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PLNG13/2007t
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TECHNICAL PROPOSAL
Agreement No. PLNG 13/2007Survey on Features with Cultural HeritageValue Covering Part ofthe Northern New Territories
17 December 2007th
Environmental Resources Management
21/F Lincoln HouseTaikoo Place 979 King's RoadIsland East Hong Kong
Telephone 2271 3000Facsimile 2723 5660
89
:;
Delivering sustainable solutions in a more competitive world
Tender for Contract No. 06/9036
Planning Department
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
, - U V
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Executive Summary
Agreement No. PLNG 13/2007Survey on Features with Cultural HeritageValue in the Sha Tau Kok, Ta Kwu Ling andMa Tso Lung Areas
28 September 2007th
Draft Executive SummaryYZ[!"#$%&'()*+,-.-/
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PLNG13/2007
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CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 STUDY AREA 1 1.3 APPROACH TO THE ASSIGNMENT 1
2 FINDINGS 3
2.1 FEATURES CODING 3 2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF FEATURES WITH CULTURAL HERITAGE VALUE 4 2.3 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 5
3 CONCLUSIONS 11
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLANNING DEPARTMENT
1
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
The Planning Department commissioned ERM - Hong Kong, Ltd (ERM) to
undertake a on Features with Cultural Heritage Value in Sha Tau Kok, Ta Kwu
Ling and Ma Tso Lung Areas. The work was undertaken under Agreement No.
PLNQ 13/2007 (hereafter referred to as the Assignment). This area, near the
boundary with Shenzhen, is not yet covered by any statutory town plan and
the establishment of a database of built heritage is therefore important in
future land use planning for this area.
1.2 STUDY AREA
The Study Area (see Figure 1.2a) is located in the northern New Territories
close to the border with Shenzhen and mostly within the Frontier Closed
Area. The Assignment focuses on the Sha Tau Kok area in the east, Ta Kwu
Ling area in the centre and Ma Tso Lung/Lok Ma Chau (east of San Sham
Road) area in the west
1.3 APPROACH TO THE ASSIGNMENT
The Assignment was executed in accordance with Section 6 of the Assignment
Brief and made reference to the Antiquities and Monuments Office’s (AMO)
practice for conducting built heritage surveys. It serves as the basis for future
reference and makes no assessment of the relative value of individual
identified features. The general approach to the Assignment included: a
desktop study, field survey and reporting phase, each of which is described
below.
1.3.1 Desktop Study
The objective of the desktop study was to compile an inventory of the features
with cultural heritage value or with potential cultural heritage value within
the Study Area, comprising:
• all pre-1950 buildings and structures;
• selected post-1950 buildings and structures of high architectural and
historical significance and interest; and
• cultural landscape and features including sites of historical events or
providing a significant historical record or a setting for buildings or
monuments of architectural importance, historic field patterns tracks and
fish ponds and cultural elements, such as Fungshui woodlands and clan
graves.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLANNING DEPARTMENT
2
1.3.2 Field Survey
Field surveys were conducted between 20 June and 10 December 2007 to
identify features with potential cultural heritage value that until now had
gone unrecorded. This exercise included field scanning, the taking of
photographic records and interviews with village representatives.
1.3.3 Reporting
The outcome of the desktop research and field survey findings are presented
in the Final Report. This details the features with or with potential cultural
heritage value identified within the Study Area. Historical and architectural
appraisals, photographic records and location plans are presented in the Final
Report.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLANNING DEPARTMENT
3
2 FINDINGS
2.1 FEATURES CODING
The Study Area is divided into four survey areas: Study Areas A to D as
shown in Figure 1.2a.
