Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Evidence for Evolution
BioH Ch 181
2
Petrified tree sap = “amber”(Basis for Jurassic Park movies)
Fossil Evidence
In 2004, scientists digging in the Canadian Arctic unearthed fossils of a half-fish, half-amphibian that all but confirmed paleontologists' theories
about how land-dwelling tetrapods–four-limbed animals, including us–evolved from fish.
It is a classic example of a transitional form, one that bridges a so-called evolutionary gap between
different types of animal. Let’s examine five important cases.
3
4
5
6
7
8
Stratification
10
11
Evidence of evolution can lead to the formation of a timeline of development of life on Earth…
Geologic Time Table
Fossil recordsRelative DatingRadioactive dating
ERA’s correspond with major extinction events
13
Comparative Morphology
Morphological divergence Homology
14
Common ancestors?
Morphological divergence
15
Morphological Convergence
Fish Mammal Bird
16
“Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny”
Embryological Evidence 17
Comparative Biochemistry Evidence
DNA, RNA, proteins comparisons between species
18
Systems of Classification
• Visual• Location• Anatomical• Physiological• Genetic• ???
Based on SIMILARITIES
Easiest to identify?
MOST important/ BEST relationships?
19
Linnaeus’s System• Hierarchy• Seven levels - Taxons
– Kingdom– Phylum– Class– Order– Family– Genus– Species
20
King Philip?KingPhilip Came Over For Good Soup
KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies
21
Binomial NomenclatureGenus and Species name
Grizzly Bear – Ursus arctos
Polar bear – Ursus maritimus
Giant Panda – Ailuropoda melanoleuca
22
Old vs. Modern Systems
Evolutionary classification (descent characteristics): Segmented bodiesJointed limbs Exoskeleton that is shed
Derived characteristics = CLADOGRAM
23
Exercise
24
Taxonomy
Identifying, classifying speciesClassification schemesBinomial systemPhylogenyK-P-C-O-F-G-S
25
KingdomsArchaebacteria – Ancient bacteria, unicellular, prokaryote. Found in extremely harsh environments.
Eubacteria - More modern bacteria, uniclelluar, prokaryote. “Common bacteria”
Protista – Eukaryote, unicelluar or multicellular. Autotroph or heterotroph. Pathogens and parasites.
Fungi – Multicellular, eukaryote. Heterotroph. Decomposers, pathogens, parasites.
Plantae - Multicellular, eukaryote. Autotrophs
Animalia - Multicellular, eukaryote. Heterotroph.
26
Radiometric Dating
Radioactive decay
in everyday life
27
28
29
A Changing Earth
30
Evidence of Change
LifeFossil evidenceStratificationRadiometric dating
GeologySedimentary layersSimilar mineralizationAging of mountain ranges
31
What’s in the future?
32
