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CARL VON LINNE
Father of taxonomy
Born: May 23, 1707
1774: series of mild strokes
died in 1778
Linnaean Society of London: Sir James Edward Smith
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONSPublished:
Species Plantarum(1753)Start of Binomial system
of naming organism
Systema Naturae (1758)1st used binomial system
consistently
THOMAS MALTHUSHe believed that:
Populations can grow geometrically
Resources increase slowly or not at all
Predictions guided Darwin
formulation of the Theory of Natural Selection
Born: August 1, 1744 Died: Dec 28, 1829 Jesuit seminary at Amiens 1756 French Army in Germany 1761 Left the army and studied Medicine and botany
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
Published: Flore Fracaise in 1778
Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans vertebres
1815, 1822
Coined the term INVERTEBRATES
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONSImportant: Proposed
modern species had descended from other species:Theory of Inheritance of Acquired
CharacteristicsTheory of Use and DisusePhysiological needs drive Lamarckan
Evolution
VIEWS on EVOLUTIONEvolution:
process of increasing complexity and perfection
NO Extinction, disappeared species just evolved into different species
Born: Aug 23, 1769 Worked as a:
Tutor, professor of animal history, inspector general of public education and state councilor
Founded vertebrate paleontology
Established: extinction of past life forms
Georges Cuvier
VIEWS on EVOLUTIONSaw organisms as integrated wholes
No part can be modified without impairing functional integration
Do not believe organic evolutionMummified cats and ibises from Egypt
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONHistory of living organisms
Recorded in layers of rocks containing fossilsClassified organisms as embranchments
Similarities were due to common function not common ancestry
Believed that the Earth was immensely oldCatastrophes caused that each one wiped out a
number of speciesRevolutions: events with natural causesCATASTROPHISM:
Through periodic revolutions or catastrophes
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONSEarth is perpetually being formedPerceived sedimentation
takes place so slowly that even the oldest rocks are made up of “materials that furnished from the ruins of former continents”
Great geological cycle
THEORY OF GRADUALISMGreat age of the Earth: 1st revolutionary concept from the new science of geology
Click icon to add picture
Scottish lawyer turned geologist Published: Principles of Geology Believed Hutton’s theory of GRADUALISM
CHARLES LYELL
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONSPublished:
Principles of Geology
UNIFORMITARIANISM incorporated with Hutton’s theory
Slow subtle processes could cause substantial change over time
natural agents now at work on and within the Earth have operated with
general uniformity through immensely long periods of time
Gregor Mendel
Austrian BiologistFather of Classical
Genetics
Discovered basic principles on heredity by breeding garden peasLAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENTLAW OF SEGREGATION
CHARLES DARWIN
Born in England on February 2, 1809
Fascinated with nature as a boyStudied theology in CambridgeVoyage of the H.M.S. Beagle
Observed varied adaptations (Galapagos islands)
Darwin’s finches: 14 species
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONSRead the essay of Malthus
Published: Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859)
Believed that:Species evolved from ancestral speciesNatural selection as the mechanism of evolutionSurvival of the fittest
ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACEBorn in England on 1823English naturalistHenry Walter Bates:
introduced Beetle collectionWent to the Amazon in
1848-1852Studied Malayan
Archipelago in 1854 Collected 125 660 species
for 8 years of stay
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS1858- wrote Darwin a letter
Because he realized how species evolvedchanged because
fittest individuals survived and reproducedpassing their advantageous characters
Both ideas were presented to the Linnaean Society
HUGO de Vries Believed that:
Species evolve from other species through sudden large changes of character traits
1848 Born in Netherlands
1880 experiments with plants
Rediscovered Mendel’s works
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONSWorked with
Oenothera lamarkiana (evening primrose)
Theory of MutationNew species could arise in single jumpsToday: nothing to do with genetic mutations
Variants isolated from these plants were caused by aberrant chromosomal segregations and no to mutations
CARL CORRENS1864 Born in Munich1885 entered University of Munich (botany)Had redefined Mendel’s discovery “laws of
heredity”1900 published: G. Mendel’s Law
Concerning the Behavior of the Progeny of Racial hybrids
ERICH VON TSCHERMAK- SEYSENEGG
1871 Vienna Austria1898 started doing experiments in plant
breeding using peas1900 independently derived Mendel’s laws of
inheritanceImproved crops using laws of heredity
High yielding crops of: wheat, barley and oats
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