A unique alphanumeric feature code was allocated to each identified feature
with or with potential cultural heritage value. Each code was prefixed with a
three or four letter code denoting the sub-area:
• Study Area A: STK
• Study Area B: TKLE
• Study Area C: TKLW
• Study Area D: MTL
For features with or with potential cultural heritage value located within a
village, coding using the village name was adopted, for instance, ST01 refers
to the first feature identified in Shan Tsui village. Table 2.1a provides a list of
these codes. Those features located outside villages and that have not been
associated with any local place name were given the purely sub-
area/numerical code, for example, STK01 was the first site identified in the
Study Area A.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLANNING DEPARTMENT
4
Table 2.1a Village/Place Names Used as Feature Codes in the Survey
Village/Place Features Code
Study Area A
Kong Ha (崗下) KH
Shan Tsui (山咀) ST
Sheung Tam Shui Hang (上担水坑) STSH
Ha Tam Shui Hang (下担水坑) HTSH
Tsiu Hang (蕉坑) TH
Muk Min Tau (木棉頭) MMT
San Tseun Shueng Wai (新村上圍) STSW
San Tseun Ha Wai (新村下圍) STHW
Tong To (塘肚) TT
Study Area B
Lin Ma Hang (蓮麻坑) LMH
Heung Yuen Wai (香園圍) HYW
Ha Heung Yuen (下香園) HHY
Tsung Yuen Ha (松園下) TYH
Kan Tau Wai(簡頭圍) KTW
Tong Fong (塘坊) TF
Study Area C
Chow Tin Tsuen (週田村) CT
Fung Wong Wu (鳳凰湖) FWW
San Uk Ling (新屋嶺) SUL
Lei Uk (李屋) LU
Lo Wu (羅湖村) LW
Muk Wu (木湖) MW
Muk Wu Nga Yiu (木湖瓦窰) MWNY
Sha Ling (沙嶺) SL
Study Area D
Lok Ma Chau (落馬洲) LMC
Liu Pok (料壆) LP
2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF FEATURES WITH OR WITH POTENTIAL CULTURAL HERITAGE
VALUE
Features with or with potential cultural heritage value were categorised as
follows:
1. Declared Monuments – statutorily protected against the threat of
development under the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance to enable
preservation for posterity;
2. Deemed Monuments – these are features with cultural heritage value
where agreements are in place with the owners to ensure preservation.
Deemed Monuments can be upgraded to statutory Declared Monuments
under the AM Ordinance; and
3. Graded Historical Buildings – these are historical buildings and
structures recorded by AMO according to the grading system
summarised in Table 2.2a.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLANNING DEPARTMENT
5
Table 2.2a AMO’s Grading of Historical Buildings
Grade Description
1 Buildings of outstanding merit; every effort should be made to preserve
these structures if possible.
2 Buildings of special merit; effort should be made to selectively preserve
these structures.
3 Buildings of some merit, but which have yet to qualify for consideration as
possible monuments. These are to be recorded and used as a pool for
future selection.
It should be noted that the definitions of gradings are internal guidelines
adopted by the Antiquities Advisory Board and the AMO for the preservation
of historic buildings but have no statutory standing. Although there are no
statutory provisions for the protection of recorded archaeological sites and
historical buildings and features (including Deemed, Graded and recorded),
administrative procedures are available. Any development proposal
affecting these built heritage resources should be submitted to the AMO for
comments.
4. Other Features with potential Cultural Heritage Value – Features as
defined in Section 1.3.1 (pre 1950s buildings and structures, post 1950s
buildings and structures of high architectural/historical significance,
other cultural and landscape features) excluding Items 1 to 3 above.
2.3 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
2.3.1 Declared Monuments, Deemed Monuments and Graded Historical Buildings
No Declared Monuments or Deemed Monuments were identified within the
Study Area. Ten Graded Historical Buildings were identified and are listed
in Table 2.3a and shown on Figure 2.3a.
Table 2.3a Graded Historical Buildings Identified within the Study Area
Features
Code
Identified Historical Buildings
and Features
Sub-Area Location Grade(1)
ST01 Hip Tin Temple STK Shan Tsui Tsuen 1
STK02 Maclntosh Fort (Pak Kung Au) STK Pak Kung Au, 2
TKLE01 Maclntosh Fort (Kong Shan) TKLE Kong Shan 2
TKLE02 Maclntosh Fort (Pak Fu Shan) TKLE Pak Fu Shan, 2
TKLE03 Ta Kwu Ling Police Station TKLE Ping Che Road 3
TKLW01 Maclntosh Fort (Nga Yiu) TKLW Nga Yiu 2
TKLW02 Maclntosh Fort (Nam Hang) TKLW Nam Hang 2
LMH01 Residence of Ip Ting-sz TKLE Lin Ma Hang
Tsuen
2
MTL01 Maclntosh Fort (Ma Tso Lung) LMC Ma Tso Lung 2
MTL02 Lok Ma Chau Police Station LMC Lok Ma Chau 3
(1) See Table 2.2a for Grading Definitions.
