Exam Review Know the parts of the periodic table. (Group names) Know the prefixes

Exam Review

• Know the parts of the periodic table. (Group names)

• Know the prefixes.

Midterm Review

1. Scientific Method

• State the problem• Gather information• Form a hypothesis• Test the hypothesis• Analyze the data• Draw conclusions

• Hypothesis supported or not supported

2 & 3. Hypothesis

• Possible explanation for a problem using what you know and what you have observed

• Through observations

4. Written Hypothesis

• If (independent variable), then (dependent variable).

• Ex. If I study for this test, then I will make a good grade.

5. Laboratory apparatuses

• Balances• Test tubes• Graduated cylinders• Flasks• Bunsen burner• Pipettes, etc.• thermometers• See laboratory apparatus lab.

6. Laboratory procedures

• See lab manual

7. Precision and Accuracy

• Precision: How close your measurements are to each other

• Accuracy: How close a measurement is to being correct

8. Laboratory tools

• See lab manual

9. Tools for specified data

• Volume: graduated cylinder• Length: ruler• Mass: balance

10. Parts of an experiment

• Independent Variable: This is what will change within your experiment and will affect the dependent variable

11. How do you create an experiment?

• Make observations• Collect data • Research • Form a hypothesis• Choose your variables• Constants & controls

12. Graphs

• Line Graph• Circle Graph• Bar Graph

13. Formulas needed for specific investigations

• Dependent on investigation• Volume (l X w X h)• Density (d=m/v)

14. Technology

• Computers• Laboratory equipment

15. cost, time and materials in cost of products

• Ex. More time it takes to make something, cost increases.

16. Science & Technology

• Technology: applied science to help people

• Technology doesn’t always follow science

• Both have steps

17. Safety procedures

• See lab safety manual

18. Classification of Matter

• Physical Properties• Chemical Properties

19. Types of Mixtures

• Homogeneous (solutions)• Heterogeneous • Colloids• Suspension

20. Chemical Properties

• Characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a chemical change.

• Flammability, light sensitivity

21. Physical Properties

• Anything you can observe without changing the identify of something

• Appearance: shape, color, size, density, melting point, boiling point

• Behavior : ex. magnetism

22. Density

• Mass per unit volume of a materialD = m/v

23. States of Matter

• Solids• Liquids• Gases• Plasma

24. State changes

Solid Liquid Gases PlasmaParticles are arranged closely in solids as

heat is added they start moving faster and spread apart gases

The faster particles move, the more energy involved

K inetic Theory

25. Archimede’s, Bernoulli’s and Pascal’s Principles

• Archimide’s: Buoyancy (buoyant force and weight)

• Bernoulli’s: as velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure decreases– Ex. Airplane technology, roofs lifted during

tornadoes

• Pascal’s: Pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid– Ex. Toothpaste tube

26. Charles’ and Boyle’s Laws

• Charles: The volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature.–Pressure stays constant here–Gas expands as it is heated–Ex. Hot air balloon

• Boyles: if you decrease volume of a container of gas, the pressure of the gas will increase–Temperature stays constant here

27. Kinetic Theory

• All matter is composed of small particles• These particles are in constant, random

motion• If you increase the temperature,

particles move faster.• If you decrease the temperature,

particles move slower.

28. Subatomic Particles

• Nucleus–Protons: Positive–Neutrons: Neutral

• Electron Cloud–Electrons : negative

29 & 30. How do subatomic particles affect properties of an atom?

• Nucleus: gives atom its mass– Mass number = protons + neutrons

• Protons: (atomic number) – Identity

• Electrons: give the atom its chemical properties– Ionic and Covalent Bonding

31. Compare/contrast atoms of elements which exist as stable or unstable isotopes.

• Isotopes: atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

• Ex. Carbon-12 & Carbon-14 are both isotopes of Carbon

• Carbon – 12 is stable