch Independent
Recommended Tet mesher for Explicit
Faces, Edges, Vertices not always respected
Octree Method
Element size Defined By
Maximum Element Size
Approx. number of Elements
Curves in Geometry NOT reflected in the Mesh
Max. Element Size = 2.5 mm Max. Element Size = 1.0 mm
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Training Manual
Hex Dominant Useful for meshing bodies that cannot be swept
Recommended for meshing bodies with large interior
volumes
The hex-dominant meshing algorithm creates a quad-
dominant surface mesh first, then pyramid and
tetrahedral elements are filled in as needed
Always check interior of mesh for good element structure
Control Messages will appear to warn you if volume may
not be suitable for hex-dominant meshing
Solid Model with Hex dominant mesh :
Tetrahedrons 443 (9%)
Hexahedron 2801(62%)
Wedge 124 (2%)
Pyramid 1107 (24%)
Meshing Solid Bodies
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Training ManualMeshing Methods Solid Bodies
Hex Dominant Sometimes produces a better (more uniform) mesh if a size control is
placed on one or more edges / surfaces of a body
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Training ManualMesh Methods - Sweeping
Sweep
Sweeping from a single source face to a single target face
Thin Sweep Good at handling multiple sources and targets for thin parts
Multizone
Uses a free decomposition approach
Attempts to automatically slice geometry into
sweepable regions
Supports multi-source and multi-target
Sweep methods for generating pure hex meshes
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Training ManualMeshing Methods Sweeping
Multizone Direct decomposition of complex geometries at the time of meshing to
create a hex mesh
Select source andtarget surfaces forthe Multizone sweepmesher
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Training ManualSweep vs. Thin Sweep
Use Sweep When: The side faces are not thin
You only have 1 source and 1target
The sweep direction changesalong the path
Use Thin Sweep When: The side faces are thin
In general, thin means that theside faces are small in relation to
the source faces (aspect ratio ofsides/sources is ~ 1/5th)
You only have multiple sourcesand targets
Path is linear
Sweep
Thin Sweep
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Training ManualSweep vs. MultiZone
Use Sweep when you have a multibody part where some bodies should bemeshed with Sweep, and some with Patch Conforming Tet
Preview Sweepable Bodies shows all bodies that are sweepable
Use MultiZone when
you are meshing single body parts that are too complicated for Sweep
you have multiple sources and targets you need to respect
Example:
Using Sweep, the single body part (left) must be manually sliced into a Multibody part
containing five bodies (center) to obtain a pure hex mesh (right) With Multizone, it is meshed automatically!
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Training ManualThin Sweep vs. MultiZone
Use Thin Sweep when you have a thin solid part where the source and target facesdont exactly match, and you dont care about the features on the target side
Multiple source Multiple target
Multiple sources captured Multiple targets ignored
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Training ManualThin Sweep vs. MultiZone
Use MultiZone when you have a thin solid part where the source and target faces dontexactly match, and you care about the features on both sides
Multiple source Multiple target
Multiple sources captured Multiple targets captured
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Training ManualMeshing Methods - Solid Bodies
This is the default Method for Explicit Ensures that preferred Hex meshes are generated whenever bodies can be
swept
If any bodies are not swept, the tetrahedron meshes generated for these bodies
should be remeshed by inserting a method that generates a Patch IndependentTet. mesh for those bodies
Automatic (Patch Conforming/Sweeping) Sweepable bodies are automatically swept
If a solid body cannot be swept it will be meshed using the Patch
Conforming Tetrahedron mesher
E li i D i M hi
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Training ManualMeshing Methods Surface Bodies (Shells)
Quad Dominant Triangles Uniform Quad / Tri(not recommended for explicit)
Use sizing controls to obtain uniform element size
E li it D i M hi
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Training ManualMeshing Line Bodies (Beams)
Method is Automatic
Cross-section is
assigned
Can be visualized as
line segments or
showing cross-section
Use sizing controls to
obtain uniform
element size
E li it D i M hi
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Training ManualMesh Sizing
Sizing can be applied to Body
Face
Edge
Vertex
Three options
Element Size (Body, Face, Edge)
Number of Divisions (Edge)
Sphere of Influence (Body, Face, Edge, Vertex)
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Training Manual
Element Size Element Size specifies average element edge length for bodies,
faces or edges
Often will also improves mesh quality
Mesh Sizing