!(
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�)
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�)
#*
#*
ST01 Hip Tin TempleST01 Hip Tin TempleST01 Hip Tin TempleST01 Hip Tin TempleLMH01 Residence of Yip Ting-siLMH01 Residence of Yip Ting-siLMH01 Residence of Yip Ting-siLMH01 Residence of Yip Ting-si
TKLW01 MacIntosh Fort (Nga Yiu)TKLW01 MacIntosh Fort (Nga Yiu)TKLW01 MacIntosh Fort (Nga Yiu)TKLW01 MacIntosh Fort (Nga Yiu)
MTL02 Lok Ma Chau Police StationMTL02 Lok Ma Chau Police StationMTL02 Lok Ma Chau Police StationMTL02 Lok Ma Chau Police Station
TKLW02 MacIntosh Fort (Nam Hang)TKLW02 MacIntosh Fort (Nam Hang)TKLW02 MacIntosh Fort (Nam Hang)TKLW02 MacIntosh Fort (Nam Hang)
TKLE03 Ta Kwu Ling Police StationTKLE03 Ta Kwu Ling Police StationTKLE03 Ta Kwu Ling Police StationTKLE03 Ta Kwu Ling Police Station
TKLE01 MacIntosh Fort (Kong Shan)TKLE01 MacIntosh Fort (Kong Shan)TKLE01 MacIntosh Fort (Kong Shan)TKLE01 MacIntosh Fort (Kong Shan)
MTL01 MacIntosh Fort (Ma Tso Lung)MTL01 MacIntosh Fort (Ma Tso Lung)MTL01 MacIntosh Fort (Ma Tso Lung)MTL01 MacIntosh Fort (Ma Tso Lung)
STK02 MacIntosh Fort (Pak Kung Au)STK02 MacIntosh Fort (Pak Kung Au)STK02 MacIntosh Fort (Pak Kung Au)STK02 MacIntosh Fort (Pak Kung Au)
TKLE02 MacIntosh Fort (Pak Fu Shan)TKLE02 MacIntosh Fort (Pak Fu Shan)TKLE02 MacIntosh Fort (Pak Fu Shan)TKLE02 MacIntosh Fort (Pak Fu Shan)
Environmental
Resources
Management
Figure 2.3a
File: 0066834_Grade_Building.mxdDate: 06/08/2007
Graded Historical Buildings within the Study Area
´
DDDD
AAAA
CCCC
KEYKEYKEYKEY
Study AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy Area
A
B
C
D
!( Grade I Historical Building
�) Grade II Historical Building
#* Grade III Historical Building0 21
Kilometers
BBBB
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLANNING DEPARTMENT
6
Eight of the ten Graded Historical Buildings identified are either police or
military buildings. The military buildings include six forts (STK02, TKLE01,
TKLE02, TKLW02, TKLW03 and MTL01) constructed between 1949 and
1953(1). These were built on prominent hilltops by the southern part of the
Shenzhen River and served as observation posts to overlook the border
between Hong Kong and mainland China (2).
All the forts face the Shenzhen River, are two storeys high and are constructed
in a similar style: with a rounded central portion and two side wings on the
ground floor. One wing was generally used for sleeping quarters for up to
eight people and the other for cooking. Each has a store room. The ground
floor of the central area served as a communication or command room and the
second floor as an observation tower. Both floors are constructed with
ramparts and gun-slot iron openings. Double iron doors are located at the
entrance.
The two police stations (TKLW01 and MTL02) were constructed in the early
20th century by the colonial government. Both are located on hill tops to
better enable them to observe incursions over the border in the years after the
1911 Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen.
