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ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009
ESPACE Project Results
Installation Systems
Dr Jérôme PAYETSimone Pedrazzini
SETEMIP-Environnement
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009
Objectives
o Compare the different Installation Systems
o Evaluate 4 categories of impact
2
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009
Scenarios
3
Fla
t ro
of
Sla
nte
d r
oof
Scenario 1 – Integrated
Scenario 2 – Integrated (renovation)
Scenario 3 – Superimposed
Scenario 4 – Tank PU Scenario 5 – Bracket alu Scenario 6 – Sunscreen
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009 4
Functional Unit
o The functional unit (FU) for Installation Systems
follows this definition:
Structure necessary to support 1 m2 modules.
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009 5
Analysis Method
o The different Installation Systems will be analyzed by the
methods IMPACT 2002+
o Evaluate 4 categories of impacts:
– Human Health (DALY)
– Ecosystem Quality (PDF∙m²∙year)
– Climate Change (kg CO2 eq.)
– Resources (MJ primary)
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009
Installation systems – Resources
6
Integrated Integrated
(renovation)Superimposed Tank PU Bracket alu Sunscreen
[MJ p
rim
ary
]
Transport EU
Tiles – Landfill
Tiles
Concrete
Tank PU
Fixing Tank PU
Gravel
Screw
Aluminum
Sealing PE
Gasket Sealing PE
132.23480.25
- 1.00
666.88 645.25
212.63
Tank PU contribution
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009
Installation systems – Climate Change
7
Integrated Integrated
(renovation)Superimposed Tank PU Bracket alu Sunscreen
[kg C
O2
eq]
Transport EU
Tiles – Landfill
Tiles
Concrete
Tank PU
Fixing Tank PU
Gravel
Screw
Aluminum
Sealing PE
Gasket Sealing PE
- 0.1228.66
- 0.89
27.90
72.89
21.59
Installation Systems have a considerable impact especially in Climate
Change damage category.
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009
Installation systems – Human Health
8
Integrated Integrated
(renovation)Superimposed Tank PU Bracket alu Sunscreen
[DA
LY
]
Transport EU
Tiles – Landfill
Tiles
Concrete
Tank PU
Fixing Tank PU
Gravel
Screw
Aluminum
Sealing PE
Gasket Sealing PE
Material Bonus : negative values positive effect
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009
Installation systems – Ecosystem Quality
9
Integrated Integrated
(renovation)Superimposed Tank PU Bracket alu Sunscreen
[PD
F.m
2.y
r]]
–D
ue
to
em
itte
d s
ub
sta
nce
s
Transport EU
Tiles – Landfill
Tiles
Concrete
Tank PU
Fixing Tank PU
Gravel
Screw
Aluminum
Sealing PE
Gasket Sealing PE
Aluminum contribution
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009
Installation systems – Conclusions
10
o Material Bonus
– Reduce the amount of used tiles (- 75 kg/m2)
– Increase the lifetime of tiles (+ 30 years)
o Superimposed and integrated systems have the lower impacts in
according with the hypothesis of this study
o Installation system can reach a considerable contribution to PV
global impact; it is the case for Climate Change category
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009
ESPACE Project Results
PV Recycling issues
Dr Jérôme PAYETSimone Pedrazzini
SETEMIP-Environnement
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009
Objectives
o Investigate PV recycling issues
o Quantify the potential environmental benefits
o Theoretical and practical scenarios
12
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009
PV recycling
o No detailed information
o Contributions:
13
Collection Disassembly Treatment
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009
ISO 14044
14
o Allocation rules
– Divide processes or system expansion
– Physic allocation
– Economic allocation, …
o Closed loop recycling
o Open loop recycling
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009
Environmental Impact of Recycling
15
€
time30 yr
What is the Environmental Impact of ?
?
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009
Potential environmental benefits : aluminum
16
Primary aluminum vs Recycled aluminum
Human Health Ecosystem Quality Climate Change Resources
Primary
Industrial mix
Recycled (new scrap)
Recycled (old scrap)
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009
Potential environmental benefits : PV
17
o Semi-qualitative approach
o 2 extreme cases
Grinding +
Purification
Purification :• ~ 90% of PV silicium impact• PV silicium impact = 0.97 MJ/kWh
Surface reactivation
Surface reactivation :• ~ 10% of PV silicium impact• PV silicium impact = 0.97 MJ/kWh
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009
Potential environmental benefits : PV
18
Re
so
urc
es [%
]
Semi-qualitative approach
1st cycle
2nd cycle
ESPACE: Eco-conception of a photovoltaic system by its life cycle assessment and environmental impactEuropean Workshop - Lyon, 30 October 2009
PV Recycling Issues - Conclusions
o The environmental performance is between the 2 extreme cases
o More information about PV recycling is needed
o Recyclability must be:
– Technically feasible
– Industrially viable
– Economically profitable
– Environmentally promising
19