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ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section. and. ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section. and. Petteri Nieminen ESA/ESTEC. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1CHEP20009 February 2000
ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section
and
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 2
ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section
and
Petteri NieminenESA/ESTEC
XMM analysis: E. Daly1, H. Evans1, S. Giani2, F. Lei3, R. Nartallo1,
J. Sørensen1, P.R. Truscott3
Space-specific C. Ferguson4, R. Gurriaran4, F. Lei3, modules: P.R. Truscott3
Low-E extensions: J. Apostolakis2, S. Chauvie5, S. Giani2, V. Ivantchenko6, V. Lefébure1,2, M. Maire7, M.G. Pia2,8, L. Urban2,9
1) ESA/ESTEC (NL) 4) Univ. Southampton (UK) 7) LAPP (F)2) CERN (CH) 5) Univ. Torino (I) 8) INFN Genova (I)3) DERA (UK) 6) Budker Inst. For Nuclear Physics (RUS) 9) KFKI (HUN)
CHEP2000 3
Solar flare electrons,protons, and heavy ions
Jovianelectrons
Solar flare neutronsand -rays
SolarX-rays
Galactic and extra-galacticcosmic rays
Induced emission
(Neutrinos)
Trapped particles
Anomalouscosmic rays
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 4
ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section
Simulation “agenda”:
Spacecraft and instrument shielding properties Detector background effects in astrophysical observatories (including
from radioactive decay) Single Event Effects and total dose in sensitive components 3-D spacecraft design and radiation response verification Mineralogical surveys of asteroids and moons by induced X-ray line
emission Astronaut hazards: radiation effects at cellular and DNA level
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 5
ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section
Sector Shielding Analysis Tool
Low-energy e-m extensions
CAD tool front-end
Delayed radioactivity
General purpose source particle module
INTEGRAL and other science missions
Instrument design purposes Dose calculations
Particle source and spectrum
Geological surveys of asteroids
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 6
ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section
X-Ray Surveys of Asteroids and Moons
Induced X-ray line emission:indicator of target composition(~100 m surface layer)
Cosmic rays,jovian electrons
Geant3.21
ITS3.0, EGS4
Geant4
Solar X-rays, e, p
Courtesy SOHO EIT
C, N, O line emissions included
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 7
ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section
Low-E e-m models (electrons and photons)
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 8
ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section
Low-E e-m models (protons and ions)
Applications in the medical field, astrophysics, fundamental physics,...
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 9
X-ray Multi-Mirror mission(XMM)
Launch December 1999 Perigee 7000 km, apogee 114000 km Flight through the radiation belts Chandra X-ray observatory, with
similar orbit, experienced unexpected degradation of CCDs
Possible effects on XMM?Baffles
X-ray detectors(CCDs)
Mirrors
Telescope tube
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 10
ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section
Low-E (~100 keV to few MeV), low-angle (~0°-5°) proton scattering:Obscure problem; not much analysed
CCD displacement damage: front vs. back-illuminated.
30 m 2 m30 m2 m
30 m Si ~1.5 MeV p+
Active layerPassive layer
Basic geometry and co-ordinate system of theTRIM/Geant4 simulations.
θ
βα
X
YZ
“Electron deflector”
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 11
ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section
EPIC
RGS
Q1Q1
Q2
22
1 4 LSdEEfEQF
EQ
LSdEEfEQF 22
21 4
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 12
ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section
1-D simulations vs. experimental dataExperimental data courtesy of Columbia University1
1 Rasmussen, A. et al., Proton Scattering off of XMM optics: XMM Mirror and RGS grating samples, XMM project documentRGS-COL-CAL-99009, Nov. 4 1999
1
10
100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Scatter Angle (degrees)
Flux
(#/c
m2 /s
t/inc
. p+)
Columbia: 1.3 MeV, 1.576deg G4: 1.3 MeV, 1.576deg
RGS Acceptance Range
1
10
100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Scatter Angle (degrees)
Flux
(#/c
m2 /s
t/inc
. p+)
Columbia: 1.3 MeV, 1.826deg G4: 1.3 MeV, 1.826deg
RGS Acceptance Range
Grating “saw-tooth” surface not modelled correction of ~0.7°
Beam width ~5 mm, simulated beam 1-D
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 13
full-scale simulations
Source(restricted isotropic)
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 14
ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section
SSAT analysis of the XMM baffle
Direct line of sight from the baffle to the focal plane;increases the overall proton transmission efficiency
p
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 15
ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section
1.E-09
1.E-08
1.E-07
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Source half-angle (deg)
Effi
cien
cy
Scattered 0.1 MeVScattered 0.6 MeVScattered 1.0 MeVDirect Hits 0.1 MeVDirect Hits 0.6 MeVDirect Hits 1.0 MeV
full-scale simulations
Mirror efficiency
Scattered
Directtransmission
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 16
ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section
full-scale simulations
1.E-09
1.E-08
1.E-07
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Source half-angle (deg)
Effi
cien
cy
EPIC 0.1 MeVEPIC 0.6 MeVEPIC 1.0 MeVRGS 0.1 MeVRGS 0.6 MeVRGS 1.0 MeV
EPIC and RGS efficiencies
EPIC
RGS
Variation in Efficiency with Proton Energy at various source half-angles
1.E-09
1.E-08
1.E-07
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Proton Energy (MeV)
Eff
icie
ncy
EPIC 0.5 degEPIC 1 degEPIC 4 degEPIC 2 degEPIC 10 degEPIC 30 degRGS 0.5 degRGS 1 degRGS 2 degRGS 4 degRGS 10 degRGS 30 deg
EPIC
RGS
-4-2024
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10
Z (cm)
Y (c
m)
RGS EPIC
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 17
Standard Radiation Environment Monitor (SREM)
AluminumTantalumSilicon (detectors)
D1 D2
- Mass (2.5 kg)- Volume (2 l)- Power 2.6 W
e-
p+
e-
Optimised Al-Ta “Sandwich structure”. Original design by Geant3.21 simulations - Electrons > 0.5 MeV
- Protons > 10 MeV- Heavy ions qualitatively
ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section
Further miniaturisation underway
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 18
FIRSTINTEGRAL
PROBA
International Space Station
Mars Express
Missions with SREM...
ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section
Rosetta
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 19
ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section
Interactions of radiation with biological systems at cellular and DNA level
New Geant4 -based activity in the ESA General Studies Programme Biological and chemical factors... Contractor INFN Genova; network of 20 scientists at INFN, CERN,
ESA, and the Italian National Institute for Cancer Research Heavy ions particularly harmful
Astronaut safety, exobiology
C, Fe, ...
9 February 2000 CHEP2000 20
ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section
Conclusions ESA has sponsored the development of a set of space-specific
modules Geant4; these will be out by March 2000 Geant4 low-energy electromagnetic models for photons and
electrons down to 250 eV; for protons and ions to ~1 keV; ongoing work also on antiprotons
Complex test case XMM has shown the versatility of the toolkit Being a member in the Geant4 Collaboration offers significant
benefits for ESA Wide user community in space applications foreseen
and
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