The two other graded buildings are the Hip Tin Temple (ST01) at Shan Tsui
village and the Residence of Ip Ting-sz (LMH01) in Lin Ma Hang village.
2.3.2 Other Features with Potential Cultural Heritage Value in Village Areas
In addition to the above-mentioned Graded Historical Buildings, Table 2.3b
presents a summary of other features with potential cultural heritage value
identified in village areas of the Study Area. Their locations are shown in
Figures 2.3b to 2.3e. These features are categorized into two main groups,
comprising historical buildings and structures (pre-1950/post-1950) and
cultural landscape features, which are sub-divided into different types by
their function. Historical buildings and structures include ancestral halls,
temples, schools/study halls, residential houses, storage houses, shop houses
and watch towers. Cultural landscape features include Fungshui features,
entrance gates, earth shrines, kilns, bridges, a cannon, boundary stones, clan
graves /graveyards and old wells.
Table 2.3b presents details of the features identified in each village area by
village/place location and function.
(1) Hong Kong Police Magazine. December 1953: 18.
(2) Ibid.
!(
�)
Kong Ha
Shan Tsui
Sheung Tam Shui Hang
Ha Tam Shui Hang
Tsiu Hang
Muk Min Tau
San Tsuen
San Tsuen (Ha Wai)
Tong To
Tong To Ping Tsuen
San Lau Street
Chung Ying Street
Yuen Tuen ShanRobin's Nest(Hung Fa Leng)
Hung Fa Chai
SHENZHEN
ST01 Hip Tin TempleST01 Hip Tin TempleST01 Hip Tin TempleST01 Hip Tin Temple
STK02 MacIntosh Fort (Pak Kung Au)STK02 MacIntosh Fort (Pak Kung Au)STK02 MacIntosh Fort (Pak Kung Au)STK02 MacIntosh Fort (Pak Kung Au)
Environmental
Resources
ManagementFeatures with or with Potential Cultural Heritage Value Identified in Study Area A
Figure 2.3b
File: 0066834_Sha_Tau_Kok.mxdDate: 13/05/2008
´0 400200
Meters
KeyKeyKeyKey
Historical Building and Feature
Stream
!( Grade I Historical Building
�) Grade II Historical Building
!( !(
Lin Ma Hang
Heung Yuen Wai
Ha Heung Yuen
Tsung Yuen Ha
Kan Tau Wai
Tong Fong
ChukChukChukChukYuenYuenYuenYuen
Kaw LiuKaw LiuKaw LiuKaw Liu
Pin
g C
he R
oad
Lin Ma Hang Road
Nga Yiu HaNga Yiu HaNga Yiu HaNga Yiu Ha
San Kwai Tin
Kong Yiu
Wong Mau Hang Shan
SHENZHEN
Robin's Nest(Hung Fa Leng)
LMH01 Residence of Yip Ting-siLMH01 Residence of Yip Ting-siLMH01 Residence of Yip Ting-siLMH01 Residence of Yip Ting-si
TKLE03 Ta Kwu Ling Police StationTKLE03 Ta Kwu Ling Police StationTKLE03 Ta Kwu Ling Police StationTKLE03 Ta Kwu Ling Police Station
TKLE01 MacIntosh Fort (Kong Shan)TKLE01 MacIntosh Fort (Kong Shan)TKLE01 MacIntosh Fort (Kong Shan)TKLE01 MacIntosh Fort (Kong Shan)
TKLE02 MacIntosh Fort (Pak Fu Shan)TKLE02 MacIntosh Fort (Pak Fu Shan)TKLE02 MacIntosh Fort (Pak Fu Shan)TKLE02 MacIntosh Fort (Pak Fu Shan)
Environmental
Resources
ManagementFeatures with or with Potential Cultural Heritage Value Identified in Study Area B
Figure 2.3c
File: 0066834_Ta_Kwu_Ling_East.mxdDate: 13/05/2008
´0 400 800200
Meters
KeyKeyKeyKey
!( Potential Mining Cave Location
Area Possible to Contain Features with Potential Cultural Heritage Value
Historical Building and Feature
Stream
�) Grade II Historical Building
#* Grade III Historical Building
