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Exam Review
• Know the parts of the periodic table. (Group names)
• Know the prefixes.
Midterm Review
1. Scientific Method
• State the problem• Gather information• Form a hypothesis• Test the hypothesis• Analyze the data• Draw conclusions
• Hypothesis supported or not supported
2 & 3. Hypothesis
• Possible explanation for a problem using what you know and what you have observed
• Through observations
4. Written Hypothesis
• If (independent variable), then (dependent variable).
• Ex. If I study for this test, then I will make a good grade.
5. Laboratory apparatuses
• Balances• Test tubes• Graduated cylinders• Flasks• Bunsen burner• Pipettes, etc.• thermometers• See laboratory apparatus lab.
7. Precision and Accuracy
• Precision: How close your measurements are to each other
• Accuracy: How close a measurement is to being correct
9. Tools for specified data
• Volume: graduated cylinder• Length: ruler• Mass: balance
10. Parts of an experiment
• Independent Variable: This is what will change within your experiment and will affect the dependent variable
11. How do you create an experiment?
• Make observations• Collect data • Research • Form a hypothesis• Choose your variables• Constants & controls
12. Graphs
• Line Graph• Circle Graph• Bar Graph
13. Formulas needed for specific investigations
• Dependent on investigation• Volume (l X w X h)• Density (d=m/v)
14. Technology
• Computers• Laboratory equipment
15. cost, time and materials in cost of products
• Ex. More time it takes to make something, cost increases.
16. Science & Technology
• Technology: applied science to help people
• Technology doesn’t always follow science
• Both have steps
18. Classification of Matter
• Physical Properties• Chemical Properties
19. Types of Mixtures
• Homogeneous (solutions)• Heterogeneous • Colloids• Suspension
20. Chemical Properties
• Characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a chemical change.
• Flammability, light sensitivity
21. Physical Properties
• Anything you can observe without changing the identify of something
• Appearance: shape, color, size, density, melting point, boiling point
• Behavior : ex. magnetism
22. Density
• Mass per unit volume of a materialD = m/v
23. States of Matter
• Solids• Liquids• Gases• Plasma
24. State changes
Solid Liquid Gases PlasmaParticles are arranged closely in solids as
heat is added they start moving faster and spread apart gases
The faster particles move, the more energy involved
K inetic Theory
25. Archimede’s, Bernoulli’s and Pascal’s Principles
• Archimide’s: Buoyancy (buoyant force and weight)
• Bernoulli’s: as velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure decreases– Ex. Airplane technology, roofs lifted during
tornadoes
• Pascal’s: Pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid– Ex. Toothpaste tube
26. Charles’ and Boyle’s Laws
• Charles: The volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature.–Pressure stays constant here–Gas expands as it is heated–Ex. Hot air balloon
• Boyles: if you decrease volume of a container of gas, the pressure of the gas will increase–Temperature stays constant here
27. Kinetic Theory
• All matter is composed of small particles• These particles are in constant, random
motion• If you increase the temperature,
particles move faster.• If you decrease the temperature,
particles move slower.
28. Subatomic Particles
• Nucleus–Protons: Positive–Neutrons: Neutral
• Electron Cloud–Electrons : negative
29 & 30. How do subatomic particles affect properties of an atom?
• Nucleus: gives atom its mass– Mass number = protons + neutrons
• Protons: (atomic number) – Identity
• Electrons: give the atom its chemical properties– Ionic and Covalent Bonding
31. Compare/contrast atoms of elements which exist as stable or unstable isotopes.
• Isotopes: atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
• Ex. Carbon-12 & Carbon-14 are both isotopes of Carbon
• Carbon – 12 is stable
