ESPACE Project Results · ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle...

ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009

ESPACE Project Results

Installation Systems

Dr Jérôme PAYETSimone Pedrazzini

SETEMIP-Environnement

ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009

Objectives

o Compare the different Installation Systems

o Evaluate 4 categories of impact

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ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009

Scenarios

3

Fla

t ro

of

Sla

nte

d r

oof

Scenario 1 – Integrated

Scenario 2 – Integrated (renovation)

Scenario 3 – Superimposed

Scenario 4 – Tank PU Scenario 5 – Bracket alu Scenario 6 – Sunscreen

ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009 4

Functional Unit

o The functional unit (FU) for Installation Systems

follows this definition:

Structure necessary to support 1 m2 modules.

ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009 5

Analysis Method

o The different Installation Systems will be analyzed by the

methods IMPACT 2002+

o Evaluate 4 categories of impacts:

– Human Health (DALY)

– Ecosystem Quality (PDF∙m²∙year)

– Climate Change (kg CO2 eq.)

– Resources (MJ primary)

ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009

Installation systems – Resources

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Integrated Integrated

(renovation)Superimposed Tank PU Bracket alu Sunscreen

[MJ p

rim

ary

]

Transport EU

Tiles – Landfill

Tiles

Concrete

Tank PU

Fixing Tank PU

Gravel

Screw

Aluminum

Sealing PE

Gasket Sealing PE

132.23480.25

- 1.00

666.88 645.25

212.63

Tank PU contribution

ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009

Installation systems – Climate Change

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Integrated Integrated

(renovation)Superimposed Tank PU Bracket alu Sunscreen

[kg C

O2

eq]

Transport EU

Tiles – Landfill

Tiles

Concrete

Tank PU

Fixing Tank PU

Gravel

Screw

Aluminum

Sealing PE

Gasket Sealing PE

- 0.1228.66

- 0.89

27.90

72.89

21.59

Installation Systems have a considerable impact especially in Climate

Change damage category.

ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009

Installation systems – Human Health

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Integrated Integrated

(renovation)Superimposed Tank PU Bracket alu Sunscreen

[DA

LY

]

Transport EU

Tiles – Landfill

Tiles

Concrete

Tank PU

Fixing Tank PU

Gravel

Screw

Aluminum

Sealing PE

Gasket Sealing PE

Material Bonus : negative values positive effect

ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009

Installation systems – Ecosystem Quality

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Integrated Integrated

(renovation)Superimposed Tank PU Bracket alu Sunscreen

[PD

F.m

2.y

r]]

–D

ue

to

em

itte

d s

ub

sta

nce

s

Transport EU

Tiles – Landfill

Tiles

Concrete

Tank PU

Fixing Tank PU

Gravel

Screw

Aluminum

Sealing PE

Gasket Sealing PE

Aluminum contribution

ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009

Installation systems – Conclusions

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o Material Bonus

– Reduce the amount of used tiles (- 75 kg/m2)

– Increase the lifetime of tiles (+ 30 years)

o Superimposed and integrated systems have the lower impacts in

according with the hypothesis of this study

o Installation system can reach a considerable contribution to PV

global impact; it is the case for Climate Change category

ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009

ESPACE Project Results

PV Recycling issues

Dr Jérôme PAYETSimone Pedrazzini

SETEMIP-Environnement

ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009

Objectives

o Investigate PV recycling issues

o Quantify the potential environmental benefits

o Theoretical and practical scenarios

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ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009

PV recycling

o No detailed information

o Contributions:

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Collection Disassembly Treatment

ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009

ISO 14044

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o Allocation rules

– Divide processes or system expansion

– Physic allocation

– Economic allocation, …

o Closed loop recycling

o Open loop recycling

ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009

Environmental Impact of Recycling

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€

time30 yr

What is the Environmental Impact of ?

?

ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009

Potential environmental benefits : aluminum

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Primary aluminum vs Recycled aluminum

Human Health Ecosystem Quality Climate Change Resources

Primary

Industrial mix

Recycled (new scrap)

Recycled (old scrap)

ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009

Potential environmental benefits : PV

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o Semi-qualitative approach

o 2 extreme cases

Grinding +

Purification

Purification :• ~ 90% of PV silicium impact• PV silicium impact = 0.97 MJ/kWh

Surface reactivation

Surface reactivation :• ~ 10% of PV silicium impact• PV silicium impact = 0.97 MJ/kWh

ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009

Potential environmental benefits : PV

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Re

so

urc

es [%

]

Semi-qualitative approach

1st cycle

2nd cycle

ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009

PV Recycling Issues - Conclusions

o The environmental performance is between the 2 extreme cases

o More information about PV recycling is needed

o Recyclability must be:

– Technically feasible

– Industrially viable

– Economically profitable

– Environmentally promising

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