Village without Features with Cultural Heritage ValueChukChukChukChukYuenYuenYuenYuen
Muk Wu Nga Yiu
Muk Wu
Chow Tin
Fung Wong Wu
Lei UkSan Uk Ling
Sha LingLo Wu
SHENZHEN
PingYuenRiver
LoShueLing
TKLW01 MacIntosh Fort (Nga Yiu)TKLW01 MacIntosh Fort (Nga Yiu)TKLW01 MacIntosh Fort (Nga Yiu)TKLW01 MacIntosh Fort (Nga Yiu)
TKLW02 MacIntosh Fort (Nam Hang)TKLW02 MacIntosh Fort (Nam Hang)TKLW02 MacIntosh Fort (Nam Hang)TKLW02 MacIntosh Fort (Nam Hang)
TKLE03 Ta Kwu Ling Police StationTKLE03 Ta Kwu Ling Police StationTKLE03 Ta Kwu Ling Police StationTKLE03 Ta Kwu Ling Police Station
Environmental
Resources
ManagementFeatures with or with Potential Cultural Heritage Value Identified in Study Area C
Figure 2.3d
File: 0066834_Ta_Kwu_Ling_West.mxdDate: 11/09/2007
San Uk Ling
´0 200 400100
Meters
KeyKeyKeyKey
Historical Building and Feature
Stream
�) Grade II Historical Building
#* Grade III Historical Building
�)
#*
Liu Pok
Lok Ma Chau
Shun YeeShun YeeShun YeeShun YeeSan TsuenSan TsuenSan TsuenSan Tsuen
Ma Tso LungMa Tso LungMa Tso LungMa Tso LungSan TsuenSan TsuenSan TsuenSan Tsuen
Tak Yuet LauTak Yuet LauTak Yuet LauTak Yuet Lau
Ha Wan TsuenHa Wan TsuenHa Wan TsuenHa Wan Tsuen Tai Law Hau
TAI SHEK MO
MTL02 Lok Ma Chau Police StationMTL02 Lok Ma Chau Police StationMTL02 Lok Ma Chau Police StationMTL02 Lok Ma Chau Police Station
MTL01 MacIntosh Fort (Ma Tso Lung)MTL01 MacIntosh Fort (Ma Tso Lung)MTL01 MacIntosh Fort (Ma Tso Lung)MTL01 MacIntosh Fort (Ma Tso Lung)
Environmental
Resources
Management
Features with or with Potential Cultural Heritage Value Identified in Study Area D
Figure 2.3e
File: 0066834_LMC_MTL.mxdDate: 13/05/2008
´0 400200
Meters
KeyKeyKeyKey
Historical Building and Feature
Stream
�) Grade II Historical Building
#* Grade III Historical Building
ChukChukChukChukYuenYuenYuenYuen
Village without Features with Cultural Heritage Value
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLANNING DEPARTMENT
7
Table 2.3b Quantity of Features with Potential Cultural Heritage Value Identified in
Village/Place Areas
Village Features with Potential Cultural Heritage Value
Historical Buildings and
Structures
Landscape Features
An
ce
str
al
Ha
ll
Te
mp
le
Stu
dy
Ha
ll /
Sch
oo
l
Re
sid
en
tia
l H
ou
se
Sto
rag
e H
ou
se
Wa
tch
To
we
S
ho
p H
ou
se
Fu
ng
shu
i F
ea
ture
En
tra
nce
Ga
te
Ea
rth
Sh
rin
e
Kil
n
B
ou
nd
ary
Sto
ne
s
Bri
dg
e
We
ll
C
an
no
n
Cla
n G
rav
e/G
rav
ey
ard
Study Area A 2 1 7
Kong Ha 1 6
Shan Tsui (a) 3 15 2 1 1
Sheung Tam Shui Hang 2 1 7 2 1
Ha Tam Shui Hang 3 14 1 1
Tsiu Hang 2
Muk Min Tau 4 1
San Tsuen Sheung Wai 2 3 1 2
San Tsuen Ha Wai 7
Tong To/Tong To Ping 7 2 1 1 1
Study Area B
Lin Ma Hang (b) 4 2 10 2 3 3 1 1 2
Heung Yuen Wai 1 5 1 1 1 1 2
Ha Heung Yuen 2 2
Tsung Yuen Ha 2 1 6 1 1 1 1 1
Kan Tau Wai 1 7 1
Tong Fong 1 4
Study Area C 1
Chow Tin 1 1 2 15 1 1 1
Fung Wong Wu 2 9 1
Lei Uk (c) 2 7 2
Muk Wu 1 1 21 1 1 1 1
Muk Wu Nga Yiu 1 1 3
San Uk Ling 1 3 1
Sha Ling 1 1 1
Study Area D
Liu Pok 1 15 2 1 2
Lok Ma Cahu 1 6 1
Total 27 10 5 176 9 2 1 13 6 14 3 7 3 8 1 7
Notes:
(a) A temple is located in this village which is a graded historical building as presented in Table
4.3a. Thus it is not counted in this Table.
