Evidence for Evolution BioH Ch 18 1. 2 Petrified tree sap = amber (Basis for Jurassic Park movies)

Evidence for Evolution

BioH Ch 181

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Petrified tree sap = “amber”(Basis for Jurassic Park movies)

Fossil Evidence

In 2004, scientists digging in the Canadian Arctic unearthed fossils of a half-fish, half-amphibian that all but confirmed paleontologists' theories

about how land-dwelling tetrapods–four-limbed animals, including us–evolved from fish.

It is a classic example of a transitional form, one that bridges a so-called evolutionary gap between

different types of animal. Let’s examine five important cases.

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Fossilization

“Lucy”

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Stratification

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Evidence of evolution can lead to the formation of a timeline of development of life on Earth…

Geologic Time Table

Fossil recordsRelative DatingRadioactive dating

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ERA’s correspond with major extinction events

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Comparative Morphology

Morphological divergence Homology

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Common ancestors?

Morphological divergence

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Morphological Convergence

Fish Mammal Bird

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“Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny”

Embryological Evidence 17

Comparative Biochemistry Evidence

DNA, RNA, proteins comparisons between species

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Systems of Classification

• Visual• Location• Anatomical• Physiological• Genetic• ???

Based on SIMILARITIES

Easiest to identify?

MOST important/ BEST relationships?

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Linnaeus’s System• Hierarchy• Seven levels - Taxons

– Kingdom– Phylum– Class– Order– Family– Genus– Species

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King Philip?KingPhilip Came Over For Good Soup

KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies

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Binomial NomenclatureGenus and Species name

Grizzly Bear – Ursus arctos

Polar bear – Ursus maritimus

Giant Panda – Ailuropoda melanoleuca

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Old vs. Modern Systems

Evolutionary classification (descent characteristics): Segmented bodiesJointed limbs Exoskeleton that is shed

Derived characteristics = CLADOGRAM

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Exercise

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Taxonomy

Identifying, classifying speciesClassification schemesBinomial systemPhylogenyK-P-C-O-F-G-S

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KingdomsArchaebacteria – Ancient bacteria, unicellular, prokaryote. Found in extremely harsh environments.

Eubacteria - More modern bacteria, uniclelluar, prokaryote. “Common bacteria”

Protista – Eukaryote, unicelluar or multicellular. Autotroph or heterotroph. Pathogens and parasites.

Fungi – Multicellular, eukaryote. Heterotroph. Decomposers, pathogens, parasites.

Plantae - Multicellular, eukaryote. Autotrophs

Animalia - Multicellular, eukaryote. Heterotroph.

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Radiometric Dating

Radioactive decay

in everyday life

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A Changing Earth

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Evidence of Change

LifeFossil evidenceStratificationRadiometric dating

GeologySedimentary layersSimilar mineralizationAging of mountain ranges

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What’s in the future?

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