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Training Manual
Number of Divisions Specifies number of elements on
edge(s) of bodies or faces
Bias Type
Edge is discretized to include a bias
towards one end, both ends, or the
center
Bias Factoris ratio of largest element
size to smallest element size
Effect of the Bias Factor is displayed
Mesh Sizing
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Training Manual
Number of Divisions Behavior
Soft (default)
Size control and Number of Divisions used is controlled by the
meshing algorithmAffected by proximity, curvature and local re-meshing
during the meshing process
Hard
Specified Number of Divisions is fixed and cannot be changed
by the meshing algorithm
Increases likelihood of mesh generation failure
Can have positive or negative effects on mesh quality
Soft HardNo Edge
Sizing
Mesh Sizing
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Training Manual
Sphere of Influence Elements associated with the scoped entities, that are within the
Sphere Radius have the specified Element Size
Vertex Sizing
Body Sizing
For any entity other than a
vertex, the definition of a
Sphere of Influence
requires that a Coordinate
System be defined to set
the center of the Sphere
Vertex is the center of
the sphere
Vertex sizing is appliedto all entities
Mesh Sizing
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Training Manual
Sphere of Influence Elements associated with the scoped entities, that are within the
Sphere Radius have the specified Element Size
Surface meshing
identical
Interior meshing
different
Scoped to 1 Face Scoped to 2 Faces
Scoped to 3 Faces Scoped to 1 Body
Mesh Sizing
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Training ManualDefeaturing
Defeaturing reduces the influence that geometric
features have on the meshing process
Avoids generating small elements that may force explicitcalculations to run with a small time step
Two Meshing options are available for Defeaturing
Virtual topology
Defeaturing tolerance Can only be used with for Patch Independent Tetrahedral
meshes
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Training ManualDefeaturing
Virtual TopologyDefault Mesh
Small feature controls smallest
element size and mesh type
Create a virtual face
from small feature
and larger bodyMesh is now uniform Hex
Feature is simply meshed over
Element size significantly improved
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p y g
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Training ManualDefeaturing
Virtual Cell
Virtual Topology & CAD
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Training ManualDefeaturing
Defeaturing Tolerance
Only for Patch Independent Tetrahedrons
Without Defeaturing Tolerance
With Defeaturing Tolerance
mesh ignores small feature
Much better element size
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Training ManualDM (DesignModeler) and Meshing
Bodies and Parts
Design-Modeler contains three different body types:
Solid body: Body has surface area and volume
Surface body: Body has surface area but no
volume
Line body: Body consists entirely of edges, no
area, no volume
By default, DM places each body into one part by itself
Individual parts will always be meshed separately
If bodies in separate parts share faces, the meshes
on those shared faces will not be matched
Multiple bodies in a single part will have matched
meshes on shared faces
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Training Manual
Example:
In DM: 1 part, 1 body consisting of
1 solid
During Meshing: 1 solid ,1body
Entire solid meshed as one entity
No internal surfaces
DM
Mesh
DM and Meshing Bodies and Parts
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Example:
In DM: 3 parts, 3 bodies consisting of 3
solids
During Meshing: 3 solids, 3 bodies
Each solid meshed independently
Nodes are not shared
Nodes do not line-up
DM
Mesh
DM and Meshing Bodies and Parts
Explicit Dynamics: Meshing
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Example:
In DM: 1 multi-body part, 3 bodies / solids
During Meshing:1 multi-body part, 3 bodies /
solids
Each solid meshed independently but node
connectivity among solids is preserved
DM
Mesh
DM and Meshing Bodies and Parts
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Training ManualDM and Meshing - Slice
Slice geometry in Design Modeler to generate a Swept Hex Mesh
Original Geometry
Sliced Geometry
Default Mesh
Default Mesh
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Training ManualDM and Meshing Slice
Combine Sliced Bodies into single Part to get Mesh to Match acrossbody boundaries
Single Body
Parts
Multi-body
Part
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Training ManualDM and Meshing Shared Topology & Match Mesh
Overlapping Meshes and
Contact
Explicit Dynamic Analyses
require that there are no initialpenetrations at contact surfaces
For arbitrarily shaped bodies,
this requires that nodes on
surfaces that are initially incontact must match
Shared Topology and Match
Mesh Where Possible options
allow you to do this