(b) A residential house is located is located in this village which is a graded historical building as
presented in Table 4.3a. Thus it is not counted in this Table.
(c) LU02 in Lei Uk comprises two buildings, one used as residential house and one used as
ancestral hall. Thus, LU02 has been counted under “Residential House” and “Ancestral
Hall”.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLANNING DEPARTMENT
8
Historical Buildings and Structures
Ancestral Halls, Study Halls, Temples and Residential House and Storage
House Layout
The basic layout of the Chinese buildings (ancestral halls, study halls, temples,
residential houses and storage houses) was found to be one hall and one bay
without a courtyard. Such a layout was sometimes extended by adding
additional halls, bays and courtyard to form a larger and more complex
layout. In the Study Area, identified layouts ranged from one to three halls
and one to three bays. Occasionally, more bays were found where the
buildings shared their gable walls to form a long row of houses. For
buildings with more than one hall, the halls were typically found to be
separated by an open courtyard.
A range of construction materials were found to have been used for these
buildings. Granite blocks or stone as building foundations, on top of which
were placed grey brick or rammed earth walls. Some grey brick built walls
were exposed whilst others and the majority of rammed earth walls were
finished with lime or cement plaster. Gable walls were load bearing
supporting the timber purlins structure roof. The roofs were generally
pitched/pointed though in many residential houses, a flat roof of
cement/concrete had often now been constructed over the front hall. Roof
laying styles were found to be either Hakka (overlapping roof tiles covering
the rafters) or Canton (overlapping roof tiles not covering the rafters) but
some individual buildings were found to use both styles. Some roof ridges
were found to be decorated with boat shapes and plaster panel features.
The building entrance openings were typically found to be placed in the
middle of the façade. The frames were generally timber, granite or brick.
Many of the buildings façade wall friezes were decorated with plaster
features, paintings or calligraphy or a mixture of these and crafted wooden
panels with decoration features can be found in some building eave ends.
Window openings if located on the façade were generally found to be
symmetrically placed beside or above the door. Original windows were
granite framed with iron bars, or in some places, timber framed windows
were noted. Windows were found on the front, side walls and rear walls of
the buildings. In some of the buildings, gun slot openings were constructed
in the walls.
Most of the Chinese buildings identified in the Study Area were one or two
storeys high and of a terraced style, where one house shares a gable wall with
the house next to it. Walled layouts were also commonly found. A typical
walled village in this area was found to be symmetrical with rows of houses
being enclosed by grey brick walls and entrance gates and temples or earth
shrines lying on the central axis.
Some buildings were found to be of mixed western and Chinese style, thought
to be a result of owners working overseas in the early 20th century and
bringing back western style architecture. These buildings were typically two
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLANNING DEPARTMENT
9
storeys high and had western-style arches, windows and balconies but
Chinese (pitched) roofs. The gable walls were generally load bearing and
were constructed with either reinforced concrete, grey bricks or both
materials.
Watch Towers
According to oral history, watch towers were constructed as a result of battles
between villages. In the late 19th to early 20th centuries, the village Wong Pui
Ling located north to the Shenzhen River was very strong and tried to control
nearby weaker villages south of the Shenzhen River. Village battles were
common during the period and watch towers were built for defence.
Local watch towers were found to be three to six storeys high and were built
in a prominent location within villages allowing them to overlook
surrounding areas and act as observation posts. Typically, the towers are
square in shape and constructed of grey brick with timber floors. Walls have
gun-slot openings and towers have one entrance with a secured iron door.
Cultural Landscape and Features
Nine kinds of cultural landscape features were identified within the Study
Area, including Fungshui features, earth shrines, entrance gates, bridges, kilns,
wells, boundary stones, a cannon and clan graves/graveyards.
Fungshui features usually comprise Fungshui hills, woodlands or trees.
Fungshui woodlands or hills are usually located on the hill slopes behind the
villages. The hill behind a village is usually regarded as “the mountain that
the village depends on”. Thus, villagers would consider any earth work at
their Fungshui hill/woodland as affecting the whole village. Old trees in
village areas would also considered to have Fungshui value to villagers that
should not be cut without agreement with the villagers.
Earth shrines are commonly found in the villages and they are usually of an
armchair shape and constructed with grey bricks. Earth shrines are known
as Fuk Tak (福德) by local people. In some villages, temples have been built
to serve the earth god.
A total of six entrance gates were identified in the villages, typically the
walled villages. Entrance gates are usually located on the central axis in the
front of the walled village.
Three bridges with cultural heritage value were identified and they are
located in Lin Ma Hang village, Tong To Ping village and adjacent to Lo Wu
Station, respectively.
Eight old wells were identified within the Study Area. They were used to
provide local people with a water supply and are mostly abandoned.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLANNING DEPARTMENT
10
Two areas with three abandoned kiln features were identified in Muk Wu Nga
Yiu village. These brick and tile production kilns are round in shape. All of
them have been abandoned.
Seven clan graves were identified in Sha Ling, Lin Ma Hang, Chow Tin, Tsung
Yuen Ha, and Heung Yuen Wai.
A cannon was identified in Tsung Yuen Ha. It used to be placed in a stone
house; however, it is now placed on top of a building structure in front of the
village.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLANNING DEPARTMENT
11
3 CONCLUSIONS
The objective of this Assignment was to undertake a survey of features with or
with potential cultural heritage value in Sha Tau Kok, Ta Kwu Ling and Ma
Tso Lung Areas. Specifically to:
• aggregate available information and fill in gaps to help improve the
understanding of the cultural heritage resources in the Study Area; and
• compile a comprehensive inventory of features with or with potential
cultural heritage value in the Study Area.
The survey serves as the basis for future reference and makes no assessment of
the relative value of individual identified features.
Field scanning identified no features with cultural heritage value in Chuk Yen,
Kaw Liu, Nga Yiu Ha, Tak Yuet Lau, Ma Tso Lung San Tsuen, Shun Yee San
Tsuen and Ha Wan Tsuen. Features with potential cultural heritage value
were identified in San Kwai Tin. However, due to reasons of safety and
accessibility reason, access to the area was not practicable. If future studies
could be provided with safe access to this area, a detail survey should be
undertaken.
Table 3.1a summarises features with or with potential cultural heritage value
identified across the four areas. This includes ten Graded Historical
Buildings, of which six are forts and two are police stations (located outside
the village areas). The remaining two are the Hip Tin Temple at Shan Tsui
village and the Residence of Ip Ting-sz in Lin Ma Hang.
Other features with potential cultural heritage value identified are mostly
located within 21 villages (Kong Ha, Shan Tsui, Tam Shui Hang, Tsiu Hang,
Muk Min Tau, San Tsuen, Tong To, Lin Ma Hang, Heung Yuen, Tsung Yuen
Ha, Kan Tau Wai, Tong Fong, Muk Wu Nga Yiu, Muk Wu, San Uk Ling, Lei
Uk, Chow Tin, Fung Wong Wu, Liu Pok and Lo Ma Chau villages) comprising
27 ancestral halls, seven temples, five study halls/schools, 176 residential
houses, nine storage houses, two watch towers and 13 Fungshui features, six
entrance gates, 13 earth shrines, three kilns, two bridges, one cannon and six
clan graves/graveyards and eight wells.