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Training ManualDM and Meshing - Shared Topology and Match Mesh
Specified for each Part (in DM) Applied at common boundaries of al l Bodies in the
Part
Options
Automatic (default)
Nodes are merged (bodies are bonded)
None
Bodies are meshed independently
Imprint
Meshes are across interfaces of bodiescontained in Multi-Body Parts
When used with Match Mesh Where
Possible option for Patch Independent
Tetrahdron meshing, can prevent unwantedinit ial contact penetration
New feature in 12.0. Currently only
implemented for tetrahedra
Explicit Dynamics: Meshing
DM d M hi Sh d T l d M t h M h
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Training ManualDM and Meshing - Shared Topology and Match Mesh
Automat ic None Imprint
No Match Mesh
Only Automatic has
matching meshes
Explicit Dynamics: Meshing
DM d M hi Sh d T l d M h M t hi
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Training ManualDM and Meshing - Shared Topology and Mesh Matching
Automatic None Imprint
Mesh matching
where possible
All cases have
matching meshes
Explicit Dynamics: Meshing
DM d M hi S t W ld
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Training ManualDM and Meshing - Spot Welds
Define points on source geometry
at location of the spot welds
Corresponding points on target
geometry are generated
Source geometry and target
geometry can be in contact or
separated
Meshing ensures that nodes are
generated at the spot weld points
Explicit Dynamics uses nodes todefine solid or breakable joints
Explicit Dynamics: Meshing
DM and Meshing Mid Surface Creation
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Training ManualDM and Meshing - Mid-Surface Creation
Mid-SurfaceReduces 3D geometry of constant thickness to a simplified
shell representation
Automatically places surface body at mid point between 3D
face pairs
Allows shell element type meshing in Explicit Dynamics
3D Model Mid-Surface representation
Explicit Dynamics: Meshing
DM and Meshing Surface Extension
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Training ManualDM and Meshing Surface Extension
Surface Extension
Creates a surface extension based on edgeselection
Often required after Mid-Surface operation
A th in solid modelThe model is converted
to a mid plane surface
model. The result is a
gap at the intersection
of the 2 parts
Extending the circular
edge closes the gap
Explicit Dynamics: Meshing
DM and Meshing Named Selections
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Training ManualDM and Meshing Named Selections
Create Named Selections in DM orMeshing
Can be used to apply constraintsand boundary conditions inExplicit Dynamics
Explicit Dynamics: Meshing
DM and Meshing Cleanup and Repair of CAD
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Training Manual
Edge and Face Merge for Model Simplification
Merge edges and faces based on angle criteria to simplify
the model
DM and Meshing - Cleanup and Repair of CAD
Explicit Dynamics: Meshing
DM and Meshing Cleanup and Repair of CAD
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Training Manual
Repair
DM and Meshing - Cleanup and Repair of CAD
Explicit Dynamics: Meshing
DM and Meshing Cleanup and Repair of CAD
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Training Manual
Face Delete
Selected faces for delete
Patch healing
Natural healing
DM and Meshing - Cleanup and Repair of CAD
Explicit Dynamics: Meshing
FEModeler
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Training ManualFEModeler
Import a finite element (FE) model from a NASTRAN bulk data file
orABAQUS Input file.
Import FE information from Workbench Meshing or Advanced
Meshing Import archived ANSYS data created using the CDWRITE
command.
Navigate and visualize the data contained in the model. Generate a geometry from an FE Model using the Geometry
Synthesis feature.
Create named components based on element selections.
Generate an ANSYS, NASTRAN, or ABAQUS input deck for
downstream analysis.
Explicit Dynamics: Meshing
FEModeler
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Import ANSYS model fi le into Workbench
Open the imported model in FEModeler
FEModeler
Explicit Dynamics: Meshing
T i i M lFEModeler
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Display Element Statistics in FEModeler
FEModeler
Explicit Dynamics: Meshing
T i i M lFEModeler
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Training Manual
Convert to Geometry (Geometry Synthesis / Skin Detection)
FEModeler
Explicit Dynamics: Meshing
Training ManualFEModeler
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Pass Geometry to Meshing
FEModeler
Explicit Dynamics: Meshing
Training ManualWorkshop 3 Can Crush
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Training Manual
Goal:Crush an aluminum beverage can and allow it to springback
Procedure:
Create an Expl ici t Dynamics (ANSYS) Analysis System Project
Select the units system and define the material propertiesImport, modify, and mesh the soda can geometry
Define analysis settings, boundary conditions, and external loads
Initiate the solution (AUTODYN - STR) and review the results
Recommended