In addition, a row of shop houses at San Lau Street, seven boundary stones at
Chung Ying Street and two temples at Chun Lung Street in Sha Tau Kok; a
temple, an earth shrine and a clan grave located by Man Kam Road near Sha
Ling and a bridge located adjacent to Lo Wu Station were identified outside
the village areas.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLANNING DEPARTMENT
12
Table 3.1a Quantity of Features with or with Potential Cultural Heritage Value Identified in the Study Area
Village/Place Features with
Cultural Heritage
Value
Features with Potential Cultural Heritage Value
Graded Historical
Buildings
Historical Buildings and Structures Cultural Landscape Features
Gra
de
1
Gra
de
2
Gra
de
3
An
ce
str
al
Ha
ll
Te
mp
le
Stu
dy
Ha
ll /
Sch
oo
l
Re
sid
en
tia
l H
ou
se
Sto
rag
e H
ou
se
W
atc
h T
ow
er
S
ho
p H
ou
se
Fu
ng
shu
i F
ea
ture
En
tra
nce
Ga
te
Ea
rth
Sh
rin
e
Kil
n
Bri
dg
e
Ca
nn
on
W
ell
Cla
n G
rav
e/Y
ard
B
ou
nd
ary
Sto
ne
T
ota
l
Study Area A 1 2 1 7 11
Kong Ha 1 6 7
Shan Tsui 1 3 15 2 1 1 23
Sheung Tam Shui Hang 2 1 7 2 1 13
Ha Tam Shui Hang 3 14 1 1 19
Tsiu Hang 2 2
Muk Min Tau 4 1 5
San Tsuen Sheung Wai 2 3 1 2 8
San Tsuen Ha Wai 7 7
Tong To/Tong To Ping 7 2 1 1 1 12
Study Area B 2 1 3
Lin Ma Hang 1 4 2 10 2 3 3 1 1 2 29
Heung Yuen Wai 1 5 1 1 1 1 2 12
Ha Heung Yuen 2 2 4
Tsung Yuen Ha 2 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 14
Kan Tau Wai 1 7 1 9
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLANNING DEPARTMENT
13
Village/Place Features with
Cultural Heritage
Value
Features with Potential Cultural Heritage Value
Graded Historical
Buildings
Historical Buildings and Structures Cultural Landscape Features
Gra
de
1
Gra
de
2
Gra
de
3
An
ce
str
al
Ha
ll
Te
mp
le
Stu
dy
Ha
ll /
Sch
oo
l
Re
sid
en
tia
l H
ou
se
Sto
rag
e H
ou
se
W
atc
h T
ow
er
S
ho
p H
ou
se
Fu
ng
shu
i F
ea
ture
En
tra
nce
Ga
te
Ea
rth
Sh
rin
e
Kil
n
Bri
dg
e
Ca
nn
on
W
ell
Cla
n G
rav
e/Y
ard
B
ou
nd
ary
Sto
ne
T
ota
l
Tong Fong 1 4 5
Study Area C 2 1 3
Chow Tin 1 1 2 15 1 1 1 22
Fung Wong Wu 2 9 1 12
Lei Uk 2 7 2 11
Muk Wu 1 1 21 1 1 1 1 27
Muk Wu Nga Yiu 1 1 3 5
San Uk Ling 1 3 1 5
Sha Ling 1 1 1 3
Study Area D 1 1 2
Liu Pok 1 15 2 1 2 21
Lok Ma Cahu 1 6 1 8
Total 1 7 2 27 10 5 176 9 2 1 13 6 14 3 3 1 8 7 7 302
Note:
The objective of the survey was to compile the cultural heritage inventory within the Study Area to fill in gaps of existing information. The survey serves as the basis for future reference and makes no
assessment of the relative value of individual identified features.
Recommended